Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• (λ > 420 nm), photoelectrochemical studies demonstrated that the RhB photodegradation effectiveness and photocurrent density of the BiIO4/Bi2MoO6 hybrid composite is much higher than that of the pure components. Because of the successful construction of the BiIO4/Bi2MoO6 hybrid, the photocatalytic

• semiconductor surface. SPRs can potentially boost quantum yield by broadening the spectral response range of semiconductors. Fe, Au, Co, Ag, Ni, Bi, Al, and other metallic elements are often deposited and doped. For example, a nanostructure composite based on plasmonic Ag metal nanoclusters and monoclinic BiVO4

• observed that a Bi-Bi2WO6 composite successfully degraded RhB and 4-chlorophenol under visible light [87]. They reported that the formed heterojunction yielded a two times higher RhB photodegradation and a three times higher 4-chlorophenol photodegradation than bare Bi2WO6. Using nonmetal doping, doping

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• the tip's high spreading ratio and exceptional sharpness. This technique can be applied to other types of metal nanowire probes, and with further development, composite nanowire probes can be generated by different precursor gases. The tungsten nanowire probes have a diameter of about 5–10 nm and

• aspect ratios. The imaging results showed higher spatial resolution and prominent tips with CNTs with aspect ratios greater than 10 compared to standard AFM probes. Using such CNT probes for scanning complex nanostructures could solve the long-standing problem of mapping complex nanostructures. Composite

• probe Manufacturing nanoprobes that meet the requirements for cutting-edge mechanical properties, dimensions, and morphology is practically challenging. Modern technology has made it possible to produce macroscopic materials with certain functions by combining several components into composite materials

Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials

• Arbresha Muriqi and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103

• catalytic and photocatalytic properties [46] porous TiO2 frameworks formed by the annealing of titanicone films may serve as catalytic supports [47]. Titanicone films can also be pyrolyzed under Ar to yield conducting TiO2/carbon composite films with important electrochemical applications as electrodes for

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• odor molecules with 96% accuracy. Besides regulating the porous structure and functionalities of MOFs, it may also improve the chiral sensing performance by controlling the orientation growth of MOFs to the assembled composite films on the QCM surfaces. Wöll and Fischer et al. reported the construction

• of chiral MOF-based films by layer-by-layer (LBL) liquid-phase epitaxial (LPE) growth of [{Zn2((+)cam)2(dabco)}n] ((+)cam = (1R,3S)-(+)-camphoric acid, dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) [104]. Through using SAMs with carboxylate and pyridyl groups, composite films (SURMOFs) with the enantiopure

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• biocompatibility and plasticity. Nanoarchitectonics for MEGs can be constructed using organic or inorganic materials alone, or organic–inorganic composite nanomaterials [29][30][31]. The energy-harvesting component can gather significant amounts of energy for daily use by employing suitable nanomaterials and an

• . Lv; S.-X. Li; B. Han; Q. Guo; Q. Shi; Y.-S. Wang; H.-B. Sun, “Actuator and generator based on moisture-responsive PEDOT: PSS/PVDF composite film“, pages 1415-1421, Copyright Elsevier (2018). This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (o) Schematic diagram of a light-coordinated MEG and (p) output

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• (PEGDA) [132] and poly(acrylic-co-maleic) acid (PAMA) [133]. It is also important to notice that there are numerous studies describing the use of composite materials containing combinations of various substances, both organic and inorganic. For example, studies involving PLA and carbon nanotubes [134

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• polymerization is followed by aromatization, carbonization, and nuclear fusion in the second phase. As a result, a composite of partially depolymerized cashew gum and CDs was produced [129]. Wu and co-workers used Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide as carbon source that also has a naturally nitrogen-containing

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• phosphatase, bone morphogenic protein, runt-related transcription factor-2, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. In vitro and in vivo studies highlight the scientific findings of antibacterial activity, tissue integration, stiffness, mechanical strength, and degradation behaviour of composite materials for

• , the gene RUNX2 upregulates the genes for collagen type I alpha 1 (ColIA1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), and osteocalcin (OCN), which are important for the regeneration process [34]. To mimic the natural bone function, the composite

• release of copper ions from the composite was investigated by soaking it into a buffer solution. In addition, biological assays were done with MC3T3-E1 cells. It has been found that the developed material is biocompatible and enhances osteogenic gene expression. Besides this, remarkable antibacterial

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• solvothermal method to obtain a novel 0D/3D heterojunction Bi2O3/MIL101(Fe) (BOM). The morphology and optical properties of the as-prepared Bi2O3/MIL101(Fe) composite were characterized. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized samples was evaluated by degrading chlortetracycline (CTC) under visible

• -light irradiation. The obtained BOM-20 composite (20 wt % Bi2O3/MIL101(Fe)) exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity with CTC degradation efficiency of 88.2% within 120 min. The degradation rate constant of BOM-20 toward CTC is 0.01348 min−1, which is 5.9 and 4.3 times higher than that of pristine

• MIL101(Fe). The experimental results show that the recombination of photogenerated carriers in Bi2O3/MIL101(Fe) is effectively inhibited, and the photocatalytic activity of the composite is significantly improved compared with that of a monomer catalyst. At the same time, the results of the capture

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• /nanohydroxyapatite composite hydrogels have been studied regarding bone tissue engineering [124]. Spider silk has also been widely used as a multifunctional material for fishing nets, wound coverings, and sutures for surgery for centuries in Australasia and Greece [108]. Since then, it came in focus of researchers

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• , respectively. Moreover, the comparison of the prepared LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3 with other materials from the literature was also listed in Table S4. It showed that Fe0.7Ni0.3O3 samples revealed comparable photodegradation performance to other composite materials. Moreover, the degradation of TC using LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• temperature measurements of KP15 nanodevices. Keywords: Hansen's empirical theory; KP15; liquid exfoliation; nanodevices; nanowires; Raman; semiconductors; Introduction Low-dimensional materials have drawn significant attention in recent years. So far, not only new composite materials with excellent

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• the grown coordination polymers can be distinguished by X-ray diffraction analysis [124][125][126][127]. However, the flexibility of the frameworks brought unexpected phenomena [128][129]. The shell crystal could first yield to the core crystal, making the whole composite present a single phase as the

• core crystal [129]. After growing thicker, the interfacial stress forced the core crystal to yield to the shell crystal, making the whole composite present a single phase as the shell crystal [129]. The grown monocrystalline coordination polymer layer dominated the electrochemical behavior of the whole

• composite in energy storage [129]. The connected core and shell frameworks presented a Na+ ion intercalation behavior governed by the outermost layer. Confined assembly of monocrystalline coordination polymers Monodispersed monocrystalline coordination polymers are building blocks for superstructures

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• prepared by utilizing natural cellulose (e.g., laboratory filter paper) as the structural template. The obtained nanoarchitectonics, namely Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites, displayed three-dimensionally interwoven structures which replicated the initial cellulose template. The composite Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT

• ) possess the advantages of being abundant, environmentally friendly and biocompatible, and the functional hydroxyl groups on the surface provide a chemical environment for the deposition of the guest components [29][30]. According to our results, the composite photocatalysts synthesized by employing

• reduction of Cr(VI) or degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), they exhibited excellent photocatalytic activities. This was due to the unique hierarchical network structures of the composite as well as the uniformly and compactly built heterostructures in between TiO2

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• electrical conductivity further, ultimately leading to better electrochemical stability in the cathode. As a result, the optimized bimetallic ZIF–carbon/CNT composite exhibits a high discharge capacity of 16,000 mAh·g−1, with a stable cycling performance of up to 137 cycles. This feature is also beneficial

• the same content of CNTs in the composites, the differences in the intensity ratio of the D to the G band (Id/Ig) are mainly attributable to the crystallinity of the ZnxCoy–C particles. The Zn1Co4–C/CNT composite has the best crystallinity with a ratio of 1.02, which is lower than that of the Zn1Co1–C

• (Figure 4a), strong signals were observed at binding energies of 778.9 and 794 eV, corresponding to the Co 2p3/2 and Co 2p1/2 orbitals of metallic Co, respectively, regardless of the Zn/Co ratio. In contrast, the signal of Zn was only detected in the Zn 2p spectrum of the Zn4Co1–C/CNT composite (Figure 4b

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• catalytic activity. Li et al. reported the synthesis of MoS2/graphene composite films on FTO, which were directly used as CE for DSSCs without further thermal treatment. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the DSSCs was 8.01%, which was comparable to that of a Pt CE (8.21%) [21]. Quy et al. prepared

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• development of composite semiconductor–noble metal-based substrates is desirable since they could be implemented as reusable, low-cost SERS substrates for ultrasensitive detection of analytes. ZnO lattice defects and doping ZnO nanostructures usually present two emission bands, namely a narrow UV band

• nanocomposites. The influence of annealing temperature and annealing time for the MEF property of Ag–ZnO composite structure was also studied using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) [122]. The fluorescence emission of FITC showed an increase at higher values of annealing temperature or annealing time. The

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• composed by seven different conductive sensors with composite sensing layers are measured and analyzed using machine learning. Statistical tools, such as principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, are used as dimensionality reduction methods. Five different classification methods

• increasing temperature and composite layers exhibit lower temperature dependences in comparison to a pristine PANI layer. The resistance R0 and the average temperature coefficient of resistance (TCRs) values of the prepared sensing layers are given in Table 1. All active layers have a negative temperature

• displayed in Figure 6. The experiment consisted of 5 min of sensor exposure to a certain gas concentration and 5 min of purging at a flow rate of 100 mL·s−1. It is evident that all active layers have the highest sensitivity and clear response to NH3. All active composite layers except PANI+ZnO exhibit a

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• changes in the interaction of water molecules with the chitin of the cuticle after rehydration. Insect cuticle is a biological composite with a protein matrix and embedded chitin fibers [17]. It is the only biological composite that has been modelled successfully using the modified Voigt estimate of the

• composite elastic modulus [15]. According to the Voigt model, the effective elastic modulus parallel to the fibers in a unidirectional fiber composite, such as locust hind tibial cuticle [11], can be estimated by [15] where Ef and Vf are, respectively, elastic modulus and volume fraction of the fibers, and

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• nonvolatile storage memory. However, vertically aligned switches require a pull-in voltage of more than 20 V, higher than the usual horizontally distributed switches. CNT-NEM switches have great potential in nonvolatile memory devices. In addition, CNTs used with metals in composite electrodes, as a bottom

• CVD for analog and digital bandwidth phase shifters. The phase shift was 355°/dB in the analog design at 2.4 GHz and 138°/dB in the digital design. Anjum et al. [60] used GR/MoS2 composite materials as beam to decrease the pull-in voltage below 1 V, which can be used in RF applications requiring low

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• encapsulated chondrocytes and improved the production of cartilage-specific markers [111]. Furthermore, two or more nanofiber-based components can be blended and used for electrospinning to obtain composite mats or fabricate nanofiber-incorporated composites. In this regard, a poly(ʟ-lactic acid) (PLLA)/silk

• fibroin (SF) nanofibrous scaffold fabricated via electrospinning was investigated for its chondrogenic potential [112]. The results showed that the composite scaffold could facilitate chondrocyte adherence, proliferation, and secretion of cartilage-specific ECM as well as maintaining the phenotype

• immunocytochemistry analyses revealed the chondrogenic differentiation of hBM‐MSCs on alginate sulfate nanofibrous mats [114]. There are promising reports on the in vivo application of nanofiber scaffolds to repair osteochondral defects in animal models (Table 1). For example, in a comparative study, a composite mat

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• will make fundamental contributions to the investigation of electrospun PLA and composite (PLA/PLGA and PLA/PCL) nanofibers. Results and Discussion Preparation and characterization of ampicillin trihydrate-loaded electrospun nanofibers PLA and PLA/PLGA nanofibers prepared in this study, plus the

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• . However, it is hydrophobic and poor cell adhesion has been reported. In a study of Kiran et al., TiO2 nanoparticles (0, 2, 5, and 7 wt %) were suspended in polycaprolactone forming a polymer/ceramic hybrid composite (PCL/TiO2), which was then used as a coating over biomedical grade commercial pure

• by DOX exposure directly to healthy cells and tissues [108]. In another study, gentamicin was loaded onto nanostructures (nanotubes and nanopores) of a titanium/zirconium alloy nanocomposite (TiZr) coated with chitosan. This composite system followed the Lindner–Lippold mechanism of drug release. The

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• fibers of a polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite. 3.2 Solution parameters 3.2.1 Solution concentration. It has been observed that there is a direct proportionality between the solution concentration and aspect ratio and fiber diameter. Sadat-Shojai et al. reported that when the

• Fe3O4 NPs to the composite mat helped in the easy recovery of the mats after application in oil–water separation, while PVDF provided mechanical strength. The membrane exhibited an oil sorption capacity of 35–46 g/g for four types of oils, namely sunflower oil, soybean oil, motor oil, and diesel oil [72

• incorporation of 1.0 wt % SiO2 rendered optimum water permeability and dye rejection. A 98% dye rejection of DR23 was shown by the optimum nanofiber composite when operated for 20 min under 1711 LMH (under 0.4 bar applied pressure) of high water flux [76]. The same group fabricated a clay-based electrospun

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• objects. An example is the detection of toluene in the presence of xylenes. We discovered that the response rate of the composite sensor is affected by the p-xylene/toluene ratio in the analyzed mixture. The relationship shown in Figure 6, correlates well (R2 = 0.995) with a 3rd-degree polynomial curve: t

• converter. The SEM images have been obtained at the Centre of Shared Equipment of IGIC RAS. Sensors A composite sensor based on 3D PhC, which has a sandwich design, has been used for the experiments. The opal structure is formed on a glass or polymer (polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate) substrate

• polymer regarding material strength. Method Figure 8a shows the scheme of the experimental equipment. It consists of the spectrophotometer “eye-one Pro” and a peripheral device, which is made of black composite material based on epoxy resins for visible-light absorption and to elude backward reflection