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Search for "drug" in Full Text gives 457 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106
- Michael addition; Introduction Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been the subject of an immense body of research in the field of biomedicine, where their magnetic properties are appealing for such applications as MRI contrast agents [1], tumor hyperthermia [2], and magnetic drug delivery [3
- targeting and drug payload delivery. The ability to chemically modify the ligand layer of IONPs, while maintaining their morphology and magnetic properties, is thus paramount to the preparation of functional IONPs. The use of highly selective conjugation reactions such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl
Nanomaterials for biomedical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105
- , Istanbul, Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.16.105 Keywords: biomedical applications; drug delivery; nanocarriers; nanomaterials; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; polymeric nanoparticles; tissue regeneration; Medicine has rapidly advanced over the last few decades, and nanotechnology has played a significant role in
- adverse effects and increasing the success rate of the delivery. Since nanomaterials can be tunable, the vast majority of health sectors are investigating their potential in a wide range of applications, such as targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, tissue regeneration, imaging, and diagnostic tools [2
- strength, more effective functioning, and biological compatibility [7]. Nanomaterials play a leading role in drug delivery and gene transportation. Older methods for drug delivery usually do work well, miss their intended targets, and cause unwanted side effects. Nanotechnology helps with this challenge by
Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104
Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98
- application of metalloantibiotics is limited by their potential toxicity, instability, and lack of target specificity. Encapsulating metalloantibiotics in drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, and polymeric carriers, could mitigate these challenges, enhancing their therapeutic index and
- .; Liu, G. Nanoscale 2025, 17, 5605–5628. doi:10.1039/D4NR04774E ]. This review explores the potential of encapsulated metalloantibiotics as a new frontier in antimicrobial therapy. We address the mechanisms by which drug delivery systems can stabilize and direct metalloantibiotics to their biological
- as a strategy to discover new antibiotic drugs [13]. In this context, the gold(I) antirheumatic drug Auranofin (RidauraTM) [14] was evaluated for its antibacterial activity, exerting potent antimicrobial effect against multiresistant strains [15]. The promising antibacterial profile of auranofin
Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97
- to high disability and mortality, and the exact mechanisms are still unclear. Current chemotherapy faces challenges, including non-specificity, toxicity to healthy cells, the development of stem-like cells, and the progression of multidrug resistance [1]. Drug resistance is a major obstacle in cancer
- therapy and is closely linked to alterations in cancer metabolism [2][3][4]. Changed metabolic pathways allow cancer cells to grow faster than usual, adapt to restricted nutrient conditions, and develop drug resistance [3]. There is still a gap in the efficacy of various cancer therapies despite numerous
- accumulation of lipid ROS. Ferroptosis clearly differs from necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy in terms of cellular morphology and function [7]. Recently, studies have indicated that ferroptosis can be utilized for cancer therapy since it effectively eliminates cancer cells and reverses drug resistance [8][9
Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92
- Imran Shair Mohammad Gizem Kursunluoglu Anup Kumar Patel Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq Cansu Umran Tunc Dilek Kanarya Mubashar Rehman Omer Aydin Yin Lifang Department of Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, California 91010, USA Nanothera Lab, Drug Application and
- utility, biomimetic nanoparticles hold great promise for advancing the field of cancer treatment. Keywords: biomimetic nanoparticles; homotypic binding; nanomaterials; targeted drug delivery; tumor therapy; Introduction Cancer is a complex disease, which involves numerous cells and their crosstalk with
- surrounding environment, including immunosuppression in T cells via PD-1/PD-L1 axis, recruitment of stem cells via CXCR4/CXCL2 chemokine axis, maturation of immune cells via membrane interactions, and various other physical/chemical interactions, uncover the emergence of cell membrane-based drug delivery
Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90
- - Vila Carli, Guarapuava – PR, Brazil Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.90 Abstract Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are an important tool for obtaining medicines with improved physicochemical properties, especially for drugs with
- stability, absorption, and biodistribution impairments. Among the DDSs, we can highlight hydrogels and nanogels, which are easy to obtain, show good biocompatibility, and have several applications in the design of drug carriers for dermal and ocular administration. In this review, we introduce a brief
- concept on hydrogels, underlining compounds such as chitosan and alginate, and methods used for their preparation. Nanogels, with their attractive features, such as high drug encapsulation and penetration enhancer embedding, are also addressed. Finally, the application of these systems in dermal
Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89
- its bioavailability and light absorption capacity will be increased [5]. To overcome this problem, the development of drug delivery systems, such as poloxamer-based ones, has played an important role on the delivery of dyes for PDT [8][9][10]. Poloxamers are triblock copolymers with thermosensitive
- self-assembly of monomers into micelles with a hydrophobic core of polypropylene oxide (PPO) and a hydrophilic corona of polyethylene oxide (PEO), creating an environment suitable for the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs such as PpIX [15]. These micelles enhance drug solubility, protect against
- aggregation, and improve bioavailability in aqueous media [5][16]. Additionally, at high concentrations, P407 can transition into more complex nanostructured systems, such as hydrogels and lyotropic liquid crystals, providing additional control over drug release and stability. The thermosensitive and self
Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78
- [30][31]. The piezoelectric property of 2D hBN arises from its noncentrosymmetric structure, supported by these van der Waals interactions [32]. The excellent biocompatibility of hBN makes it attractive for diverse applications, including cosmetics, drug delivery, cancer treatment, orthopedic implants
Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77
- ][182][183], fuel cells [184][185][186][187][188], batteries [189][190][191][192][193], supercapacitors [194][195][196][197][198], and other energy applications [199][200][201][202][203]. Furthermore, it is employed in environmental remediation [204][205][206][207][208], drug delivery [209][210][211
A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75
- Cristina Parisi Loredana Ferreri Tassia J. Martins Francesca Laneri Samantha Sollima Antonina Azzolina Antonella Cusimano Nicola D'Antona Grazia M. L. Consoli Salvatore Sortino Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare
- poorly active unconventional photoactivatable drug molecules [12][13][14] as well as efficient cages to inhibit undesired photodegradation of photosensitive conventional drugs [15]. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most extensively studied molecules in the fascinating realm of biomedical sciences. This
- in diameter with a polydispersity index (PI) of ca. 0.4 (inset Figure 1A). This means the sample has a moderate range of particle sizes, however suitable for drug delivery applications. Figure 1B shows the fluorescence emission spectra of a water solution of 1. Similar to the absorption, the spectrum
Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61
- structures especially under external sonication and mechanical stimuli. Reversible self-assembly of graphene-based nanosheets in water is essential to many applications, such as adsorption, photocatalysis, biosensing, drug delivery, aqueous paints, and multifunctional coatings [48][49][50]. Figure 6c
Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59
- size of the drug for easier swallowing. Simultaneously, all these compounds due to the iron content should exhibit magnetic properties that may potentially turn out to be interesting. Moreover, since all iron deficiency agents are commercial products and are mass produced, their properties can be
- deficiency drugs based on iron sucrose that differ from Venofer® in their manufacturing process, which translates into different final forms of the drug [17][18]. One of them is the diet supplement called Ferisan (Solinea Company, Poland), which is distinguished from Venofer®, in the pill form. Ferisan is a
- ], while peaks I with lower binding energies are most probably related to different numbers of oxygen atoms bound to Si atoms (most likely only two) [96][98]. The correlation of peaks I to SiO should be excluded as the binding energy of the bulk Si line is lower than 100 eV [95]. According to the drug
Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57
- Demian van Straten Luuk van de Schepop Rowan Frunt Pieter Vader Raymond M. Schiffelers CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands 10.3762/bjnano.16.57 Abstract Nanoparticles play a crucial role in drug delivery research. The protein corona that develops on the
- protein corona formation in vitro and prevent bias in LNP development. Keywords: apolipoprotein E; fetal calf serum; heat inactivation; lipid nanoparticle; protein corona; Introduction Nanotechnology has gained a strong foothold in the field of drug delivery, having significant promise to overcome the
- internalization of RNA molecules by target cells [23]. Several LNP encapsulated RNA-based therapeutics have achieved approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [24], including patisiran/Onpattro for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Onpattro LNPs are administered
Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56
- adsorbents from sustainable, cellulose-based materials derived from agricultural waste. Experimental Materials Tetracycline hydrochloride (97.2%), oxytetracycline dihydrate (98%), and chlortetracycline hydrochloride (94.6%), all sourced from the Institute of Drug Quality Control, Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam
Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55
- viability even at high curcumin concentrations. Keywords: antioxidant; cannabidiol; curcumin; drug; food additive; low degradation; nanoparticle; pulsed laser ablation in liquids; solubilization; Introduction Laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has become increasingly popular over the last
- extraction methods, exemplified by extraction from coffee powders [10] and alkaloid drug extraction from ground root powder [11]. Initially, LSPC research focused on inorganic materials such as metals [12][13], semiconductors [1], and oxides [14][15], where the particle formation mechanisms are well
- ]. The LFL of lipophilic drugs is of particular interest in improving their dissolution properties and oral absorption. Better dissolution properties and dissolution rates lead to a higher saturation limit, which allows one to reduce the required amount of the drug [38]. However, for sensitive active
Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51
- of variation represents a quantitative methodology for evaluating nuclear DNA signal heterogeneity. This analytical approach has demonstrated utility in measuring alterations in DNA compaction following drug treatments or genetic modifications that influence chromatin architecture [43]. PDL cells
Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50
- analysis. APT-loaded SLNs were prepared by the precipitation method and characterized by physicochemical studies including particle size and zeta potential measurements, drug content, encapsulation efficiency and solubility studies, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron
- microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), in vitro drug release in 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.2) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), and pharmacokinetic studies. The optimal formulation (APT-CD-NP4) containing the highest
- concentration of β-CD showed the highest drug solubility (93.50% ± 3.73%) in PBS (pH 7.4) and drug content (96.75% ± 0.24%); particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of APT-CD-NP4 were 121.1 ± 0.72 nm, −18.8 ± 0.94 mV, and 0.15 ± 0.35, respectively. SEM analysis showed that APT was converted from
A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48
- antidyslipidemic properties in vivo [4][5][6]. EOs are volatile components that are sensitive to temperature, light, oxygen, and humidity [7]. Therefore, it is recommended to use them in drug delivery systems, such as nanostructured systems, which are able to guarantee stability and a better therapeutic effect
- exposed to different shear forces [22][23]. The parameters of rheological properties are essential in the classification and characterization of semisolids and fluids, and in the greater understanding of drug release from pharmaceutical forms [22]. Thus, the rheological behavior of M7-EOCF at two
- of MEs is advantageous when taken orally as it facilitates oral application and dose adjustment; it also improves absorption and bioavailability. Additionally, MEs can be administered to humans as self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) delivered in soft gelatin capsules as they are low
Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46
- the development of implants, medical devices, and drug delivery systems that solve challenging issues from health to medicine [5]. Because of innovations in tissue engineering, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology, scientists can now see into the innermost functions of living organisms with a level
- ]. Nanofibers are considered promising materials because of their size and structure, making them suitable for drug delivery, tissue engineering, tissue scaffolding, and other biomedical applications [12]. They exhibit distinct chemical and physical properties that distinguish them from macroscale structures
- , SF, cellulose, and collagen, along with their composites and derivatives can be electrospun [58]. Electrospinning has emerged as a versatile technique investigated across various fields, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, filtration, wound dressings, self-cleaning surfaces, biotechnology
Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45
- combustion mode where the fuel and oxidizer are thoroughly mixed before ignition. LPG is a cheap industrial material used as a carbon source to produce carbon nanomaterials [6]. The application of CNFs includes, but is not limited to, energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors, electronics, drug
Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44
- amyloid oligomers has garnered significant attention over time, primarily because of three key observations related to drug candidates for AD therapy. These observations are (i) ineffectiveness of plaque-targeting therapies, that is, therapeutic agents that focus solely on the removal of amyloid plaques
- or amyloid fibrils have not demonstrated substantial improvements in patients’ cognitive behaviors; (ii) efficacy of oligomer-targeting drugs, that is, drug candidates that specifically target amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) have shown greater clinical effectiveness in treating AD patients; and (iii
- early detection and the identification of reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Moreover, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant obstacle to effective drug delivery, further hindering the development of successful treatments. Nanomaterials (NMs) offer promising solutions for the early
Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35
- including electrode materials [1], conductive pastes [2][3], catalysts [4][5], sensors [6][7][8], and drug delivery systems [9]. The chemical reduction [10] and the solvothermal methods [11][12] are well known for synthesizing nanoparticles in large quantities at low cost, but these methods require the use
Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34
- latter ssASO drug contains 2′-O-2-methoxyethyl modifications, which allow for the inclusion of exon 7 in the gene SMN2. This promotes the production of SMN protein, ameliorating the symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy [40]. ASO-based therapeutics have demonstrated great potential in the expansion of
- patient-personalised therapies [41][42]. In 2019, Kim et al. pioneered the development of milasen, a ssASO drug tailored to a single patient affected by a rare form of Batten’s disease, and its clinical efficiency was successfully proven [43]. Despite significant progress in the discovery of novel
- in ASO-based therapies. Some promising strategies to overcome these limitations involve the conjugation of ASOs with peptides [53], polymers [54], aptamers [55], and antibodies [56], as well as the development of novel drug delivery systems [57][58]. This review discusses the challenges associated
Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31
- size can cause cellular damage or prevent membrane permeation for drug delivery [10]. Therefore, a fine and reproducible size control during NP synthesis is essential. Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) allows for the synthesis of colloidal NPs offering numerous advantages, such as being
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