Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

• Qi Wang,
• Meng-Ting Chen,
• Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
• Bin Shen,
• Thomas Geiger,
• Holger F. Bettinger,
• Frank Schreiber,
• Ingo Salzmann,
• Alexander Gerlach and
• Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

• physisorptive [29][53]. On Cu(111), PFP shows a behavior close to physisorption [9], although the coupling strength might be slightly stronger than with Au(111) [54]. PEN on Cu(111), however, is strongly chemisorbed, involving a partial filling of the former lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) by a

Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

• Jeremiah Croshaw,
• Thomas Dienel,
• Taleana Huff and
• Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

• due to competing electron emptying and filling rates, rendering the DB neutral on average [54][55]. The constant height STM and STHM images in Figure 2a-3 and Figure 2a-4 also reveal the central protrusion. The STHM image showed an extremely localized current signal over the DB and has been

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• and medical science in the last decades Since heat energy provides society with several benefits, the field of thermodynamics is applicable to and effectively connected with other fields. Heat transport processes plays a fundamental role in building design [1], fuel-filling systems [2], air compressor

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• specifically, Ag NPs have been widely used in many fields, such as dental filling, wound dressing, water treatment and textile fabrics [12][13]. However, issues have been raised concerning Ag-associated genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human cells [14]. To solve these toxicity problems, nanocomposite materials

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• electrochemically filling the pores with metallic nanostructures such as nanowires or nanotubes, resulting in the production of 2D metallo-semiconductor interpenetrating networks, which are promising for various nanoelectronic, optoelectronic, plasmonic, and nanophotonic applications [4][5][6]. While the growth of

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• waveguides arranged around the central microbath result from fanning out of a single input waveguide using Y-splitters. A second waveguiding layer is implemented for detection of light scattered by the trapped particle. For reliable filling of the device with sample fluid, microfluidic considerations lead to

• with sample fluid. Among the devices, the diameter of the cylinder is in the range of 5–60 µm. For the 2-waveguide device, the microbath is shaped as a linear channel with a rectangular cross section (Figure 4a). For the microbath we face two issues, namely the entrapment of air bubbles during filling

• and the quick evaporation of the small volume of sample fluid before use. The first issue is overcome by adding two side channels to the microbath, enabling filling from the end of one of these. For this purpose, one channel is designed wider near its end, using a funnel shape (see Figure 6a below

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Bo Tian,
• Yuxuan Guo,
• Fan Fan and
• Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

• determined based on the curves obtained from the analyzer. Results and Discussion Surface morphology of the PDMS/SiO2 composite template The prepared silicon template as well as microscopic details before and after filling with SiO2 nanoparticles are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2a shows the physical appearance

• of the silicon template etched into the source–drain groove structure. The pattern of the array with uniform and regular lines is presented in the upper left corner of Figure 2a. Figure 2b shows the groove morphology before filling with SiO2 nanoparticles. It is clear from the groove structure of

• size 50 × 30 μm that the inside is empty, and the surface of the silicon template is clean. Figure 2c shows the groove morphology after filling with SiO2 nanoparticles. Numerous nanoparticles are in the groove, and there is no surplus of nanoparticles on the surface of the silicon template. The

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• connections resulting in hot spots for field enhancement. Thus, they only yield a relatively weak enhancement of the scattered field filling almost all gaps on the entire plane. But we can still identify a few interparticle gaps where we observe strong (two to five times) intensity enhancements (hot spots

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• vanish. Hence, performing SANS coupled with an in situ physisorption experiment allows for investigating the pore-filling process. In this study we compare the pore network of different carbon monoliths in an empty state and a filled state. The SANS data were analyzed quantitatively in terms of pore size

• monolith looks almost identical to that of the original SiO2 monolith. Since the macropore dimensions are almost identical in the SiO2 template and in the resulting carbon, the templating process is mainly dominated by a covering of the macropore walls by pitch molecules rather than a complete filling of

• the macropore space. A 1:1 copy of the pristine SiO2 macropore space is obtained (Figure 1, top). In case of the mesopores the filling is based on a substantial capillary pressure, capturing the nonpolar liquid precursor within the mesopores, which are then replicated. The corresponding SEM images

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• were obtained for the Ni1.7Co1.3O4 material (Figure S4c, Supporting Information File 1). The relatively low surface area of the Ni1−xCoxS2 nanoflakes is ascribed to the filling with anions (SO32−, S−, OH−), the growth of primary nanoparticles with the subsequent reduction of porosity, which impedes

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• experiment into three sections, defined by the relative humidity. The time evolution of the first section, 20.5% < RH < 25.0% for the first 27 h can be seen by comparing Figure 2a to Figure 2b. The first period shows a slow erosion of the accumulated material and a filling of the defects from the bottom. The

• volume of the hole to a single-layer circular defect with radius R2. Conservation of volume requires but now the corresponding energy of the edge is smaller, An illustrative drawing can be found in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5. The material that is filling the smaller hole in the second

• material gets removed by the tip. However, there is one important observation to be made: Slow material movement still takes place despite the very low humidity. The observed slower filling of the defect compared to the erosion of the accumulated material could be either a measurement artifact (assisted

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• the solvent in a rotary evaporator, resulting in dry powders. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies were performed, showing little decrease in the pore diameter, but a reduction of the pore volume, supporting the bottom-to-top filling hypothesis of the pores [32][33]. Depending on the particle size

• solvent penetration into different particles varies, leading to particles remaining unfilled (at 0 mL/g filling) or particles that are partially or medium filled (0–0.4 and 0.4–0.8 mL/g, respectively). There are also particles with higher pore volume filling (0.8–1.2 and 1.2–1.8 mL/g) and also particles

• to increase by a factor of two with just one tenth the amount of amorphous rutin compared to raw active agent powder. Light microscopy contributed to the understanding of the loading process. It efficiently revealed that the pore filling follows a distribution in the degree of filling (ranging from

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• according to the IUPAC classification (Figure 3A) [69]. Up to a relative pressure of p/p0 < 0.4 almost no adsorptive interactions take place. The step at a relative pressure of p/p0 = 0.4 is assigned to the filling of micropores. PUUP-800-1 shows the highest uptake in this range because it has the highest

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• electronic structure between the band insulator SrTiO3 and metallic TiO. Here there are two 3d electrons per one Ti2+ divalent titanium ion, partially filling the metallic d-band in the energy diagram. From the orbital perspective, high conductivity is a consequence of the d-orbital overlap from the

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• synthesis [21]. However, after template removal at 450 °C or above, both approaches suffer from agglomeration, non-homogenous distribution, and low insertion of AuNPs in the silicate nanochannels. On the other hand, hexagonal mesostructured silica nanomaterials with dense filling of organic functional

Fabrication of phase masks from amorphous carbon thin films for electron-beam shaping

• Lukas Grünewald,
• Dagmar Gerthsen and
• Simon Hettler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1290–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.128

• top to protect the structure during TEM lamella fabrication. We stabilized the free-standing thin films for the lamella preparation by filling the pyramid-shaped trenches with glue. (d) The scheme presents a possible explanation for fast hole formation towards the end of the pattern milling process

Angle-dependent structural colors in a nanoscale-grating photonic crystal fabricated by reverse nanoimprint technology

• Xu Zheng,
• Qing Wang,
• Jinjin Luan,
• Yao Li,
• Ning Wang and
• Rui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1211–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.120

• solution was firstly poured onto the PC mould after degassing; (2) the PDMS film was fabricated through spin-coating at a speed of 500 rpm; (3) the photonic crystal was fabricated by reverse imprinting with the parameters of 0.5 MPa and 80 °C for 4 h to complete filling and cross-linking; (4) the photonic

Revisiting semicontinuous silver films as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates

• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Małgorzata Norek,
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz and
• Piotr Nyga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1048–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.105

• thicknesses of semicontinuous Ag films and estimated values of metal filling factors. Acknowledgements This research was supported by the LIDER/23/22/L-3/11/NCBR/2012 grant funded by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development. This work was performed in the frame of the European Cooperation in

Electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with concentration dependence

• Ke Wang,
• Hai Wang,
• Min Zhang,
• Yan Liu and
• Wei Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 993–1001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.100

• experimentally demonstrated that substitutional doping of TMDs could be achieved by filling the vacancies observed in CVD-grown monolayer TMDs [18]. Liu et al. [19] prepared epitaxial copper-doped ZnO films and observed that the substitution of Cu for Zn and the presence of strong Cu–Zn–O bonds are necessary for

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• ]. Therefore, the adsorptive volume contains both information about pore filling and the formation of multilayers or swelling. The porosity (P) in the layers is calculated from the isotherm when all the pores accessible to the probe molecules have been filled. Using the Lorentz–Lorenz equation, P can be

• vapor. The example is reported for the layer deposited with 1 s plasma exposure time and annealed at 400 °C. In the adsorption branch, two water uptake stages in the formed porosity were identified at 20% and 60% relative humidity. In the literature, these uptakes were attributed to filling of

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• exception. For FePP we obtain a magnetic moment of 4μB in the isolated molecule, while the adsorbed molecule has a magnetic moment of 1.69μB. The magnetic moments for different TMPP molecules are separated by approximately 1μB as a consequence of the gradual filling of the 3d orbitals. The largest magnetic

Commercial polycarbonate track-etched membranes as substrates for low-cost optical sensors

• Paula Martínez-Pérez and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 677–683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.67

• substance filling the pores, measured spectral positions for them during the experiment and calculated sensitivity values. Acknowledgements This research was funded by the Spanish Government through grant TEC2015-63838-C3-1-R-OPTONANOSENS and the Universitat Politècnica de València through grants PAID-01

Coexisting spin and Rabi oscillations at intermediate time regimes in electron transport through a photon cavity

• Vidar Gudmundsson,
• Hallmann Gestsson,
• Nzar Rauf Abdullah,
• Chi-Shung Tang,
• Andrei Manolescu and
• Valeriu Moldoveanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 606–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.61

• vanishes because, on one hand, the cavity is lossy with κ = 1.0 × 10−5 meV, and on the other hand, the filling of the single-electron ground state prevents further radiative transitions. We focus our attention on this intermediate regime, and for a part of it we show the mean photon number and the z

Direct observation of the CVD growth of monolayer MoS₂ using in situ optical spectroscopy

• Claudia Beatriz López-Posadas,
• Yaxu Wei,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Daniel Kahr,
• Michael Hohage and
• Lidong Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 557–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.57

• before filling with Ar gas and the pressure of Ar was maintained at 0.1 Torr until the end of the process. An horizontal tube furnace with a single heating zone and a heating belt were applied as heating elements for the substrate, MoO3 and sulfur, respectively. To establish the temperature distribution