Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• , the positions of the E12g and A1g vibrational modes in the composite sample did not exhibit any noticeable shifts compared to the observed peaks in individual samples as reported in previous studies [26]. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) diagram shown in Figure 2a exhibits the diffraction peaks at 14.25

• , respectively. The XRD diagram depicted in Figure 2c reveals the combination of peaks arising from both 2H-MoS2 and 2H-WS2, confirming the successful intermixing of the MoS2/WS2 composite. The sharp shape of the diffraction peaks suggests a very good crystallinity of the fabricated materials. The recurring

• additional peaks observed in all XRD diagrams at ≈37° and ≈69° positions are due to the silicon substrate. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) survey scans and high-resolution scans for all samples are presented in Figure 3a–j. All XPS analyses were first calibrated using the C 1s peak of carbon at

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• procedure. It demonstrates homogeneity without a notable dominance of hills or valleys. The structural properties of the CuO films were evaluated using XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD diffractograms (Figure 4A) exhibit well-defined reflections that correspond to the polycrystalline monoclinic structure

• thin films. Consequently, it has a favorable impact on both electrical and thermal stability. Moreover, as evidenced by XRD and Raman spectroscopy analyses, the sequencing enhances the crystal quality of the films, which remain free from other copper compound phases regardless of the preparation

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• complexes presents an absorption band at 240 nm. The combination of titanium complexes with GQDs resulted in higher adsorption λmax values. XRD patterns of the obtained samples in suspension form are presented in Figure 2. The XRD patterns of TiO2 and TiO2/GQDs suspensions show broad peaks of TiO2 at 2θ

• = 26°, corresponding to the (101) plane of the anatase phase (JCPDS file 73-1764) (Figure 2a). As the XRD measurements were made in liquids instead of solid powders, the diffraction peaks are found to be broad and weak. The diffraction peaks of the GQDs at 2θ = 30.4° can be assigned to the (002) plane

• of graphene. The broad nature of the diffraction peak is due to the structure of GQDs containing only few layers of graphene sheets [27]. The XRD pattern of TiO2/GQDs in solid form (dried at 100 °C for 3 h) exhibits characteristic peaks of anatase at 2θ = 25.6°, 38.1°, and 48.3°, corresponding to the

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• -Ga2O3 NW synthesis methods and detailed post-examination of their mechanical properties before considering their application in future nanoscale devices. Results For structural analysis of the as-grown NW arrays on Si(100)/SiO2 substrates, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were conducted. The marked

• information on the crystalline structure of NWs. Fast Fourier transformation was performed on the obtained TEM images to determine crystalline orientations. The structure was also analysed using XRD on a Rigaku MiniFlex 600 X-ray powder diffractometer. The measurements were conducted in Bragg–Brentano θ/2θ

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• diffraction (XRD), and FTIR, respectively, to establish physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanomaterials. Results Synthesis, optical spectroscopy, and zeta potential Anisotropic gold nanoparticles of makura shape were synthesized using seed-mediated approach as shown in Figure 1a. The Au seeds were

• shown in Figure 5a [25]. We also observed no peaks in the region of (1500–2000) cm−1, which suggested that there were no double bonds formed such as C=C, C=O and C=N. The crystallinity of synthesized anisotropic gold nanoparticles with surfactants of different carbon tail lengths was explored using XRD

• nanomakura shape was determined by the surfactant capping, clearly indicating the effect of carbon tail length. The breaking of symmetry was due to a gradual decrease in micelle density on the edges giving the shape of a pillow as shown in Figure 6 The highest intensity of {111} observed in the XRD

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• microscope operating at 200 kV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted using a diffractometer (Miniflex II) with Cu Kα radiation over a 2θ range of 20–90°, with a scan speed of 2° per minute. Furthermore, Raman spectra were obtained using a spectrometer (Horiba Scientific MacroRam Raman) equipped

• with a 785 nm laser source. These analytical techniques provided comprehensive insights into the structure and properties of the synthesized TiN nanosheets. Results and Discussion Figure 2 shows the XRD patterns of both the bulk material and the TiN powder obtained from the non-thermal plasma process

• . The XRD pattern for cubic TiN, as compared to JCPDS # 87-0633, displays characteristic peaks at approximately 37°, 43°, 62°, 74°, and 78°. In contrast, the TiN processed by non-thermal plasma exhibited small shifts towards less positive values in the 2θ angles for the (111), (200), (220), (311), and

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• substituted by O–H. Additionally, other characteristic absorption peaks of CUR and HPS were retained. These findings confirmed the successful synthesis of CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern (Figure 2g), the 2θ diffraction peaks at 30.1° (220), 35.4° (311), 37.0° (222), 43.1

• ° (400), 53.4° (422), 56.9° (511), and 62.7° (440) are consistent with the face-centered cubic structure of Fe3O4 (PDF#19-0629). The XRD pattern of CUR shows amorphous halos at about 20° to 30°. New broad amorphous halos of greater intensity appeared at approximately 20° to 30°, indicating the presence

• , respectively). f) FTIR spectra of HCCP, CUR, HPS, and the CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs. g) XRD patterns of the Fe3O4 NCs, curcumin, CUR-Fe NPs, and CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs. h) Hysteresis loop of the Fe3O4 NCs and CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs, indicating that they were superparamagnetic. a) T1/T2-mapping MR imaging of CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs at pH 5.0

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• produced material is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while its crystalline and optical qualities are assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. We demonstrate possibilities for controlling the composition and the crystallographic

• sensor applications. Keywords: aeromaterial; crystallographic structure; luminescence; physical vapor transport; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); X-ray diffraction (XRD); Introduction Porous materials represent a class of solid-state networks widely used in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of

• preserved; however, the surface of their arms became more granulated, as shown in Figure 1b. The XRD analysis of the sample produced in the 4 h procedure shows that it consists of two phases (Figure 2a). The reflexes are indexed to a cubic zinc blende ZnS phase according to the JCPDS cards no. 772100 and no

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• benzoquinone (C6H4O2) was provided by Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥96%) and hydrogen chloride (HCl, 38%) were purchased from Xilong, China. Instruments X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded by using a D8 Advance (Bruker, Germany) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm). Fourier-transform

• Discussion Materials characterisation The XRD patterns of cobalt ferrite with decreasing Fe/Co molar ratio from 2 to 0.5 are presented in Figure 1a. The XRD patterns of CF confirm that cobalt ferrite has a spinel structure, and all main peaks correspond to the standard pattern of bulk CoFe2O4 (JCPDS 00-022

• -1086). It is notable that the XRD pattern of cobalt ferrite with the initial Fe/Co ratio of 2 (stoichiometric ratio) exhibits the diffraction of iron oxides at 2θ of 24.2°, 33.2°, 40.8°, and 49.6° (JCPDS no. 33-0664). This means that a part of cobalt ions goes to the liquid phase during synthesis

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• used as reducing agent. The synthesis protocol is summarily presented in Figure 1. Also, to characterize our material, UV–vis and XRD measurements were carried out. Figure 2A shows the broad adsorption band indicating the high number of excitons [38] on the surface of Ag NPs due to SPR. The SPR peak is

• located at 390 nm, which is suitable for SERS applications with 532 nm laser excitation. Besides, the shape of the UV–vis spectrum is in accordance with Mie scattering theory calculations, as reported in [39], proving the existence of Ag NPs in the solution. Moreover, the XRD pattern of the thin film

• -focus light element from Bruker, UK, were used. Raman spectra were collected with a XploRA ONE spectroscope (HORIBA, Japan), with a laser wavelength of 532 nm, 1 mW power, and an accumulation number of 60. Schematic of the Ag NPs-DES synthesis. (A) UV–vis spectrum of the Ag NPs-DES solution. (B) XRD

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• bias voltage was applied to the p-Si substrates, whereas the WOx films were kept grounded. The crystallinity of the WOx films was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Bruker) under Bragg–Brentano geometry (θ–2θ) in an angular window of 2θ = 20° to 80°. The chemical composition of the WOx films was

• crystallinity after vacuum annealing might also play a role in determining the work function [45]. XRD measurements were carried out on the 60 nm thick film to investigate any possible change in the crystallinity due to vacuum annealing. The XRD data (Figure 5) of a 60 nm-thick NS-WOx film reveals an amorphous

• revealed from the XRD studies, as-deposited NS-WOx films are amorphous in nature, whereas post-growth vacuum-annealed (at 673 K for 1 h) films show an amorphous-to-crystalline structural phase transition. XPS analysis confirms an increasing concentration of defect density in the form of oxygen vacancies

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• -resolution analytical electron microscope (FE-SEM, Thermo Scientific, Apreo 2S LoVac) and a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM, Phillips XL, 30 ESEM-FEG/EDAX) operating at 120 kV acceleration voltage. The structure of the nanoparticles was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD, PANalytical, Xpert

• between peak broadening and particle size in X-ray analysis. In this equation, the symbols D, K, λ, β, and θ represent the particle size, Scherrer shape factor (here 0.89), X-ray wavelength (0.15418 nm), half-maximum width, and diffraction angle, respectively [43]. Using the X-ray diffraction (XRD

• ) spectrum and Equation 5, the particle size of Fe3O4 NPs was calculated and determined to be 18 nm on average. X-ray patterns showing the distribution of Fe3O4 NPs in their uncoated state are shown in Figure 2a. XRD analysis reveals the presence of seven distinct peaks at 30.13°, 35.48°, 43.12°, 53.6

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD results showed the appearance of an amorphous region of silica particles at a diffraction angle of 22°. The formation of silica was

• conditions to determine the ideal condition to modify GO for grafting onto NR. The GO-VTES products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle, 29Si NMR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and morphology analysis. The GO-VTES was expected to improve the mechanical properties

• the attachment of the sample to the measuring system. The frequency-dependent measurement was performed at an initial strain of 1% and at an angular frequency of 0.1–100 rad/s at 30 °C. The number of data points collected was 31. Results and Discussion Characterization of GO-VTES XRD Figure 3 shows

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• levels, thereby being identified as a Zn-tolerant species, ultimately releasing an excess amount of Zn into the environment. Results ZnO NPs characterization Wet chemical synthesis yielded 7.012 g of ZnO NPs, disregarding the sample loss during the synthesis. The XRD pattern corresponds to the hexagonal

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• separation during the electrospinning process [17][38][39], leading to the formation of a BBR-rich phase on the surface of nanofibers. The crystallinity of the PLA pellet and electrospun nanofiber scaffolds were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis (Figure 3B). The XRD pattern of the PLA pellet shows

• diffraction peaks at 2θ of 16.7, 19.2, and 22.4° associated to a crystalline α-form orthorhombic structure (card number 00-054-1917, Diffract Plus 2005), while the weak diffraction peaks at 28.9 and 30.9° were characteristic of the β-form trigonal structure [40]. The XRD pattern of the PLA nanofibers formed

• collector, the rearrangement of the polymer chains into lamellar packing was limited, resulting in domination of the amorphous region in PLA nanofibers [41]. The XRD patterns of BBR drug-loaded PLA nanofiber scaffolds exhibit a distinct peak similar to that of the PLA nanofiber scaffold without the

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• were carried out starting from 100 °C; however, XRD patterns from the films deposited at the lowest temperatures of 100–200 °C are not depicted in Figure 8 since the films grown at 225 °C were the first that revealed distinguishable reflections. The latter likely means that a significant portion of the

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• (XRD) analyses were performed. Characterization of Al2O3 nanoparticles The morphological features of the Al2O3 nanoparticles were investigated with the help of FE-SEM micrograph (Figure 2a). It is seen that the Al2O3 nanoparticles exhibit amorphous nature. Thus, it can be stated that the particle size

• from impurities. This provides strong evidence of the purity of the Al2O3 nanoparticles employed in the study. Also, it was seen that the EDS analysis result agrees with previous studies [22]. The crystalline properties of Al2O3 nanoparticle were determined by XRD analysis. All peaks were measured by

• XRD and compared with previous studies [23][24] in the literature. The XRD patterns of the Al2O3 nanoparticle samples were recorded in the range 2θ (15°–75°) at room temperature. The XRD pattern of γ-Al2O3 is shown in Figure 3. The diffraction pattern of γ-Al2O3 shows strong peaks at angle (2θ) of

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• . The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results in Figure 1c show Zn, Cu, and O, which indicates the presence of ZnO and CuO. No further impurities were found. The results from X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy confirm that the nanoparticles covering the surfaces and

• edges of ZnO NRs are CuO NPs. Figure 2a shows XRD patterns of pure ZnO NRs (black line) and CuO NPs sprayed over ZnO NRs (red line) samples. The black line shows diffraction peaks at 2θ = 31.85°, 34.51°, 36.31°, 47.61°, and 62.89°, which correspond to the (100), (002), (101), (102), and (103) planes of

• hexagonal ZnO, similar to data from JCPDS-36-1451 and results reported before [39][40]. Additional peaks at 2θ = 35.90° and 39.14° appear in the XRD pattern of CuO NPs/ZnO NRs, while the original peaks of ZnO remain unchanged. These peaks were assigned to the () and (111) planes of CuO, consistent with

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• , this distinction in fundamental chemistry has significant implications for the structures and properties of the resulting fibers. To date, structure–property characterizations of Technora® in the literature have primarily focused on (i) X-ray diffraction (XRD), (ii) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR

• ) spectroscopy, and (iii) fiber tensile properties. Interestingly, although Technora® is noncrystalline, it can be effectively modeled through XRD as a paracrystalline material such as Kevlar®. Within this framework, the Technora® paracrystalline distortion parameter, a measure of crystalline “sinuosity”, was

• lower (i.e., indicated better alignment) than in all Kevlar® classes explored in a study by Wu and Blackwell [3]. In characterizing the lateral molecular organization in Technora® from XRD, the researchers carefully noted that the broad lateral apparent crystallite “peak” in Technora® was likely not a

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• nanoparticles with a defective zinc blende structure under mild conditions through thermal annealing of hydrogenated silicon nanoparticles with red phosphorus. The synthesized Si3P4 nanoparticles were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, electron diffraction, EDX, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

• . This is consistent with the average size of crystallites of 4 nm determined from the XRD data using the Scherrer equation. The electron diffraction ring pattern (Figure 6b) corresponds to a cubic lattice with a parameter of 5.05 Å (apart from the (111), (220) and (311) reflections discussed earlier

• XRD evidence that SiP NPs are formed when phosphorus is present in less than an equimolar quantity with respect to hydrogenated silicon. As cubic SiP and Si3P4 are very similar in structure, they are quite likely to be miscible at the nanoscale resulting in a “vacancy doping” scenario with possible

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• CoAl-LDH synthesis method. We thoroughly study the effects of the mass scale-up (25-fold: up to 375 mM) and the volumetric scale-up (20-fold: up to 2 L). For this, we use a combination of several structural (XRD, TGA, and N2 and CO2 isotherms), microscopic (SEM, TEM, and AFM), magnetic (SQUID), and

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• underwent characterization through electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and piezoelectric performance testing. The results indicated that the piezoelectric film with a composition ratio of 12% P(VDF-TrFE) + 10% ZnO + 0.1% GR exhibited superior performance regarding various aspects. Consequently, in

• this present study, we employed the aforementioned composition ratio to fabricate the heart sound sensor. Our paper solely focuses on the performance evaluation of three experimental groups: 12% P(VDF-TrFE), 12% P(VDF-TrFE) + 10% ZnO, and 12% P(VDF-TrFE) + 10% ZnO + 0.1% GR. In this paper, XRD was

• utilized to analyze the composition and β-phase content of the composite piezoelectric nanofilms, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the morphology of the thin film filaments. Figure 6 displays the XRD patterns of the three composite piezoelectric nanofilms. In the P(VDF-TrFE

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• medium observed after the initial stage could be attributed to the gradual release of drug molecules from the matrix core, where the drug is mainly located according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) results [33]. Remarkably, although our NLC possess a comparatively lower drug load, the maximal accumulated drug

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• determine the crystalline structure of the nanocomposites, powder XRD patterns are evaluated and displayed in Figure 4B. Both nanocomposites exhibit feature peaks of AgNPs crystals at 2θ angles of about 38°, 44°, 64°, and 77°, indicating, respectively, the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes of face

• -centered cubic silver (card number 00-004-0783). The XRD pattern of AgNPs@Lac/Alg-0.7 exhibits more intensive peaks compared to AgNPs@Lac/Alg-0.3, likely because of the different contents of AgNPs in the samples. The calculated XRD parameters are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1. Using the

• , respectively, while those of AgNPs@Lac/Alg-0.7 were 4.09 ± 0.2 Å and 68.4 ± 0.8 Å3, respectively [43]. Thus, the XRD data provide evidence for the presence of AgNPs in the nanocomposites. To evaluate the thermal properties of the AgNPs@Lac/Alg nanocomposites, TGA and DSC measurements were performed on both the

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• and GeO2 should be 2:1. However, in the previous report [29], up to a molar ratio of 2.5, the GeO2 phase still remained. Therefore, in this work, Mg and GeO2 powders were mixed at a mass ratio of 5:4 (approximately a molar ratio of 3.5:1) to ascertain the formation of the pure Ge phase. The XRD

• Fd−3m, JCPDS card No. 04-0545). There is no observable signal related to the GeO2 precursor. The XRD pattern of the BC-800 carbon material exhibits a diffraction signal at 2θ = 26.3° attributed to the (002) plane of disordered graphite-like carbon. The peaks at 2θ = 28.1° and 44.0° correspond to the

• (104) and (100) planes of the hexagonal structure in graphite [34][35]. However, the intensity of the diffraction peaks in the XRD pattern of BC-800 is mostly weak, which indicates the poor graphitic structure with small crystallite sizes of biomass carbon [36]. In the Ge@C composite sample, signals