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Search for "conductivity" in Full Text gives 610 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26
- ]. Alkaline electrolytes can decrease acid-based side reactions but alter Nafion [11][14], impeding ion conductivity and overall performance [5]. Adding binders additionally complicates reaction mechanisms and introduces competing pathways or by-products [5]. Further challenges in traditional nanoparticle
- not obfuscate the electrical characteristics [2]. The other circuit elements are the electrolyte resistance (Rel, the x-axis intercept), which was small because of the high ionic conductivity of the 1.0 M aqueous KHCO3 electrolyte, the Warburg impedance (Zw) due to mass transport limitations of the
- headspace of the working electrode compartment of the electrochemical cell. Hydrogen was detected by a thermal conductivity detector, and a flame ionization detector equipped with a methanizer was used to detect all other gases. Following a published procedure [82], the gas chromatograph was programmed to
Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25
- , skewness, and kurtosis were determined. Current–voltage characteristics indicate that the conductivity of the films increased with substrate temperature. The observed variations in structural, morphological, and optical parameters have been discussed and correlated. The wide bandgap (3.11 eV), high
- crystallinity, high transmittance, and high conductivity of the ZnTe film produced at 600 °C make it a suitable candidate for use as a buffer layer in solar cell applications. Keywords: bandgap; physical properties; RF sputtering; substrate temperature; ZnTe; Introduction The industrialization and burning of
- points towards a nearly ohmic contact between ZnTe film and quartz substrate, which is necessary for the fabrication of the optoelectronic device. The conductivity (σ) of films was determined using the relation [41] where ρ is the electrical resistivity, R is the resistance of the film, A is the area of
Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22
- conductivity. Finally, environmental parameters include relative humidity and temperature [15]. Chitosan, a widely utilized material in electrospun nanofiber membranes, is derived from the crystalline microfibrils of crustaceans, including crabs and prawns. It is biodegradable and exhibits a high capacity for
- central axis, which separates two different solutions into two separate chambers within the nozzle [96]. The two different solutions should possess similar electrical conductivity for the materials to eject as a single jet without any phase separation. This technique can be regarded as a variant of
Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21
- such as V2O5, W2O3, Mo2O3, and TiO2. BiVO4 is a newly designed n-type semiconductor with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. This is attributed to its specific physicochemical features, including ferro-elasticity and ionic conductivity [90]. Regrettably, bismuth-based metal oxides exhibit a low light
- level of reduction and the specific production techniques employed. GO is a type of insulating material that is made from graphene by oxidizing graphite. The reduction process eliminates functional groups in GO that contain oxygen, restoring π-conjugated structures and electrical conductivity. rGO has a
Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17
- sustaining rhizobacterial viability with pH 8.95 and an electrical conductivity of 55.4 μS/cm. Rhizobacteria loaded onto the nHA carrier maintained comparable viability to those without carriers. The highest viability of the rhizobacterial strains Pd and Tb loaded onto the nHA carrier was observed on the
- microscope JSM-6510LA JEOL SEM, followed by in-depth analysis using ImageJ and OriginLab 8.5.1 software tools. Additionally, the physical parameters of nHA utilized as a carrier material, including pH and electrical conductivity (EC), were determined using a digital pH meter (Mettler Toledo, MP220 pH meter
- ) and precise digital measurement of electrical conductivity (Mettler Toledo, MC 226 conductivity meter). Preparation of inoculum and formulation of rhizobacteria-nHA nHA was carefully placed into 2 mL EP tubes and underwent sterilization through autoclaving. The rhizobacteria were introduced into
Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16
- the dielectric environment present during their synthesis (see below in Figure 2b) [48][49]. Because of the direct occurrence of photothermal conversion on the surfaces of LSPR metals and its rapid nature, combined with the metals’ inherent high thermal conductivity and strong hydrophilicity, LSPR
- , including exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, wide availability, low cost, and a highly tunable structure, making them well-suited for such uses [67][68][69][70][71]. 2.3 Inorganic semiconductor materials Inorganic semiconductor materials, such as TiO2, SiO2, and Fe2O3, possess conductivity
Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11
- PEDOT:PSS are the two HTLs that are analyzed concerning the double perovskite material LNMO. The HTL needs better conductivity, better electron blocking, and more hole mobility for better carrier transportation at the perovskite/HTL interface. It is hydrophobic with a wider bandgap and does not easily
Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9
- nanocomposites, like high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and chemical stability, make them ideal candidates for the development of high-performance CO gas sensors. Carbon-nanocomposite gas sensors find their application in detecting pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2
- , mathematical models to predict the behavior of these sensors have been developed using numerical analysis software [1]. The polymer PEDOT: PSS aligns the surface of the CNT film by filling most of the gaps in the CNT network. The effective electrical conductivity at tube-to-tube junctions within the CNT
Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8
- reduction currents and increased peak oxidation, indicating rapid electron transport at the contacts between the electrolyte and electrode. Pseudo-capacitive behavior was observed in both electrolytes, where ionic conductivity influenced capacitance [17][18]. The addition of dextrose increased the redox
Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6
- 10.3762/bjnano.16.6 Keywords: AFM; atomic force microscopy; conductivity; drift correction; force spectroscopy; NC-AFM; non-contact atomic force microscopy; resistivity; tip–surface interaction; With the restrictions on travelling and social distancing lifted, we were delighted to continue two series of
- accurate knowledge of the quartz cantilever stiffness, the authors develop a method to quantify the stiffness based on thermal noise measurements and numerical simulation. Calibrated measurements of conductivity and resistivity are the focus of the contribution by Piquemal et al. [3]. A particular
- inaccuracy caused by electrostatic or capillary forces, this is an additional mechanism having an impact on AFM height measurements. Closely related is the measurement of conductivity. Skolaut et al. investigate conductivity in dependence on the roughness of the substrate using alkanethiol self-assembled
A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2
- degradation products, and hydrolysis products of phenylboronate esters. Resorcinarenes are known for their self-assembly properties [18]. The electrical conductivity plotted against RA concentration shows a nonlinear relationship for free Hist-RA, CA-RA, and their mixture in water, indicating a critical
- association constant (CAC) at the break point. The CACs for Hist-RA, CA-RA, and the Hist-RA + CA-RA mixture are 0.34, 0.26, and 0.32 mM, respectively (Figure 5a). In contrast, p(Hist-CA) post-dialysis shows a direct relationship between electrical conductivity and RA fragment concentration, despite its
- aggregation tendency (Figure 5b). Adding ACh to the p(Hist-CA) solution enhances the electrical conductivity and establishes a break point in the conductivity–concentration curve, with a CAC around 0.2 mM. These results suggest that ACh destabilizes p(Hist-CA), resulting in ensembles of Hist-RA, CA-RA, TO
Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128
- ratio x = [O]/[Si], which is determined by controlling key parameters in the deposition process [2]. This ratio determines optical and electrical properties such as bandgap energy, absorption coefficient, photoluminescence, refractive index, and electrical conductivity [3]. SiOx cannot only be obtained
Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124
- conductivity, and potent catalytic activity, make them ideal candidates for environmental monitoring and remediation [3]. Modifying silver nanoparticles with various biological molecules, peptides, proteins, and enzymes has further enhanced their functionality, stability, and selectivity towards specific
Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120
- volume of 0.544 cm3/g, and a capillary diameter of 1.50 nm. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray mapping demonstrated the uniform distribution of the two MOFs within the electrode composition. The synergistic effect of the electrocatalytic properties of CuBTC and the high conductivity of FeBTC
- sensors has some limitations associated with the low conductivity of MOFs. Therefore, the coupling with conducting materials, such as carbon-based materials, metal nanoparticles, and polymers, has been performed to enhance the electron charge transfer of MOFs [23][24]; single MOFs combined with carbon
- )BTC@CPE were calculated to be 742, 1710, and 547 Ω, respectively. It is evident that CuBTC increased the Rct of the CuBTC@CPE electrode more than twofold compared to the CPE electrode, likely because of its low electron conductivity [41][42]. However, the addition of FeBTC, which has a low Rct of 220
Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119
- performance of materials before they are synthesized [1][2][3]. This approach enables the discovery of materials with, for example, improved mechanical strength, enhanced thermal conductivity, superior electrical properties, or other tailored characteristics. Simulations provide crucial insights at different
Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116
- Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.116 Abstract High mechanical strength, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, and tunable properties make two-dimensional (2D) materials attractive for various
- two-dimensional (2D) material, consisting of a single layer of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged together in a hexagonal lattice [1]. Because of its extraordinary electrical and thermal conductivity, large surface area, and easy chemical functionalization, it provides a variety of applications in
Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108
- clamp contacts as sample C1, but the measured area was further away from the contact points. This way, the current first flows through the superconducting electrodes with low thermal conductivity in the superconducting state, and only then goes to the bridge. Nevertheless, non-equilibrium heating
- –Larkin formula [18]: where τ0 is found as (RSe2)/(16ℏ), τT equals to (T − TC)/TC, and RS is the surface resistance of the film. Equation 1 describes the change of film resistance above the critical temperature. This change happens because of thermal fluctuations of conductivity and depends on the surface
A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97
- acceleration voltage) directly allows the ion beam-induced temperature increases per scan point to be minimized. Materials with a low thermal conductivity such as polymers or biological samples, for example, skin with a thermal conductivity of 0.29 W·m−1·K−1 [21], will show excessive increases in temperature
- though this is not expected to be necessary in the case of processing collagen, further reducing the ion beam-induced heating by lowering the beam current and blurring the beam might be required for some polymers or biological samples that have a lower thermal conductivity than skin. Comparison of
- ion energies can be found throughout the literature [25][26]. Heating has not been observed when working with frozen hydrated samples. The thermal conductivity of ice is 2–3 W·m−1·K−1 [27]. FIB-induced heat damage would not be expected for cryo FIB processes, since the thermal conductivity of cryo
Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge2Se2 and its application in photovoltaic devices
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94
- (evaluated at the energy En(k)). The response coefficients, that is, the relative dielectric permittivity (εr), the polarizability (α), and the optical conductivity (σ), are related to the susceptibility as: with i,j ∈ {1,2,3}. Solving and separating Equation 9 for the imaginary part of dielectric function
Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO2/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92
- experiments. Photocatalytic tests The as-synthesized catalyst was placed in a custom-made batch reactor with a small transparent quartz window, which was directly connected to a gas chromatograph (GC) with thermal conductivity and flame ionization detectors. A 300 W Xenon lamp was utilized as a light source
Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90
- energy for migration. The difference between planar and spot deposit is the thickness of the deposit itself. While the silicon substrate suppresses beam-induced heating because of its high thermal conductivity, the deposit itself is most probably a bad heat conductor [39]. Consequently, a temperature
Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88
- several hours for results. The development of compact and portable miniaturized sensors has enabled the detection of different biomarkers for continuous, real-time human health monitoring [1][2]. Temperature, heart rate, electrical conductivity, dehydration, and glucose are some of the indicators that
Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85
- rings, which prevents planar deformations [33]. The same phenomenon explains the high thermal conductivity of up to 3000 W·m−1·K−1 [34][35] and the outstanding electrical properties [36][37][38]. Compared to conventional 3D materials, the understanding of electronic transport and carrier dynamics in
- those of individual CNTs [71]. Nanodiamonds NDs are a carbon allotrope composed by sp3-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral crystalline lattice structure [72]. The structure is accountable for the high thermal conductivity due to efficient heat conduction through phonon vibrations, which
- can reach 550 W·m−1·K−1 after sintering at high pressure [73]. Nevertheless, surface defects and the granular shape of the NDs represent boundaries for phonon transport reducing the thermal energy propagation [74]. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of NDs increases with the increment of
Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84
- thermistor region, can be fabricated in a single chemical vapor deposition process step. The thermistor resistance is mainly determined by the high junction resistances of the adjacent aligned CNTs. This configuration also provides low lateral thermal conductivity and a high temperature coefficient of
- for non-cryogenic IR microbolometer technology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as highly promising candidates [2] with broadband blackbody absorption [3], high resistance perpendicular to the CNT orientation [4], low lateral thermal conductivity [5], a high temperature coefficient of resistance
- applications [3]. The device resistance perpendicular to the CNT orientation is mainly determined by the high junction resistances of the neighboring aligned CNTs [4]. This configuration allows for high device resistance, low thermal conductivity, and high temperature coefficient of resistance, thus, enabling
Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80
- . The first transduction mechanism is known as charge modulation, in which charged biomolecule species bind to the surface of the gate insulator and modify the charge density of the channel surface, and thus the surface conductivity by Coulomb interaction. This acts as a gating mechanism, and
- concurrently shifts the threshold voltage and modifies the drain current via channel conductivity modulation. The difference between the current (threshold voltage) in the presence of biomolecules and the current without biomolecules is used to define the current sensitivity. The second transduction mechanism
- dielectric constant inside the cavity resulting in a gating effect modulation and subsequent alteration in channel conductivity. This leads to a change in both threshold voltage and drain current, manifesting the presence of target biomolecules in the cavity, and the corresponding sensitivity is defined
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