Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• -uniform energy distribution, which will affect plasma generation and confinement, the hydrodynamic trajectory of the ejected target material and pressure relaxation, as well as plasma and cavitation bubble propagation and temporal evolution. In the case of a Bessel beam, the focusing with an axicon

• influence CB evolution. These parameters strongly affect size and morphology of the forming NPs. In general, the dynamics of the CBs [38] is described by a modified Rayleigh–Plesset equation [39], which considers the pressure and size of CBs depending on parameters of both liquid (surface tension, density

• , viscosity, and temperature) and laser (pulse duration, fluence, and beam shape). A change of the incident beam pattern will therefore change the temperature and pressure inside the CBs and influence the bubble oscillations. We consider that the formation, evolution, and collapse of CBs are influenced by the

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• , electrochemical/photoelectrochemical sensors, hydrogen/oxygen evolution, SERS sensors and other types of devices reported so far. The last section explains the challenges and further scope of these devices from laser-generated nanocolloids. Keywords: HER/OER/water splitting; laser synthesis of nanomaterials

• foundational understanding, without investigating the extensive details that other reviews have already explored. The fundamental chemical and physical aspects of pulsed laser ablation (PLA) processes, with a focus on the evolution of material from the target to the deposited film, were explained by Ashfold et

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• evolution of research fields [27]. Bibliometric data were collected from the “Web of Science” (WOS) database to ensure comprehensive coverage and avoid the omission of relevant articles indexed in only one source. The data collection spanned January 2017 to December 2024, with the search process initiated

• composition, MPs, rice biochar, enrichment, dissolved organic carbon, and modified biochar. As depicted in Figure 3a, the clustering and proximity of these items indicate frequent co-citation among the publications. Their temporal evolution is visualized in Figure 3b, while Figure 3c shows the frequency and

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• ]. After 100 years of evolution, electrodes have become ubiquitous across numerous industries including medical diagnostics, food safety, agricultural and environmental monitoring, bioprocess management, and more [2]. Despite the differences in design and function, all electrodes share similar requirements

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• microscopy (FESEM) images highlighted the evolution of the surface morphology under different fabrication conditions. The transition from two-dimensional plate-like BiOI crystals to three-dimensional BiVO4 particles was accompanied by the formation of submicrometer-scale voids, indicative of grain growth and

• perfectly follow the crystallite size evolution. For instance, BiVO4(326) exhibits the largest crystallite size (≈40 nm) but has smaller surface particle aggregates (200–300 nm) than BiVO4(324). This mismatch arises because the particles observed via SEM are often composed of multiple crystalline grains

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• have emerged as promising alternatives for various medical purposes, including skin [7], nasal [4], and eye [8] applications. The evolution of ocular contact lenses, for example, has benefited from the development of hydrogels [9][10]. Hydrogels can be described as cross-linked polymeric networks

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• decomposition [4], oxygen evolution reactions (OER) [14], oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) [15], in CO oxidation [16], and in CO2 and CO reduction [17]. This high activity in catalysis has been attributed to adsorption energy distribution patterns (AEDP) during catalytic reactions [18], which may be tuned based

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• exhibit diverse responses to external stimuli is on the rise [6][7][8][9][10]. The field of materials chemistry is undergoing a transition from a focus on hard, robust materials to a greater emphasis on softer, more mouldable substances. This shift is actually reasonable as observed in the evolution of

• . Additionally, they can be employed as precursors to produce CaFe2O4 thin films upon calcination. The resulting transparent solution is coated and subjected to calcination/annealing to form mesoporous thin films. The mesoporous films display excellent performance in the oxygen evolution reaction. It would be

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• supramolecular complex 1·2 in water at λexc = 532 nm for time intervals from 0 to 300 min; [1] = 50 µM; [2] = 40 µM. The arrows indicate the course of the spectral profile with the illumination time. The inset shows the difference absorbance changes at λ = 390 nm. (B) Evolution of the fluorescence emission

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• because of their capability of visualizing atomic-scale structure evolution. In this section, we focus on the time-resolved electron scattering technique, also known as ultrafast electron diffraction (UED). We review the fundamental principles of this technique and present an example of its application in

• , the temperature difference between the hot NPs and the surrounding liquid drives heat transfer from the NPs to the liquid environment. This heat transfer process impacts the thermal equilibrium within the NPs, thereby shaping their phase evolution pathway. Furthermore, the non-thermal effects that

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• , corresponding to . Since the bottom surface is inaccessible, only the evolution of the MCI* over time is considered. If the MCI* approaches as time progresses, the mitochondrion tends toward a more spherical shape. Figure 3d presents a bar graph of the MCI* for the four data sets. The time elapsed between the

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• a change of the tip-terminating cluster (i.e., a tip change) and a distance-dependent contrast evolution for a stable tip. Tip changes are inevitable in NC-AFM experiments with non-functionalized tips, especially as commonly used silicon tips are very reactive and readily pick up various entities

• * for a positively terminated tip and C2 and C4 for a negatively terminated tip. The distance-dependent contrast evolution [10] is summarized along the vertical columns in Figure 1. This figure additionally includes markers for tip changes as demonstrated in this work: Black solid arrows mark contrast

• reduced tip–sample distance. While the evolution of contrast mode C2 to C4 is readily explained by the distance-dependence of imaging CaF2(111) with a negative tip [10], this series clearly shows the change from a previously positively terminated tip to a negatively terminated tip finally attaining a

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• PECVD SiO2 corroborates the broader size distribution obtained from our fitting analysis. The reduced number of oscillations in PECVD SiO2 1D scattering intensity corresponds to the absence of secondary scattering features in the 2D scattering image as described above. Figure 5 presents the evolution of

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• software. Raman analysis was conducted using a LabRAM HR Evolution spectrometer (Horiba Ltd., Kyoto, Japan). The spectra were excited with a 514 nm laser at a power of 1.9 mW. The laser beam was focused to a diameter of about 1 μm using an LMPlan FL 50×/0.50 Olympus objective. All measurements were carried

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• optoelectronic devices [11]. Thus, a detailed study of the evolution of phonon modes is needed to utilize implanted ZnO films effectively in such devices. The activation of Raman modes in implanted films depends on various implantation parameters, namely, ion energy, mass, and fluence. The origin of these

• optical phonon modes is ascribed to the formation of oxygen vacancies, which are supposed to be electron carriers in ZnO. Therefore, the evolution of the A1 (LO) mode acts as indirect evidence of a rise in carrier concentration, which can in turn alter the optical bandgap. Moreover, the presence of

• . [12] observed the evolution of symmetry-forbidden and A1 (LO) modes in 120 MeV Au9+ ion-irradiated ZnO films. Ying et al. [13] described an A1 (LO) mode in the Raman spectra of energy-dependent and dose-dependent krypton ion-implanted ZnO film after varying the fluence in the range from 5 × 1013 to

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• ), the intensity of the Ce3+-related feature at ≈2 eV decreases with photon exposure, while when oxygen is reintroduced (red spectrum Figure 3b), its intensity re-increases. The comparison of the time evolution of the Zr4+-related 3d5/2 μ-XPS intensity acquired on a Ce0.4Zr0.6O2−x and on a ZrO2 film is

• progressively higher intensity of the Ce3+-related features (Figure 6b,c). This evidence, combined with the evolution of the Cu oxidation state and with gas chromatography, suggested that at moderate temperatures, H2 dissociation is favored by the presence of Cu1+ sites, and at higher temperatures, water is

• ) Evolution of the Zr4+ 3d5/2 intensity as a function of photon exposure time for a Ce0.4Zr0.6O2−x and a ZrO2 film. Adapted from [39], Surface Science, vol. 682, by M. Allan; D. Grinter; S. Dhaliwal; C. Muryn; T. Forrest; F. Maccherozzi; S.S. Dhesi; G. Thornton, “Redox behaviour of a ceria–zirconia inverse

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• an ion current of 250 pA to obtain a smooth surface. The image was acquired using a TESCAN AMBER (TESCAN Ltd., Brno, Czech Republic) microscope at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV in secondary electron mode. Raman spectra were recorded using a LabRAM HR Evolution spectrometer (Horiba, Kyoto, Japan

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• 700000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.16.63 Abstract The advancement of affordable, ultrastable, and efficient electrode materials for basic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) plays a crucial role in industrial hydrogen manufacture, resolving problems caused by carbon dioxide emissions. Ni-based

• catalysts were recognized as the best material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) [11][12][13]. However, it is challenging to use Pt-based nanomaterials for industrial applications because of their non-abundance and high cost. As a result, many studies have explored Pt-free catalysts

• distribution in materials were studied using EDX. The Raman spectra were studied using a LabRAM-HR Evolution Raman microscope with a laser wavelength of 532 nm. The composition of the thin films was investigated using XPS on a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha XPS system. Electrochemical measurements The HER catalytic

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• be presented later in the FTIR and Raman results and analysis and XPS results and analysis sections. Dissolved samples The evolution of the magnetic properties of FS0 with the dissolution time is shown in Figure 8. Figure 8a depicts ZFC–FC relations measured at 50 Oe for all our samples. It can be

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• point T is higher than that of point L. The difference between the work functions of these points in the KPFM results is about 0.06 V, which is consistent with the VBM results. Conclusion Our work aimed at providing control of the surface evolution of thin specimens of CrCl3, contributing to

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• capabilities in the characterization of nanostructured materials, it is worth spending a few sentences about the future of this technique in the light of the very fast evolution of synchrotron sources towards diffraction-limited performance. Two main parameters that characterize the SPEM technique are its

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• superconducting films. Keywords: epitaxial growth; SQUID; structural evolution; superconductivity; TaN thin films; Introduction Superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon characterized by the complete absence of electrical resistance in certain materials when cooled below a critical superconducting

• temperature on the structural evolution of TaN thin films deposited on MgO(100) substrates was investigated using XRD and TEM. Figure 3 shows the XRD patterns of TaN films deposited at various temperatures, revealing critical insights into phase development, crystallinity, and epitaxial growth as the

• intermediate stage of structural evolution, where the cubic δ-TaN phase begins to dominate the overall microstructure. At 750 °C, the XRD patterns show a further increase in the dominance of the cubic δ-TaN phase, indicating a structural transition towards a more stable phase at higher temperatures. The β-TaN

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• investigated using a polarized light microscope (Olympus model BX51) equipped with a digital camera (Evolution LC Color). For analysis, a drop of the sample, undiluted, was placed on a glass slide, covered with a coverslip and analyzed under polarized light at 20,000× magnification [24]. The rheological

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• Zn2SiO4 phase facilitates the re-emergence of the B1 phase under higher fluence. For the CZ900_113Ag sample subjected to Ag irradiation, both the B2 phase and the Zn2SiO4 phase exhibit complete amorphization due to irradiation-induced damage, precluding any observable evolution of the B1 phase

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• deformations. Surprisingly, the stability of triangular pores with N–H termination is significantly increased by the addition of B–H pairs, whereas the stability of triangular pores with B–H termination is decreased by the addition of N–H pairs, indicating a distinct evolution of the pore shape based on the