The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98

• Simon Krause,
• Volodymyr Bon,
• Hongchu Du,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski,
• Ulrich Stoeck,
• Irena Senkovska and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1737–1744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.169

• applications. This work thus extends the limited amount of studies on crystal size effects in flexible MOFs and hopefully motivates further investigations in this field. Keywords: crystal engineering; crystal size; flexible metal–organic frameworks; MOFs; water adsorption; Introduction In the past 20 years

• , research in the area of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has delivered various record-holding materials in terms of surface area [1] and gas storage [2] and has also given rise to unprecedented adsorption phenomena [3] often associated with structural transitions. An increasing number of the so-called

• flexible MOFs are being reported and their use in the areas of storage [4], separation [5] and sensing [6] of gases is being evaluated; their structural flexibility and adsorption behavior can be manipulated by applying chemical functionalization to the ligand [7] and metal cluster [8]. However, recent

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• well as two-dimensional molecular patterning, are briefly explained. In the following sections, several topics of materials nanoarchitectonics at liquid interfaces such as the preparation of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), the fabrication of multi

• synthesize two-dimensional materials. The recent developments of synthetic two-dimensional crystalline polymers (2DCPs), such as two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have unveiled their intriguing chemistry and properties, and have shown

• their potential for wide-ranging applications, such as electronics, sensing, catalysis, separation, and energy storage and conversion. However, most reported two-dimensional MOFs and COFs have been synthesised as powders, which are not easily processed into more useful forms due to their nature as cross

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• ]. In recent years, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been intensively investigated and widely utilized in various fields, such as electrocatalysis [14], heterogeneous catalysis [15] and photocatalysis [16]. Yang et al. [17] reported that Ga-MOF displayed moderate to high catalytic activity of

• knowledge, the synthesis of rod-like Ce-doped ZnO (abbreviated as CZO [9]) by pyrolysis derived from ZIF-8 (a zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF) has not been reported. As one of the most frequently used MOFs, ZIF-8 (2-methylimidazole zinc salt) has potential applications in gas storage, catalysis, etc

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• . Keywords: hydrophobic coating; Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films; metal organic framework (MOF); surface modification; UiO-66-COOH(Zr); Introduction Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are well-known, crystalline, porous materials formed by metal ions (or metallic clusters) and organic ligands coordinated in a pre

• ]. Moreover, several strategies which allow the introduction of different functional units into a single framework in a combinatorial fashion have been applied for MOF post-synthetic modification [4] in order tune and optimize MOF properties. All these features make MOFs very attractive for a wide variety of

• , which is especially interesting for the development of MOF-based devices that require the use of very small MOF quantities. In some recent studies, we have reported the fabrication at the air–water interface of dense monolayers of nanoparticles of MIL-101(Cr) and MIL-96(Al) MOFs that can be transferred

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• lack of porosity of this sample likely results from the interdigitation or mixing of the alkyl chains. These mesoporous metal oxide–phosphonate materials can be seen as a low-cost alternative to periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for applications in the field

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.9.275 Abstract Nanosized porphyrin-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) attract considerable attention as solid-state photosensitizers for biological applications. In this study, we have for the first time synthesised and

• ; Introduction Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline coordination polymers possessing potential voids. Their structures combine inorganic nodes, metal centres forming so-called secondary building units (SBU), with organic linkers. The diversity of possible SBUs coupled with organic linkers

• of variable geometry enables the preparation of a large number of structures with tuneable pore sizes, topologies, and chemical nature [1][2]. Among them, MOFs with photoactivatable properties such as luminescence and photosensitization of singlet oxygen, O2(1∆g), are particularly attractive [3][4][5

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• have also been sensitized by MOFs. A Zn-based zeolite imidazole framework (Pd@ZIF-8, ≈80 nm) embedded with Pd NPs (≈2 nm) was used as a catalyst-loading platform for the efficient functionalization of a PdO@ZnO complex catalyst onto SnO2 NTs. Dual sensitized PdO@ZnO hollow SnO2 NTs (PdO@ZnO–SnO2 NTs

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• supramolecular contacts surrounding the pore [2]. The beneficial role of hydroxy groups on SO2 adsorption was also observed in the case of flue gas adsorption on MOFs [8]. All these studies point to the fact that the presence of oxygen functionalities can certainly influence the SO2 adsorption characteristics of

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable cavities and tailorable chemistry have been demonstrated as precursors to generate TM-MCNs with various morphologies [16][17], it is still a significant challenge to prepare two-dimensional (2D) TM-MCNs derived from MOFs. TM-MCNs with 2D morphology are of

Tailoring the nanoscale morphology of HKUST-1 thin films via codeposition and seeded growth

• Landon J. Brower,
• Lauren K. Gentry,
• Amanda L. Napier and
• Mary E. Anderson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2307–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.230

• -organic frameworks (MOFs), composed of both metal ions and organic ligands, represent a class of extremely porous, crystalline materials with high surface area. Research has investigated their integration as thin films, namely surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks (surMOFs), into a wide variety of

• integration of MOFs into a range of thin film architectures. In contrast to the successful seeding via codeposited crystals for subsequent LBL deposition, initial attempts to use surMOF films formed by LBL as seed crystallites for codeposition were unsuccessful. In this case, neither increased film

Triptycene-terminated thiolate and selenolate monolayers on Au(111)

• Jinxuan Liu,
• Martin Kind,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Daniel Käfer,
• Stefanie Winkler,
• Wenhua Zhang,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 892–905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.91

• surface-mounted MOFs (SURMOFs). Recently, it has been shown that the growth of HKUST-1 on –COOH-terminated triptycene (Trp)-based SAMs proceeds along a different crystallographic axis than the growth on SAMs with a higher surface density of –COOH-functions, indicating that the surface density of –COOH

• selenolate with its stronger bond to gold [7][22][23][24][25] might open an opportunity to increase the temperature range for liquid epitaxy of MOFs. The insertion of a methylene spacer group between the anchor group and aromatic moieties has been reported to improve the structural quality of, e.g

Experimental techniques for the characterization of carbon nanoparticles – a brief overview

• Wojciech Kempiński,
• Szymon Łoś,
• Mateusz Kempiński and
• Damian Markowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1760–1766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.186

• to control the charge carrier transport (“tunable electrical conductivity”) was shown in porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with adsorbed guest molecules [9]. It was also shown that by appropriate choice of guest molecules, it is possible to control the charge (spin) transport in the nano

Quasi-1D physics in metal-organic frameworks: MIL-47(V) from first principles

• Danny E. P. Vanpoucke,
• Jan W. Jaeken,
• Stijn De Baerdemacker,
• Kurt Lejaeghere and
• Veronique Van Speybroeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1738–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.184

• dispersion along the the direction of the VO6 chains, similar as for other quasi-1D materials. Keywords: band structure; density functional theory (DFT); low-dimensional electronics; metal-organic frameworks (MOFs); MIL-47; Introduction Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) present a class of materials located

• and/or electronic ordering phenomena, are of great interest for technological applications. MOFs containing transition-metal oxides as nodes are therefore expected to show physically interesting behavior. For example Canepa et al. [36] investigated the MOF-74 frameworks with Fe, Ni and Co at their

• metal centers, and found quasi-1D ferromagnetic behavior with quenched antiferromagnetic inter-chain interactions. Stroppa et al. [40] and Wang et al. [41] investigated Cu-based MOFs with an ABX3 perovskite architecture and found these to exhibit quasi-1D multiferroic behavior. In both cases, Jahn

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

• study proposed using coordinatively unsaturated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as nano media to immobilize magnesium phenolate and/or Mg(TFSI)2/triglyme electrolytes (phenolates were found to be more soluble in triglyme than in tetrahydrofuran) [50]. As the phenolates were strongly interacting with the

Neutral and charged boron-doped fullerenes for CO₂ adsorption

• Suchitra W. de Silva,
• Aijun Du,
• Wijitha Senadeera and
• Yuantong Gu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 413–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.49

• years metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as solid CO2 adsorbent materials due to their tuneable chemical and physical properties. Particularly, there is growing interest for metal free carbon-based nanomaterials for gas adsorption. Carbon-based nanomaterials such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes

Site-selective growth of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks on self-assembled monolayer patterns prepared by AFM nanografting

• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Alexander Welle,
• Stefan Heißler,
• Christof Wöll and
• Hartmut Gliemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 638–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.71

• grown via LPE were investigated and characterized by atomic force microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared microscopy. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); metal-organic frameworks; nanografting; nanoshaving; SURMOF; Introduction Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly crystalline three

• -dimensional micro- and mesoporous materials that consist of metal ions or metal-oxo units (serving as nodes) interconnected by organic linkers. In conventional synthesis the MOFs are formed in a solvothermal process, and the reaction products precipitate in the form of crystalline powders [1][2]. One of the

• best-known MOFs is HKUST-1, first introduced by Chui et al. [3]. This MOF consists of “paddle wheels” formed by attaching 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate linkers to a Cu2+-dimer (see Figure 1a). Meanwhile several thousands of different MOF structures are documented in the literature [4]. The high variety

The oriented and patterned growth of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks onto functionalized surfaces

• Jinliang Zhuang,
• Jasmin Friedel and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 570–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.66

• , dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]­octane), the fluorescence of which depends on the loading of its nanopores, was synthesized in two forms: as free-flowing nanocrystals with different shapes and as surface-attached MOFs (SURMOFs). For the latter, we used self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) bearing functional

• -assembled monolayer; surface-attached metal–organic framework; Introduction Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a fascinating class of organic–inorganic hybrid materials with nanometer-sized pores. The size and density of the pores renders these materials with extraordinary large free volumes and inner

• surfaces, which are accessible by guest molecules. Based on this, MOFs have already demonstrated their potential for gas storage/separation [1], heterogeneous catalysis [2], molecular recognition [3], and sensing [4]. Some of these applications, such as gas storage, require the bulk preparation of the

Micro- and mesoporous solids: From science to application

• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 774–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.85

• , geometry and pore dimensions make these materials outstanding with respect to, e.g., catalytic reaction processes, in the area of sensorics, photonics and gas storage (Figure 1). In the realm of gas storage, mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) appeared on the scene a couple of years ago and have

On the reticular construction concept of covalent organic frameworks

• Binit Lukose,
• Agnieszka Kuc,
• Johannes Frenzel and
• Thomas Heine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 60–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.8

• preservation throughout the assembly process are the key factors that lead to the design and synthesis of reticular structures. One of the first families of materials synthesized using reticular chemistry were the so-called Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) [4]. They are composed of metal-oxide connectors, which

• are covalently bound to organic linkers. The coordination versatility of constituent metal ions along with the functional diversity of organic linker molecules has created immense possibilities. The immense potential of MOFs is facilitated by the fact that all building blocks are inexpensive chemicals

• , and that the synthesis can be carried out solvothermally. MOFs are commercially available, and the scale up of production is continuing. Since the discovery of MOFs, many other crystalline frameworks have been synthesized using reticular chemistry, such as Metal-Organic Polyhedra (MOP) [5], Zeolite