Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• and Electronics of RAS, 125009 Moscow, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.16.112 Abstract Increasing the efficiency of quantum processors is possible by moving from two-level qubits to elements with a larger computational base. An example would be a transmon-based superconducting atom, but the new basic elements

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• Josephson contacts [13]. These nanomaterials are widely used [17][18][19] in the creation of individual qubits and quantum computers in general, superconducting microcircuits and interferometers, single photon detectors [20] and other devices of quantum electronics and spintronics. Mathematical Model for

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• , Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea 10.3762/bjnano.16.109 Abstract Transient electronics are emerging as a promising class of devices designed to disappear after a defined

• stimulators, and drug delivery vehicles, as well as environmentally benign electronics for soil or aquatic disposal. Despite their potential, key challenges remain in expanding the material set for diverse functionalities, achieving high-density integration for advanced operations, and enabling precise

• lifetime control through strategies such as protective encapsulation. This Perspective outlines critical opportunities and technical directions to guide the development of next-generation transient electronic systems. Keywords: biodegradable/bioresorbable electronics; biodegradable materials

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• Prakash Yadav Boddepalli SanthiBhushan Anurag Srivastava Advanced Material Research Group, Department of Engineering Sciences, ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, MP-474015, India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• fit on the base of a commercial MultiMode AFM system (Nanoscope V electronics, Bruker AXS SAS, Santa Barbara, CA). The fast-scanning AFM head and control electronics were designed in-house and built according to the details in [36][37][38]. Images were acquired using LabView-based software as

• µm were captured at 1 Hz scanning speed by using a MultiMode AFM with Nanoscope V electronics (Bruker AXS SAS, Santa Barbara, CA) controlled with Nanoscope 9.2 software (Build R2Sr1.130547). Scans were made in PeakForce tapping mode at 2 kHz tapping frequency using a PNP-TRS pyrex-nitride probe

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• Agata Obstarczyk Urszula Wawrzaszek Wroclaw University of Science & Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.16.81 Abstract In this paper, comparative studies of selected properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• molecules and their two-dimensional films. The structure and quality of the films are pivotal parameters for any molecular electronics application, thus making them indispensable for the development of nanoscale electronic devices. In particular, these findings on the controlled self-assembly of

• materials nanoarchitectonics, spanning the fields of electronics and medicine. Gel nanoarchitectonics Gels are representative soft materials that exhibit flexibility and softness. They are soft and flexible substances comprising polymers and molecular aggregates that are predominantly solvated and

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• , including their derivatives, are broadly explored for miscellaneous applications, such as energy storage/conversion, EMI shielding, biosensing, optoelectronics, robotics, flexible electronics, paint industries, textile industries, biomedical devices [5][6][7]. To be specific, the innovation of graphene

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• producing hybrid materials which combine these two forms of carbon [1][2][3]. In particular, such graphene-on-diamond heterostructures have been shown to be attractive for power electronics [4][5], microelectronic devices [6][7], and detectors [7][8]. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, carbon in

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• -scale information about material behavior under different conditions. This thorough understanding can be leveraged to optimize materials for various applications, including energy storage, catalysis, and electronics. This review focuses on cerium oxide, an important material for catalytic and energy

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• downsizing, and low power consumption, self-powered photodetectors, which have numerous uses in the military, civilian purposes, and notably those related to green technology and flexible electronics have been increasingly popular in recent years [33][62]. This greatly interested us in this area and

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• technologies associated with electronics, energy conversion and storage, and many other fields due to their unique physical properties which may open unforeseen doors for technical and performance advances [5][6][7][8]. The full chain of steps necessary for the implementation of nanostructured materials in

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• substrate temperature appears crucial for achieving desirable superconducting performance, making these films promising candidates for applications in superconducting electronics. Experimental TaN thin films were synthesized while systematically varying substrate temperature within the 700–850 °C range and

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• ; quantitative force spectroscopy; scanning capacitance force microscopy; Introduction Technological progress in fields including electronics, energy storage, photonics, and biomedical devices would not have been possible without the development of new materials. Progress in these areas requires a detailed

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• combustion mode where the fuel and oxidizer are thoroughly mixed before ignition. LPG is a cheap industrial material used as a carbon source to produce carbon nanomaterials [6]. The application of CNFs includes, but is not limited to, energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors, electronics, drug

• great importance. Defective CNFs are utilized to build composites with specific thermal conductivities as part of thermal insulation materials. They can also be used to make materials that combine strength and flexibility, for example, in electronics or damping devices. The presence of defects in CNFs

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• system (Physical Electronics) with an Al Kα (1486.7 eV) beam and a 124 mm hemispherical electron analyzer. X-ray absorption near-edge structure experiments were performed at PIRX beamline [15] in the SOLARIS synchrotron facility in Poland [16], focusing on Zn L2,3 and O K edges in total electron yield

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• ], sensors [5], and catalysts [6][7][8]. Nanostructured thin films grown via low-pressure deposition methods have garnered significant attention because of their diverse applications in electronics, optics, catalysis, and sensors [9]. The ability to precisely control properties such as morphology

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• they were fabricated using a low-temperature co-precipitation method. The resulting Ag@ZnO NRs had good optical properties, nanorod morphologies, and high crystallinity with no impurities. Technological advancements are leading people to use lightweight electronics and affordable sensors

• medicine, electronics, environmental remediation, and energy [10][11]. The use of certain metal dopants to modify the chemical, optical, and electrical features of a material has gained considerable interest in the realm of semiconductor technology. A recent study has conducted thorough investigations into

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• tip displacement and vibration modes that might occur for tip heights longer than 400 μm [22]. A Pt/Ir tip is chosen such that it does not oxidize in reaction conditions. Electronics and data acquisition The tunneling current is collected using a preamplifier (DLPCA-200 preamp, Femto Messtechnik GmbH

• signal analyzer. The tip motion and the feedback loop are controlled by electronics from RHK technology. A phase-locked loop is employed for locking the phase between the AC drive signal to the QTF and the signal input. When the phase is locked, the resonance frequency of the tuning fork will shift as

• the tip interacts with the surface. Amplitude, frequency, and phase are measured. These signals are then fed into the electronics for monitoring and feedback options. The RHK software (R9 plus) allows for various user controls, that is, setpoint (frequency shift for AFM feedback or current for STM

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• synthesized with metals and nonmetals or heterojunctions. Table 3 below provides comprehensive details and a concise overview of the latest research on bismuth-based photocatalysts used to eliminate antibiotics from wastewater. Bi2O3 is a widely utilized semiconductor in the fields of electronics and chemical

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• Physical Electronics (Chanhassen, MN, USA), equipped with a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source. The binding energy was calibrated based on the C 1s peak at 284.6 eV. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analyses were carried out by using the Applied Spectra J200 equipment. The clay samples were

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• for experimental work regarding better performance. Simulation Methodology and Device Structure SCAPS-1D (a solar cell capacitance simulator) is an application program in one-dimensional C code developed at the Electronics and Informative Systems Department of Gent University, Belgium. It facilitates

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• Roopa Hegde Punya Prabha V Shipra Upadhyay Krishna S B Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSRIT Post, M S Ramaiah Nagar, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560054, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.9 Abstract This paper reports simulation of a carbon monoxide gas

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• electronic transition, making them suitable for further applications in photocatalysis, electronics, and optoelectronics. Photocatalytic study ZnO NPs were utilized in a photocatalytic degradation test to reduce the concentration of the harmful dye methylene blue (MB). A solution containing 20 mg of ZnO NP