Genome mining in Trichoderma viride J1-030: discovery and identification of novel sesquiterpene synthase and its products

• Xiang Sun,
• You-Sheng Cai,
• Yujie Yuan,
• Guangkai Bian,
• Ziling Ye,
• Zixin Deng and
• Tiangang Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2052–2058, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.202

• efficiently enriched via an abundant FPP supply. Detection and characterisation of Tvi09626 products By semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we purified compound 1 and compound 2 (23.1 mg and 13.2 mg, respectively). The structures of the two new compounds were characterised by 1D

Bipolenins K–N: New sesquiterpenoids from the fungal plant pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana

• Chin-Soon Phan,
• Hang Li,
• Simon Kessler,
• Peter S. Solomon,
• Andrew M. Piggott and
• Yit-Heng Chooi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2020–2028, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.198

• /MeCN equipped with the C18 column, and DAD detector to yield 1 (1.5 mg), 2 (0.4 mg), 3 (0.4 mg), 4 (0.4 mg), 5 (0.5 mg), 6 (1.0 mg), 7 (4.0 mg), 8 (1.8 mg), 9 (2.8 mg), 10 (3.0 mg), 11 (0.4 mg), and 12 (1.3 mg). The Kinetex C18 on RP-HPLC (Phenomenex, 2.6 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm, 0.75 mL/min, DAD detection

Isolation and characterisation of irinans, androstane-type withanolides from Physalis peruviana L.

• Annika Stein,
• Dave Compera,
• Bianka Karge,
• Mark Brönstrup and
• Jakob Franke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2003–2012, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.196

• reactivity of 4ß-hydroxywithanolide E (1) under acidic/basic and oxidative conditions, respectively. (A) LC–MS chromatograms (ELS detection) of 1 incubated at different pH values. (B) LC–MS chromatograms (UV detection at 200–400 nm) of 1 treated with different oxidative reagents. The formation of 2 in the

Analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (Vitis vinifera L.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS)

• Philipp P. Könen and
• Matthias Wüst

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1945–1961, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.190

• different selectivity, resulting in optimized resolution. Increased resolution makes coelutions less likely and minimizes chromatographic noise. In addition, modulator-controlled focusing effects favor the detection of analytes in the trace range. Furthermore, GC×GC is used to obtain structured

Archangelolide: A sesquiterpene lactone with immunobiological potential from Laserpitium archangelica

• Silvie Rimpelová,
• Michal Jurášek,
• Lucie Peterková,
• Jiří Bejček,
• Vojtěch Spiwok,
• Miloš Majdl,
• Michal Jirásko,
• Miloš Buděšínský,
• Juraj Harmatha,
• Eva Kmoníčková,
• Pavel Drašar and
• Tomáš Ruml

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1933–1944, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.189

• spectrophotometric detection (450 nm, reference 630 nm) as described in [10]. Briefly, WST-1 assay is based on reduction of a tetrazolium salt on soluble formazan in metabolically active cells. The measured absorbance is directly proportional to the number of metabolically active cells. For this assay, cells were

• , Austria). A nitrite calibration curve was used to convert absorbance to concentration (µM) of nitrite. Cytokine assay Analogous to NO detection, supernatants of all samples were analyzed for cytokine content after 24 h. The concentration of secreted TNF-α was determined by ELISA assay (R&D Systems

Complexation of chiral amines by resorcin[4]arene sulfonic acids in polar media – circular dichroism and diffusion studies of chirality transfer and solvent dependence

• Bartosz Setner and
• Agnieszka Szumna

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1913–1924, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.187

• sensitive technique for the detection of noncovalent interactions involving chiral molecules, even if only one component of the interaction pair is chiral. Considering strong interactions with amino acids we think that RSAs, in analogy to CSAs, can also act as modulators of protein crystallizations

Tautomerism as primary signaling mechanism in metal sensing: the case of amide group

• Vera Deneva,
• Georgi Dobrikov,
• Aurelien Crochet,
• Daniela Nedeltcheva,
• Katharina M. Fromm and
• Liudmil Antonov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1898–1906, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.185

• of the development of coordination chemistry [1]. Particularly chromophore ligands have been successfully utilized for colorimetric detection of the majority of metal ions as complex [2]. Some of them are used as standard tools in chelatometric titrations [3]. The design of specific ligands for

• similar. However, as shown in Figure 5 and Table 1, the difference in the spectral maxima of the complexes allows detection of each of the studied cations. Conclusion In the current study, we modeled theoretically and experimentally the tautomerism and complexation abilities of a new tautomeric ligand

Identification of optimal fluorescent probes for G-quadruplex nucleic acids through systematic exploration of mono- and distyryl dye libraries

• Xiao Xie,
• Michela Zuffo,
• Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou and
• Anton Granzhan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1872–1889, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.183

• for in vitro detection of G4 structures and their differentiation from other DNA or RNA forms [6][7][8][9][10], topological characterization of G4 structures [11][12][13][14], real-time detection of G4 formation [15], and implementation of G4-based molecular devices [16][17] and biosensors [18][19][20

• detection of double-stranded DNA. Compounds 15a and 16a are homo-dimeric derivatives, featuring two distyryl moieties connected via a C3 (15a) or a C4 (16a) linker. In addition, we included 9 mono-styryl derivatives. Among these, compounds 17a and 18a are long-known [66][67]; however, to the best of our

• 22 nt oligonucleotide. All samples were prepared in a K+-rich buffer solution (K-100, see Table 1 footnote). Thioflavin T (ThT), which is widely used for detection of G4 structures, was included for comparison. The fluorescence intensity was measured using a microplate reader. In order to screen a

Cyclobutane dication, (CH₂)₄²⁺: a model for a two-electron four-center (2e-4c) Woodward–Hoffmann frozen transition state

• G. K. Surya Prakash and
• Golam Rasul

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1475–1479, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.148

• cation (H3+, i) is the simplest known structure involving a two-electron three-center (2e-3c) bond (Scheme 1). The first spectroscopic detection of the H3+ ion was reported by Oka in 1980 [1]. Similarly, the structure of five coordinated protonated methane (CH5+, ii), a prototype of nonclassical

2,3-Dibutoxynaphthalene-based tetralactam macrocycles for recognizing precious metal chloride complexes

• Li-Li Wang,
• Yi-Kuan Tu,
• Huan Yao and
• Wei Jiang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1460–1467, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.146

• macrocycle, which make it conformationally adaptive to maximize the binding affinities. In addition, the macrocycle shows fluorescent quenching when adding the chloride metal complexes in its solution and may be used as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of these coordination complexes. Keywords: host

• ). A linear relationship between fluorescent intensity and the concentrations of TBA[AuCl4] was observed at the concentration range of 20–96 μM, giving a detection limit of 0.61 μM for TBA[AuCl4] according to standard methods [45] (Figure 6b). This is similar for (TBA)2[PtCl4] within a linear

• concentration range of 20–970 μM and a detection limit of 3.9 μM (Figure S23, Supporting Information File 1). For (TBA)2[PdCl4], the fluorescence intensity was enhanced at the beginning (Figure S24, Supporting Information File 1), and then quenched with increasing concentrations of (TBA)2[PdCl4] (Figure S25a

Reaction of oxiranes with cyclodextrins under high-energy ball-milling conditions

• László Jicsinszky,
• Federica Calsolaro,
• Katia Martina,
• Fabio Bucciol,
• Maela Manzoli and
• Giancarlo Cravotto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1448–1459, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.145

• in similar DS values within the calculation limits. The lack of sharp signals in both the core- and methyl signal regions allowed us to assume that PGs were present in amounts that were below the detection limits. The mother liquors of the MeOH–acetone crystallisation of the products were hygroscopic

Complexation of a guanidinium-modified calixarene with diverse dyes and investigation of the corresponding photophysical response

• Yu-Ying Wang,
• Yong Kong,
• Zhe Zheng,
• Wen-Chao Geng,
• Zi-Yi Zhao,
• Hongwei Sun and
• Dong-Sheng Guo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1394–1406, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.139

• and potential applications according to the diverse photophysical responses are provided. Keywords: calixarene; host–guest complexation; luminescent dyes; macrocycles; photophysical properties; Introduction Fluorescence sensing represents a powerful detection methodology due to its low cost, ease of

• time, directed by exploring biomedical applications of these compounds. Recently, we developed a series of guanidinium-modified calixarenes as novel artificial receptors [13][14]. We achieved ultrasensitive and specific fluorescence detection of lysophosphatidic acid (a cancer biomarker) by executing

• fluorescent IDA with guanidinium-modified calix[5]arene pentaisohexyl ether (GC5A) and fluorescein (Fl) as the reporter pair [26]. The ultrasensitive detection is feasible for diagnosing ovarian and other gynecologic cancers at their early stages. Also, we proposed a nanoplatform where the fluorescence and

Selective detection of DABCO using a supramolecular interconversion as fluorescence reporter

• Indrajit Paul,
• Debabrata Samanta,
• Sudhakar Gaikwad and
• Michael Schmittel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1371–1378, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.137

• sites. The structural changes are accompanied by a huge spatial contraction/expansion of the zinc porphyrin–zinc porphyrin distances that change from 31.2/38.8 Å to 6.6 Å and back. The supramolecular interconversion was used for the highly selective detection of DABCO in a mixture of other similar

• compounds. Keywords: copper; detection; fluorescence; interconversion; macrocycles; self-assembly; self-sorting; zinc porphyrin; Introduction Since dynamic multicomponent supramolecular structures are nowadays abundant [1][2], the weak intercomponent binding [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] is often instrumentalized

• machinery [22]. In contrast, the actual contribution seeks to explore the utility of supramolecular rearrangements [23] for sensing and detection, in particular with an emphasis on high selectivity. As a notable example of the latter category, Nitschke recently reported the guest-induced transformation of

Formation of an unexpected 3,3-diphenyl-3H-indazole through a facile intramolecular [2 + 3] cycloaddition of the diazo intermediate

• Andrew T. King,
• Hugh G. Hiscocks,
• Lidia Matesic,
• Mohan Bhadbhade,
• Roger Bishop and
• Alison T. Ung

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1347–1354, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.134

• chemical reagents and analytical grade solvents were obtained from commercial sources such as Sigma-Aldrich, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc. and Merck Millipore. All reactions were monitored using either TLC aluminium oxide 60 F254 neutral or TLC Silica gel 60 F254 with UV detection at 254 nm. 1H NMR

N-doped carbon dots covalently functionalized with pillar[5]arenes for Fe³⁺ sensing

• Jia Gao,
• Ming-Xue Wu,
• Dihua Dai,
• Zhi Cai,
• Yue Wang,
• Wenhui Fang,
• Yan Wang and
• Ying-Wei Yang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1262–1267, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.123

• , symmetrical structures, superior host–guest properties, supramolecular assembly characteristics, and versatile functionalities [11][15][16]. Carboxylatopillar[5]arene (CP[5]) is one of the most popular functional pillarenes that has been exploited in many research areas, especially in sensing and detection

• ) through covalent bonds formed by EDC-NHS coupling reaction. The comparison of CCDs with single CN-dots without CP[5], revealed that the CCDs exhibit a higher selectivity for Fe3+ detection (Scheme 1). Fe3+ ions play an important role in the living organism and is related to many diseases, thus it is vital

• a good linear correlation (R2 = 0.992) and the lowest detection limit (LOD) was determined to be 1.2 μM [16][24][25]. Subsequently, the quenching mechanism of Fe3+ toward CCDs was investigated. As demonstrated in Figure 3e, the UV–vis absorption of Fe3+ overlaid with the emission peak of CCDs, thus

Understanding the unexpected effect of frequency on the kinetics of a covalent reaction under ball-milling conditions

• Ana M. Belenguer,
• Adam A. L. Michalchuk,
• Giulio I. Lampronti and
• Jeremy K. M. Sanders

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1226–1235, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.120

• the phase composition by Rietveld refinement is ±3 mol % of the absolute and estimated sensitivity while the limit of detection (LOD) is 3 mol %. The estimated sensitivity of the HPLC analysis resulting in the chemical composition of the samples is 0.1 mol % relative to the main component. Therefore

Ugi reaction-derived prolyl peptide catalysts grafted on the renewable polymer polyfurfuryl alcohol for applications in heterogeneous enamine catalysis

• Alexander F. de la Torre,
• Gabriel S. Scatena,
• Oscar Valdés,
• Daniel G. Rivera and
• Márcio W. Paixão

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1210–1216, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.118

• reactor coupled to a HPLC system and the retention times of each substrate within the reactor were measured by UV detection at a wavelength of 210 nm. A retention time of 70 min for β-nitrostyrene at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min into the reactor was observed. Then, this preferential occupancy of the packing

• flash column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane 1:9, v/v). The spectroscopic data are in agreement with the published data [15]. The enantiomeric excess was determined by chiral-stationary phase HPLC (Chiralpak OD-H, hexane/iPrOH 99:1, v/v, 25 °C) at 1.00 mL/min, UV detection at 210 nm: tR: (syn, major

Mechanochemical synthesis of hyper-crosslinked polymers: influences on their pore structure and adsorption behaviour for organic vapors

• Sven Grätz,
• Sebastian Zink,
• Hanna Kraffczyk,
• Marcus Rose and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1154–1161, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.112

• contents below the limit of detection (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). Scattering electron microscopy also revealed an agglomerated morphology of the samples (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4). After successfully establishing the occurrence of the cross-linking reaction and investigating

Molecular recognition using tetralactam macrocycles with parallel aromatic sidewalls

• Dong-Hao Li and
• Bradley D. Smith

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1086–1095, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.105

• tetralactams with parallel aromatic sidewalls are well-suited for various practical supramolecular applications such as molecular machines [72], optical imaging [73], organocatalysis [55], detection [74], and separations [24]. X-ray crystal structures of various squaraine rotaxanes show that the macrocycle

Stereo- and regioselective hydroboration of 1-exo-methylene pyranoses: discovery of aryltriazolylmethyl C-galactopyranosides as selective galectin-1 inhibitors

• Alexander Dahlqvist,
• Axel Furevi,
• Niklas Warlin,
• Hakon Leffler and
• Ulf J. Nilsson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1046–1060, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.102

• 100% acetonitrile. Monitoring and collection based on UV–vis absorbance at 210 nm and 254 nm, respectively. Purity analysis was performed using UPLC–MS with UV–vis detection on a Waters Acquity UPLC + Waters XEVO-G2 system using a Waters Acquity CSH C18, 1.7 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm column. Samples were run

• % acetonitrile, 3 or 6 µL injection, detection 190–300 nm. MS parameters: Cap voltage 3.0 kV, cone voltage 40 kV, Ext 4, source temperature 120 °C, desolvation temperature 500 °C, cone gas 50, desolvation gas 800, centroid resolution mode, m/z interval 50–1200, lockspray. Calibration: Leu-enkephalin m/z 556.2771

• HPLC, UV–vis detection: 98.4%. 1,2-Dideoxy-1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-β-D-galactoheptulose (1b): Compound 10b (50 mg, 0.147 mmol) was dissolved in cyclohexene/ethanol 2:1 (3 mL), palladium(II) hydroxide on charcoal (40 mg, 20 wt %) was added, and the mixture refluxed overnight at 80

New terpenoids from the fermentation broth of the edible mushroom Cyclocybe aegerita

• Frank Surup,
• Florian Hennicke,
• Nadine Sella,
• Maria Stroot,
• Steffen Bernecker,
• Sebastian Pfütze,
• Marc Stadler and
• Martin Rühl

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1000–1007, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.98

• , flow rate = 0.6 mL min−1, UV detection at 200–600 nm]. Fermentation in shaking flasks A culture of the strain C. aegerita AAE-3 with a total volume of 4 L was prepared in ZM ½ medium [molasses 47% (Nord Zucker AG Schladen, Germany) 5.00 g/L, oatmeal (Herrnmühle, Harald Feick OHG, Reichelsheim, Germany

• performed in triplicates using the CFX Connect™ RT-PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). The following conditions were applied: enzyme activation at 94 °C for 20 s followed by 40 cycles of 94 °C for 30 s, 58 °C for 30 s and 72 °C for 10 s. Structures of the isolated metabolites

Diaminoterephthalate–α-lipoic acid conjugates with fluorinated residues

• Leon Buschbeck,
• Aleksandra Markovic,
• Gunther Wittstock and
• Jens Christoffers

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 981–991, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.96

• sequence including one deprotection reaction. One functional unit is α-lipoic acid (ALA) for binding the dye to gold surfaces. It was introduced to the DAT scaffold by an amidation reaction. The other functional unit is a para-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl group for facile detection of the surface-bound material

• indicated that trifluoromethylation is an excellent tool for the detection of surface-bound materials by XPS. Keywords: chromophore; diaminoterephthalate; fluorine surface marker; fluorescence dye; lipoic acid; self-assembled monolayers; Introduction Diaminoterephthalates (DATs) are powerful fluorescence

• with soft ionizations are not applicable; and (3) the total amount of material is extremely small (i.e., about 10−9 mol·cm−2) [39]. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is one of the few suitable methods for detection of surface-immobilized compounds and changes on the surfaces. However, due to

Mechanochemical synthesis of poly(trimethylene carbonate)s: an example of rate acceleration

• Sora Park and
• Jeung Gon Kim

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 963–970, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.93

• transform NMR spectrometer and all signals were referenced to residual protonated solvent. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses with refractive index (RI) detection were used to determine the number-averaged molecular weights (Mn), weight-averaged molecular weights (Mw), and polydispersities (Mw/Mn

Photochemical generation of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical from caged nitroxides by near-infrared two-photon irradiation and its cytocidal effect on lung cancer cells

• Ayato Yamada,
• Manabu Abe,
• Yoshinobu Nishimura,
• Shoji Ishizaka,
• Masashi Namba,
• Taku Nakashima,
• Kiyofumi Shimoji and
• Noboru Hattori

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 863–873, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.84

• also observed (Figure 5). To evaluate whether the cytocidal effect was due to photochemical radical generation, cells exposed to 360 nm light for 1 min and the unexposed congeners were stained by using a ROS-ID oxidative stress detection kit (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY, U.S.A.). Reactive

• , 90, 120, and 150 s) using a fluorescence microscope (BIOREVO BZ-9000, Keyence, Osaka, Japan), cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion. Bars represent the mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). Detection of intracellular ROS in irradiated LLC cells with 2a-containing medium Fifty thousand

• light using a fluorescence microscope (BIOREVO BZ-9000, Keyence, Osaka, Japan), intracellular ROS were detected using the ROS-ID Oxidative Stress Detection Kit (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY, USA) in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy. Intracellular ROS was detected in the form of green

Efficient synthesis of 4-substituted-ortho-phthalaldehyde analogues: toward the emergence of new building blocks

• Clémence Moitessier,
• Ahmad Rifai,
• Pierre-Edouard Danjou,
• Isabelle Mallard and
• Francine Cazier-Dennin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 721–726, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.67

• -aminobutyric acid by high-performance liquid chromatography with molecular fluorescence detection [5]. In addition to the above manipulations, OPA and its derivatives are also valuable reagents [6] in organic chemistry, used to generate phthalimidine [7], imines [8], isoindole [9], 3-hydroxyindanone [10