Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• hinder the delivery of sufficient drug concentrations to the infection site [33]. Systemic barriers refer to challenges associated with the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics, such as rapid clearance, nonspecific distribution, and interactions with healthy tissues [35]. These factors are responsible for

• receptors and ligands, as well as the number of interactions necessary to overcome the energy barrier for cellular uptake. Properly balancing these factors ensures efficient binding and internalization of the nanoparticles by the target cells [50][51]. For example, nanoparticles can be engineered to

• modifications prevent rapid uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, prolonging the presence of the drug in the bloodstream and increasing drug levels in the central nervous system [62]. Additionally, functionalizing liposomes with ligands or antibodies can facilitate specific interactions with cell surface

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• plays a crucial role in determining their stability and interactions with biological systems. EE can be determined by separating the liposomes from the non-encapsulated drug using techniques such as size exclusion chromatography or centrifugation, followed by quantification of the encapsulated drug

• . Other characterization techniques include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study membrane fluidity and phase transitions, fluorescence spectroscopy for investigating drug–liposome interactions, and capillary electrophoresis to analyze liposome–drug interactions and drug release [110][121

• the liposomes from the free drugs and enables the determination of the EE [110]. CE offers advantages, such as low sample and buffer consumption, short analysis times, and the possibility of investigating interactions between drugs and liposomes directly in the separation capillary [125]. The

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• our comprehension of laser–material interactions and hold potential implications for surface engineering and material science applications. Keywords: cross section of LIPSS; high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL); laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS); low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL

• how metal surfaces respond to incident wavelengths [53][54]. This work advances our comprehension of LIPSS structures and their applications, shedding new light on the interplay between incident wavelengths and surface interactions. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of optical

• properties, laser parameters, and material characteristics in determining penetration depth, thereby contributing to the broader understanding of light–material interactions. Materials and Methods Materials A double-sided polished stainless steel surface (SS304) with a thickness of 100 µm was utilized

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• surrounding environment, including immunosuppression in T cells via PD-1/PD-L1 axis, recruitment of stem cells via CXCR4/CXCL2 chemokine axis, maturation of immune cells via membrane interactions, and various other physical/chemical interactions, uncover the emergence of cell membrane-based drug delivery

• tracking and profound interactions within complex biological environments can be achieved by using biomimetic NPs with prolonged circulation time, summarized in Figure 1. Moreover, research in NP-mediated drug delivery has been shifted to focus on the use of cell-derived cancer therapies/engineered or live

• with a specific focus on their types and recent advancements only for cancer treatment. This review focuses on the recent advancements in biomimetic nanomedicines engineered with various biomaterials, emphasizing their interactions with different types of tumors and tumor microenvironment (TME). It

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• characteristic peaks confirm the presence of functional groups associated with PE-CEO and polymer interactions. The broad absorption band around 3300 cm−1 corresponds to O–H stretching vibrations, indicating hydrogen bonding between the biopolymer and PE-CEO components [24]. The intensity of the peaks at 1730 cm

• −1 (C=O stretching from ester or carboxyl groups) and 1600 cm−1 (C=C stretching of aromatic rings) changes with increasing PE-CEO concentration, suggesting interactions between PE-CEO and the polymer network [44]. These variations indicate successful incorporation of PE-CEO, which could influence the

• in diameter and ≈1 μm in length. Pure BP films (Figure 3b) exhibited a relatively smooth surface with visible small pores, indicative of weak intermolecular interactions. The incorporation of NC into the PVA matrix significantly reduced surface roughness and void formation, suggesting enhanced

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• - or intermolecularly cross-linked by chemical bonding or physical interaction (Figure 1). Physical cross-linking is performed using interactions other than the covalent bond, such as hydrogen bonding or ionic interaction. Physical cross-links can be reversibly dissociated and recombined under specific

• (intramolecular) [44][57][148]. The process of nanogel particle formation may involve physical methods [164] or chemical reactions [165]. For example, nanogels can be obtained through electrostatic interactions generated by the ionization technique with electrospray [166]. Ionizing radiation can also be used for

• thermodynamic activity of the system). Thus, the physicochemical properties related to the first approach involve only the interactions between drugs and vehicles. On the other hand, changing the drug solubility and/or its diffusion through SC is much more complex and comprises multiple interactions among drug

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• potential values > ±30 mV are indicative of nanoparticle stability, as strong electrostatic repulsion prevents aggregation and ensures colloidal stability [20][21]. While these measurements provide important physicochemical insights, further evidence of the chemical incorporation and potential interactions

• nanocomposite. Additionally, a noticeable reduction in the intensity of the amide-related bands in CS/TPP-β-CD-rot suggests possible interactions – such as hydrogen bonding or covalent bonding – between rotenoids and the chitosan matrix. These spectral features confirm the successful incorporation of rotenoids

• into the chitosan-based nanocomposite and suggest molecular interactions that may contribute to the enhanced stability and bioactivity of the formulation. To complement the physicochemical characterization and confirm the efficiency of rotenoid encapsulation within the nanoparticles, a calibration

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• slight strain in the lattice. A vacuum slab of 20 Å thickness was introduced along the radial direction to minimize spurious interactions between adjacent NT images in the simulation. This ensures that the periodic boundary conditions do not artificially influence the electronic and structural properties

• could form a surface dipole, enhancing the interaction of the NT with external molecules. Such structural features are particularly relevant for potential applications in gas sensing, where surface interactions play a critical role in sensitivity and selectivity. The adsorption energy Eads for CP with

• comparison to the oxygen atoms of CP, which may be attributed to the availability of three lone pairs with each chlorine atom in comparison to the two lone pairs with each oxygen atoms. To gain deeper insight into these interactions, a Mulliken population analysis was performed, revealing the extent of

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• bacterial adhesion through short-range electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Before deposition on the PLL-coated substrate, the bacterial suspension was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 3 min, and the resulting supernatant was removed. The bacteria were then resuspended in 150 μL of PBS to increase their

• loading force of 500 pN for each nanoindentation applied in a pre-programmed grid of 48 points per line to quantify surface interactions and the mechanical response of bacteria. This allowed us to simultaneously acquire maps with enough resolution on the sample surface to identify individual bacteria and

• obtain the mechanical response from the membrane rigidity within a reversible regime. The advantage of mapping bacteria at low loading forces is that surface interactions between the tip and cell membrane can be analyzed, and information related to its adhesion or surface charge could be revealed with

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• ), while the carbon species inside the particle core also resemble metal-carbon species [103][104], although a clear classification and quantification is difficult due to the presence of multiple elements. Thus, multiple interactions may lead to signal shifts that can easily be misinterpreted. Still, the

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• interactions. Scanning distortions due to non-linearities in the scan are also trickier to correct and harder to avoid in fast scanning. Some of these artifacts can be eliminated or attenuated by image processing techniques [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Another resolution-limiting factor in AFM is the tip

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• solution remained stably dispersed in PBS, as was the case for AlClPc (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1). The results indicate that the nanoparticles generated by pulsed laser irradiation will be coated tightly with F-127 molecules through hydrophobic interactions between the extremely hydrophobic

• hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic nanoparticles’ surface and the hydrophobic PPO block of F-127. A nanoemulsion having a core (MPcs or PtOEP nanoparticle)–shell (F-127) structure formed immediately after laser fragmentation of microcrystals, leading to the generation of highly dispersive

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• [30][31]. The piezoelectric property of 2D hBN arises from its noncentrosymmetric structure, supported by these van der Waals interactions [32]. The excellent biocompatibility of hBN makes it attractive for diverse applications, including cosmetics, drug delivery, cancer treatment, orthopedic implants

• performed to investigate the main interactions between HOb cells and NMs with US stimulation. HOb cells were cultured in a High-Glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) (Pan Biotech) medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Pan Biotech), 1% penicillin streptomycin

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• heterocoronene discotic liquid phase molecules can also serve as an excellent case study for intermolecular interactions in bulky molecular systems. Based on molecular nanoarchitectonics, this will facilitate the establishment of design rules for optimal performance in device applications. Extended π-conjugated

• polyelectrolyte–surfactant complexes (Figure 10) [260]. The complex structures consist of polyaniline appended with amino groups and monododecyl phosphate. The intricate films were produced using a spin coating method. The films displayed distinct lamellar structures, resulting from the strong interactions

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• with a PI of ca. 0.3 (inset Figure 4A). The supramolecular construct 1·2 was stable for days, and its formation and stability can be reasonably attributed to both hydrophobic and stacking interactions between the aliphatic chains and the aromatic regions of the host and guest components. Encapsulation

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• ultrafast phenomena, enabling precise control of material properties [55][56][57][58]. This advancement has catalyzed new directions in nanomaterial processing and synthesis, such as producing controlled NPs through ultrafast laser–matter interactions. A notable example is the production of monodisperse NPs

• in aqueous solutions via laser pulse exposures [1][59], demonstrating practical applications and underscoring the need for deeper insights into non-equilibrium light–matter interactions. Experimental approaches to uncover the underlying reaction kinetics of such complex interactions have been diverse

• single-pulse, single-particle imaging using XFELs has enabled nanoscale-resolution observations of ultrafast irreversible processes. XFELs’ unique combination of spatial coherence, ultrahigh brightness, and femtosecond pulse durations provides a powerful probe for studying interactions between strong

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• the mitochondria actively react morphodynamically to the nanopipette’s surface potential properties. In living cells, mitochondrial interactions with the cytoskeleton play a critical role in shaping and regulating mitochondrial function (Figure 8a and Figure 9). Among cytoskeletal components

• ) Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1477 “Light-Matter Interactions at Interfaces”, project number 441234705 and the CRC 1270/2 “Electrically Active Implants”, project number 299150580.

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• over many years based on theoretical simulations of NC-AFM data for a variety of plausible tip models [9][19][20][21][22]. Through further endeavors, a qualitative distance-dependent approach involving electrostatic interactions and Pauli repulsion has recently been exemplified on CaF2(111) [10]. As a

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• surfaces through substantial interactions. To confirm the formation of the ternary NC, the XRD analysis of the GVF was performed. As shown in Figure 3a, the characteristic peaks of GVF corresponding to the α phase of Fe2O3 and VO2, along with the signature peak of rGO were observed. To be specific, the

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• was possible to identify different types of interactions between Pt NPs and cerium oxide surfaces including electron transfer from Pt NPs to CeO2 and transport of oxygen atoms from ceria to Pt NPs, the latter occurring only when the ceria support surface is nanostructured [26]. In addition, thanks to

• rationalized the observed high activity of the material in direct methanol fuel cells [37]. Regarding the Ni-CeO2−x(111) system, a study of the methanol reaction revealed that the strong metal–support interactions between Ni and CeO2 determines the high selectivity for CO2 production, instead of the formation

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• spacing of 0.62 nm and weak van der Waals interactions between them. At a sodium ion intercalation potential of about 1.4 V vs Na/Na+, the thermodynamically preferred 2H-MoS2 phase transforms into the metastable 1T-MoS2 phase [3][4]. With further increase in the intercalated sodium concentration

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• combinations that control the configurational entropy of mixing, phase, and free energy of the material. Consequently, the magnetic phase transition of CCAs can be tuned by altering their chemical composition because of the different elemental interactions [17]. A significant advantage of using CCAs is their

• higher transition temperature compared to the Ge-based CCA implies stronger magnetic interactions in the Al-based CCA, which are able to persist even at higher temperatures. The broader dip in the dM/dT–T curve, compared to the sharper drop seen in the Ge-based CCA, suggests that the magnetic ordering in

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• plays an important role in the stability and functionality of nanoscale structures. Van der Waals forces are supramolecular intermolecular interactions that govern the agglomeration of nanomaterials. Carbon nanostructures with π-conjugated systems (fullerene, carbon nanotube, and graphene) have π–π

• interactions, a type of van der Waals force, for supramolecular attraction [9]. Particularly, graphene sheets with a large surface area and π-conjugated network are likely to stack together through hydrophobic agglomeration and π–π interaction. Although π–π interactions are generally weaker than hydrogen

• , leading to facile brush coating on plastic films of polylactide (PLA). Dehydrated GO-SG-ZH coating is adhered to the PLA substrate through interfacial interactions. Furthermore, antibacterial activities, coating stability, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite materials were investigated and

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• the as-prepared films is given in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4. These differences are likely attributed to variations in solvent properties and particle interactions during deposition. The morphologies of the FeS2 thin films vary depending on the different synthesis and fabrication

• interactions with the material (FeS2 in this case) play a significant role in morphology. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that high-polarity solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol) tend to promote faster nucleation and growth, leading to larger NPs (≈26 nm), whereas low-viscosity and highly volatile

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• coupling between Fe ions, (iii) the analysis of interactions between the magnetic core and the sucrose shell and their impact on core surface magnetic moments, (iv) the impact of the core surface and nonmagnetic additives on the saturation magnetization of the investigated compound [19], and (v) the

• consequences of the dissolution process in terms of microstructural changes and interactions between iron ions. The paper is organized as follows: the “Result and Discussion” section is divided into subsections relating to the individual measurement technique used, presenting measurement results and their

• the microcapsule as a magnetic system, it is expected that the sucrose shell will prevent or significantly diminish interactions between nanoparticles, also probably modifies the surface state of the core. To understand the low-temperature magnetic state of the FS0 sample, the zero field cooled