Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• efficiency. Generally, dendrimer growth on CNT surfaces requires pre-functionalization through radiation or chemical oxidation processes involving strong acids and oxidants [31][32][33][34][35]. However, these processes can damage CNTs, thus diminishing their core properties and generating large amounts of

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• )phosphine (THPP, Figure 1h). We probe cross-reactivities in the CuAAC and thiol–maleimide Michael addition reactions using two dyes, Cy5-azide (Figure 1i) and Cy3-maleimide (Figure 1j), respectively. Oxidation of 3,4-DHBA forms an o-quinone (Figure 1a), which has a greatly diminished affinity for the IONP

• a carboxylate–ammonium ionic bond. For our purposes, it is important to acknowledge the reactivity of the 3,4-DHBA ligands we are using and their potential oxidation products towards common functional groups. The reactivity of quinones towards amines and thiols is well established, although thiols

• ·M−1) is taken into consideration [65][66]. This suggests that the availability of thiols on the IONP-CySH surface is much lower than that of the alkynes on IONP-PPA. One possible explanation for this is oxidation of CySH to its disulfide form, CySS. The resulting disulfide, which is not reactive

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• quenching, and the challenges of oxidation in nanoparticle synthesis. Cost-effective methods for modifying the surface characteristics of Si nanocrystals (Si-ncs) and BaTaOxNy perovskite particles using laser fragmentation are reported in [39] and [40], respectively. In particular, laser fragmentation in

• caused oxidation, crystallinity loss, and reduced photoactivity due to enhanced grain boundaries. Figure 4 shows SEM images of Ba5Ta4O15 and BaTaOxNy-zp powders after successive laser fragmentation passages. Despite these challenges, prolonged fragmentation improved the photocurrent efficiency

• , effective method used for producing NPs with a narrow size distribution and tailored surface characteristics. While challenges such as oxidation and pulse limitations exist, its ability to create ultrasmall NPs and nanoclusters makes it particularly promising for applications in catalysis, material

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• detection of dopamine and glucose with differential potential voltammetry (DPV). The characteristic oxidation peak for dopamine is around 150 mV, where dopamine loses two electrons and hydrons to form dopamine quinone as shown in Scheme 1 [25]. For a clear view, only a few exemplary curves were used to show

• , the first peak is around −300 mV, corresponding to the chemisorption onto the platinum surface and dehydrogenation of glucose. This indicates formation of intermediate adsorbate forms on the platinum surface. The second peak around 150 mV is due to the further oxidation of intermediate adsorbates with

• concentration. (d) LoD analysis results at low concentrations after baseline subtraction. (a) DENA setup. (b) Customized cuvette. (c) Diagram of DENA setup. Diagram of parylene-C coating system. (a) Laser exposure setup. (b) Diagram of setup. Oxidation reaction of dopamine. Glucose oxidation series reactions

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• solution immediately triggered the polymerization of dopamine monomers, accompanied by a color change from light brown to deep brown or black after 24 h, as illustrated in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2. In this process, the protons generated from the oxidation process are consumed, shifting the

• (NH3)2]+ ions into Ag nanoparticles, which are then immobilized onto CTA membrane (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1b,c) [40][41][42][43]. This process bypasses the need for conventional environmentally unfriendly oxidation and activation processes, as reported in the literature [44][45][46

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• oxidation states, coordinating ligands, and geometries yield access to a highly underexplored chemical space for antibiotic drug development [19]. Moreover, metalloantibiotics may provide unique and multiple modes of action including redox activation and catalytic generation of toxic species (reactive

• proteins, ligand exchange kinetics comparable to those of platinum complexes, their two predominant oxidation states (II and III), and their ability to mimic iron when interacting with biological molecules [124]. However, their therapeutic application is hindered, as in most of the metallodrugs, by poor

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• independently of GSH deficiency (or GSH depletion). Hemin initiates this reaction as an iron catalyst to respond to the excess H2O2 [29]. Another way of triggering ferroptosis is the oxidation of unsaturated lipids by an iron redox couple, which can also lead to ferroptosis. This process of inducing ferroptosis

• is especially valuable in situations where Fenton reaction-dependent ferroptosis might be compromised due to elevated levels of GSH and reduced levels of H2O2, which are commonly observed in tumor cells. Note that iron-induced oxidation of unsaturated fat in the absence of H2O2 requires the

• ) enzymes, which cause direct oxidation of PUFA-containing lipids, ultimately leading to the formation of (15-hydroperoxy)-diacylated polyethylene species with two or three oxygen atoms for the onset of ferroptosis [42]. Due to the role of lipid peroxidation in triggering ferroptosis-induced damage

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• -guided route for improving water oxidation performance. However, the use of a constant-potential deposition technique presents limitations in controlling the film thickness, morphology, and uniformity, which are crucial for consistent BiVO4 performance after conversion. Variability in the BiOI film

• efficient charge separation and transport. Previous studies have reported that the (121), (040), and (010) facets of monoclinic BiVO4 contribute to enhanced photocatalytic activity by serving as active sites for oxidation and reduction reactions [32][33]. In particular, the large surface area of the (010

• the photoanodes to assess their charge transfer capabilities. As shown in Figure 5d, BiVO4(326) exhibited a smaller impedance arc under illumination, indicating a minimal charge-transfer resistance. This is favorable for the rapid utilization of photogenerated holes in water oxidation reactions

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• ]. Physicochemical characterization of Acrocomia aculeata fruit pulp oil The physicochemical parameters of bocaiúva oil, such as acidity index, iodine index, and refractive index, were analyzed. The acidity index indicates the state of conservation of oils and fats and is related to the oxidation process. Our

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• biodegradability [1][2][3]. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been shown to provide better biodegradability compared to other polymers such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene [4][5][6] due to its secondary alcohol groups being susceptible to enzymatic oxidation and its water solubility enhancing

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• decomposition [4], oxygen evolution reactions (OER) [14], oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) [15], in CO oxidation [16], and in CO2 and CO reduction [17]. This high activity in catalysis has been attributed to adsorption energy distribution patterns (AEDP) during catalytic reactions [18], which may be tuned based

• duration-driven effect is applicable to all three tested solvents acetone, ethanol, and acetonitrile. In all these solvents ns-LAL leaded to amorphous NPs while during ps-LAL the particles were crystalline. Crystallography and (traces of) oxidation Further investigations on HEA NPs are required to

• crystalline particles by ps-LAL (Figure 3A), as well as amorphous particles by ns-LAL (Figure 3B). The oxygen signals, equally pronounced in NPs from ps- and ns-LAL hint towards oxidation of the particles. Even though these measurements cannot differentiate between an oxidized surface and an oxidized core of

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• -Al2O3(0001) can minimize peeling off of SLG from the α-Al2O3(0001) substrate following the oxidation process [18]. This allows us to obtain a large-area SLGO film, which can then be subjected to evaluation of the adsorption properties. Subsequent to the synthesis of SLGO/α-Al2O3(0001), further studies

• (around 2900 cm−1). The presence of intense D and D+G peaks is indicative of the existence of graphene film disorder. This phenomenon can be attributed to the reduced size of the graphene grains that are produced at lower growth temperatures [18]. Following the oxidation process, a broadening of all peaks

• capacity. Conclusion In this study, the synthesis of the large-area SLGO film was accomplished through the oxidation of CVD-grown SLG/α-Al2O3(0001). We found that the change in the electronic state from graphene to GO is attributed to oxidation. This was accompanied by the decrease of the π*(C=C) state and

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• Ru complexes were employed as assembly templates to direct the topochemical addition of repeating monomers. The polymer is extended in discrete steps through the oxidation of units such as thiophene and pyrene, and the reduction of alkynyl units. The same reaction is then repeated in order to repair

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• catechol moiety present in PG-CDs can form chelation with Ag+ ions. The Ag+ having a very high oxidation potential can easily be reduced to Ag(0) with concomitant oxidation of catechol to quinones. The quinones that are simultaneously created stabilize the AgNPs which are formed when the as-formed Ag(0

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• -etched nanopores in two types of silicon dioxide, namely, one produced by wet thermal oxidation of Si (thermal SiO2) and another deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Thermally grown SiO2 is of high quality and stoichiometric, however, requires high temperatures for growth, and

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• dynamic processes occurring for example upon photoexcitation. Among transition metal oxides, cerium oxide (or ceria) has unique redox properties, linked to the relative stability of Ce cations in the 4+ and 3+ oxidation states, which make the material highly effective in automotive catalysts and in the

• that form the film, while the Pt ions in the 2+ oxidation state are confined at the outermost layers [29]. The interplay of ceria surfaces with adsorbed molecules, a crucial factor in understanding reactivity, has become a significant research focus, also thanks to synchrotron-radiation-based XPS

• of surface C or CO [38]. Resonant photoemission detected by a spectroscopic photoemission and low-energy electron microscope (SPLEEM) was also used to acquire local information on the oxidation degree of cerium in mixed zirconia–ceria nanostructures supported on a Rh(111) single crystal [39]. Figure

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• electrocatalytic applications [30]. For instance, Wang et al. deposited nickel–iron on SS, which was used as a high-performance electrode for water oxidation [31]. Hence, in this study, we utilized commercial 304 SS and coated it with the Ni/NiO catalyst through a one-step radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• File 1) confirms an elevated oxygen concentration at the NP surface, indicating surface oxidation effects. Most oxide shells, such as MnO, NiO, or FeO are antiferromagnetic [61] and exhibit higher anisotropy than the NP core, leading to an exchange bias effect in the hysteresis loop and an increase in

• . However, unlike the Ge-based CCA NPs, no visible core–shell structure was detected around the Al-based NPs, and oxygen intensity was significantly lower in line scan analyses (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1). This suggests that surface oxidation effects were less pronounced, potentially because

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• graphene oxide–nanosilica–zinc hydroxide nanocomposites (GO-SG-ZH). Graphite oxidation reaction in a cascade design gives good efficiency values of energy, chemical reaction, and reaction time [14][15]. The recycling of rice husk ash waste into nanosilica products is eco-friendly and sustainable for

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• oxidation or the introduction of surface vacancies, a novel and versatile approach is unveiled for the development of low-dimensional multifunctional nanodevices. Keywords: chemical mapping; CrX3; Kelvin probe force microscopy; mechanical exfoliation; scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM); two

• inset of Figure 5a). In some recent works, the formation of a Cr–O–Cl surface phase [8][10] was characterized by the presence of a low-binding-energy component for Cl 2p at 198 eV (Figure 5b), albeit for a high degree of oxidation at high temperature in air, which we do not observe here, and a low

• the surface potential represents the most evident variation on the CrCl3 surface, where a higher surface potential is related to a higher level of oxidation of the thicker flakes, probably related to an increased density of Cl vacancies acting as dissociation centers and the formation of a Cl

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• attributed to P in a +5 oxidation state, as in InPO4, and the other one as P0, probably due to metallic P defects at the nanowire surface [18][33][34]. A small oxide component is also found in the In 4d spectra, at a binding energy which is 0.6 eV higher than that of the bulk component. In addition, a small

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• traditionally doped with the ionic p-dopant bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI) and 4-tertbutylpyridine (tBP). In the case of spiro-OMeTAD, in presence of oxygen, LiTFSI promotes its oxidation reaction by stabilizing its radical cation, resulting in the generation of mobile holes [30][31][32

• ]. For PTAA, under illumination, a similar mechanism is proposed, whereby the oxidation of PTAA raises the conductivity of the polymer [33]. For both HTLs, the inclusion of tBP promotes a better distribution of the HTL on the perovskite, preventing organic semiconductor/LiTFSI phase segregation [34

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• antioxidant properties at lower concentrations, TA can act as a prooxidant at higher concentrations. Under these conditions, it binds to metal ions, potentially increasing oxidation and causing damage to biomolecules, especially DNA [17]. Doping GBMs with bioactive molecules like TA represents a potentially

• -mimetic conditions. The observed spectral changes suggest selective oxidation of phenolic moieties within the tannic acid component. Although this experimental model represents a simplified approximation of cellular ROS generation, it provides mechanistic insights into FLG–TA susceptibility to oxidative

• activity The Alamar Blue (AB) assay was used to quantify the metabolic activity of PDL cells in direct contact with FLG and TA solutions by detecting the oxidation–reduction rate of AB [46]. This assay has gained significant popularity as a common method for examining cytotoxic effects induced by various

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• decomposition of APT occurred in two steps. The first step from 230 to 315 °C corresponded to the elimination of physically absorbed water, and in a second step, further weight loss was observed at 315 to 500 °C, corresponding to the formation of volatile molecules through oxidation (Figure 5a). β-CD and