Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• nanometals can be swiftly heated to temperatures around 100 °C using low-energy laser pulses of specific wavelength. This rapid heating effectively evaporates a limited amount of water in the adjacent nanoscale region, forming vapor nanobubbles (VNBs) (see below in Figure 2c) [50]. The swift expansion and

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• ultrastructural changes in macrophages, providing nanoscale insights into inflammation. The efficiency of gold NP (AuNP)-loaded macrophages as a targeted delivery system was tested in an ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model. Findings showed significant macrophage–NP interactions, highlighting the potential of

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, USA Seven Past Nine GmbH, Rebacker 68, 79650 Schopfheim, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.7 Abstract Nanosafety assessment, which seeks to evaluate the risks from exposure to nanoscale materials, spans materials synthesis and

• approach and the tool are highlighted. Keywords: data collection and quality control; data provenance; experimental workflow visualisation; FAIR; nanomaterial life cycle stages; study design; Introduction The manipulation of matter at the nanoscale and the emergence of nanoscale materials, whose

• taken up and continued in MACRAMÉ and other recently funded advanced materials projects. As demonstrated here, the use of instance maps to visualise material transformations has evolved into a powerful tool that extends beyond curation and beyond engineered nanoscale materials. Indeed, researchers have

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• , is nowadays a well-established tool for the investigation of nanoscale phenomena. The technique is steadily developed to increase accuracy, precision, and versatility; some of these developments are presented in contributions to this thematic issue. Along these lines, Dickbreder et al. address the

• not involving any tip–surface interaction. The measurement of electrostatic properties at the nanoscale emerged as a most relevant subfield of atomic force microscopy, especially driven by electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and closely related techniques

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• ], heavy metal removal [11][12], sensor technologies [13][14][15][16], and biomedical applications [17]. Nanoscale materials represent a thriving field of research with a wide range of potential applications. Today, it is generally recognized that properties like hardness, reactivity, toxicity, and optical

• response are intricately linked to factors such as the chemical composition, particle size, structure, and geometry of these materials [18][19][20]. Hence, it is generally undesirable for nanoscale materials to undergo structural alterations because of environmental exposure or to change their properties

Precursor sticking coefficient determination from indented deposits fabricated by electron beam induced deposition

• Alexander Kuprava and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 35–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.4

• ; Introduction Nanoscale fabrication of free-form structures via methods like focused electron or ion beam induced deposition (FEBID/FIBID) requires precise beam control and sufficient knowledge of key properties of the precursor material used [1]. In addition, a reliable prediction of the expected deposit shape

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• manipulation of matter on a nanoscale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nm [2]. At this scale, nanoparticles can effectively interact with DNA and protein molecules [3][4]. Matter can exhibit distinct physical, chemical, and biological properties at the nanoscale compared to the macroscale, with significant

• therapeutical characteristics as demonstrated in Figure 1-1. In the field of drug delivery, properties such as size, surface-to-volume ratio, and biocompatibility have driven the development of nanoscale-based devices [6][7][8][9]. Nanocompounds offer a strategic approach to addressing or at least improving the

• new opportunity for personalized therapies [12][18][19]. Here, we explored the implications of biomimetic nanostructured carriers and their applications in human health. Biomimetic Nanocarriers The principle of biomimetic nanocarriers involves coating nanoscale carriers with materials capable of

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• its composition [14][15][16]. The nanoscale level of the spatial organisation of mucilage observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the complexity of the mucilage with special features, such as 3D organisation of polysaccharides in a net-like structure [7][13]. In the last years, the

• diaspore (seeds and fruits) mucilage envelope produced by different plants (monocotyledons and dicotyledons) [2][4][6][16][22][36][37]. The mucilage envelope can be described as nanoscale 3D self-assembled fibrillar network, which is able to entrap water and to form a so-called molecular gel after

• and its compression to a transparent, thin layer tightly adhering to substrates (stone or glass). In this form of mucilage, long, tangled or parallel organised cellulose fibrils can be recognised under the high magnification of a SEM [7][13][73]. The observation of the 3D nanoscale organisation of the

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• challenges associated with human health. Nanotechnology offers great opportunities in medicine because of the physicochemical properties at the nanoscale. There are efforts to apply unique quantum phenomena at the nanoscale in the fields of medicine, biomedical sciences, bioengineering, food technology

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• their feathers, yielding a similar effect [13]. West African Gaboon vipers exhibit dorsal patches of black scales with microscale leaf-like elevations and nanoscale ridges that result in ultrablack colors [14][15]. These examples suggest that microstructure-assisted ultrablack colors are naturally

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• ; read-across; QSPR; round-robin test; zeta potential; Introduction Nanotechnology, defined as the ability to manipulate matter at the nanoscale, has opened an array of possibilities for multiple applications that take advantage of the unique properties of nanomaterials (NMs). From targeted drug

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• materials and in particular molecular materials. In this section, we will discuss a case study related to the implementation of simulation workflows for investigations of the properties of molecular materials and nanoscale molecular aggregates. To this end, we will use MAMBO classes and relationships that

• suggests, silver, copper oxide, and titanium oxide [73]. ASCOT assists in the generation of high-quality digital twins of materials and the computation of relevant molecular descriptors. Nanotube Modeler is a software tool designed to create three-dimensional coordinates for various nanoscale carbon

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• atoms. These defects can significantly alter the structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of materials. This prompts the questions: How do radiation-induced defects influence first-order phase transformations in nanoscale systems? Can radiation-induced defects initiate polymorphic transitions

• HDCMs’ behavior under irradiation. Recently, we attempted to adapt Shen’s model for polymorphic transformations in nanoscale Fe systems (conference report, providing an initial approximation to the formulation of the problem) [19]. However, certain assumptions raise doubts about the results, namely, (i

• factors in a comprehensive thermodynamic approximation. As our model system, we selected a spherical nanoscale particle in an inert medium, for which we utilized the parameters necessary for calculations. Our aim is to investigate the effects of powder dispersion, surface energies of phases, and vacancy

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• precursors that are transiently adsorbed on a substrate surface [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Charged-particle-induced deposition techniques offer control over process parameters such as particle position, energy, beam current, and flux, allowing for the formation of nanoscale patterns. Since they are direct-write

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• intelligence and internet of things [15][16][17]. Particularly during material fabrication processes, it has been discovered that ZnO exhibits many interesting structures in the nanoscale, such as rods, wires, rings, tubes, helixes, stars, bows, propellers, and cages [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Together with

• , e) pencils (P1 and P2), (f, g) pins (Pi1 and Pi2), and (h) rods with wires (RW). (a–d) SEM pictures of nanoscale tetrapods (T1–T4) with different morphologies. A micrograph showing ZnO multipods grown via CVD. SEM pictures of (a, b) CVD-grown nanosheets, and (c) sheets glued with long nanorods. SEM

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• with a fluid similar to blood [24]. AFM is a technique that provides topographical information through a nanoscale probe [25]. After each successive layer of the coating the topography of the surface will change and can be measured via AFM. SFG is a surface-sensitive non-linear spectroscopic technique

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• nanostructures are obtained by using small nanoscale blocks. The hydrothermal synthesis method, which is a bottom-up method, is generally used in the synthesis of CDs. A very wide range of source materials, simple reaction equipment, and easy control of reaction conditions are the features that make this method

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• materials and devices that replicate the efficiency and functionality of insect body structures, driving progress in medical technology, robotics, environmental monitoring, and beyond. Keywords: arthropods; bio-inspired surfaces; bioengineering; cuticle; nanoscale structures; Introduction The body

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• nanostructures. Experimenting at the nanoscale requires instruments with sufficient resolution and sensitivity to measure various properties of nanostructures. Such measurements (regardless of the nature of the quantities being measured) are particularly problematic in the case of free-standing nanostructures

• surface or reduced capacitance) are brought by volumetric, self-standing electronic nanostructures, which provide an experimental basis for their own properties and can serve as building blocks for nanoscale devices, in which phenomena such as giant piezoresistivity, single-electron tunnelling, or field

• actuation mechanism. This opens the possibility to perform both electrical and mechanical measurements of nanostructures, in particular, free-standing nanostructures, which are the most interesting for their mechanical and electrical properties combined in nanoscale phenomena [28][29][30]. The requirements

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). Folic acid-targeted and drug-conjugated C’ dots for enhanced tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy. (A) Schematic illustration outlining the nanoscale architecture of

• is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Radiolabeled and anti-HER2-targeted C’ dots for diagnosis and treatment of HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer. (A) Schematic illustration outlining the nanoscale architecture of multifunctional C’ dots. (B, C) Tumor uptake comparison between targeted and non-targeted C

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• range of substances that can be categorized as carbon-based, metal oxides, semiconductors, polymers, clays, emulsions, or metals [2]. Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are metallic oxides that exist within the nanoscale range and can be intentionally created or occur naturally [3]. Under the rapid

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• . Keywords: focused electron beam-induced deposition; precursor; silver nanostructures; Introduction Direct writing with an electron beam allows for single-step and maskfree 3D printing of sophisticated nanostructures at the nanoscale [1][2][3][4]. The process relies on the electron beam-induced

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• targeting; hepatic fibrosis; nanocarriers; nanomedicine; passive targeting; Introduction Over the last three decades, we have witnessed tremendous progress in the field of nanomedicine through the preparation of a vast number of nanoscale (bio)materials. Nanomedicine itself is defined as the biomedical

• application of nanoscale systems with unique physicochemical properties, including small size, large specific surface area, high reactivity, and quantum effects of the nanoparticles (NPs) [1][2]. Nanomedicine is specifically designated for therapeutics (drug delivery), diagnostics, and imaging, as well as for

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• of humidity sensing is the use of nanoparticles, particularly alginate-based nanoparticles. One research presented an autoregulatory system for humidity sensing employing a nanoscale wrinkle-patterned hydrogel with programmable feedback cycle. The wrinkled pattern monitors humidity fluctuations, and

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• by re-irradiation of mixed colloidal suspensions, as demonstrated by Compagnini et al. [18]. Additionally, Zhang et al. [19] reported the LML approach to synthesize germanium submicron spheres from picosecond (ps) laser irradiation of Ge powders containing nanoscale and microscale particles. Maximova