Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• to create and analyze SF films with various nanostructures that exhibit tunable optical properties depending on the structure. When combined with silicon photodiodes, the power conversion efficiency increased by 6.96% with flat SF films and 14.9% with nanopatterned SF films. This demonstrates the

• shield the wound region from external harm and dehydration. Microstructure, mechanical characteristics, surface wettability, anti-microbial action, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and effectiveness of the bilayer wound dressing were also examined [166]. Light-activable nanostructures Biomaterials

• design offers a large surface area. They are biocompatible, lowering the possibility of negative immune responses, and are adaptable to the use as films, gels, or scaffolds for different kinds of wounds [169]. Materials such as gold nanoparticles, graphene oxide, and silicon nanostructures are frequently

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• specifically designed for the diagnosis and inhibition of AβOs. One example of this innovative approach is demonstrated by Viola et al., who designed mono-dispersed nitro-dopamine (nDOPA)- and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stabilized magnetic nanostructures (MNSs) in a size range of 12–16 nm. The surface of these

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• the presence of the well-known biomarker H1 protein of influenza A H1N1 virus. This biosensor employs a differential pulse voltammetry technique to quantify H1 protein. The developed biosensor combines commercial electrodes with functionalized nanostructures and monoclonal antibodies to recognize H1

• standard deviation of 44 nm, which suggests size polydispersity (Figure 2D). The flower-like morphology of the nanostructures provides small Au domains across the electrode surface. The shape of these domains confers them with larger surface area than other types of nanostructures with plain geometric

• one electron [33]. Typically, the sensing capabilities of electrochemical systems can be limited by the effective electroactive area of the electrode [34]. One approach to increase this parameter is the modification of electrodes with nanostructures that possess high surface area [35]. The strategy

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• tool offers many advantages in making nanostructures with complex shapes and novel compositions for evolving nanotechnological applications. In this work, structures were nanoprinted using a fluorine-free β-ketoesterate complex, bis(tert-butylacetoacetate)palladium(II), [Pd(tbaoac)2]. The internal

• promising precursor for nanoprinting 3D structures with finely focused electron beams. Keywords: 3D nanoprinting; electron-induced molecule dissociation; focused electron beam-induced deposition; metal nanostructures; metalorganic complexes; Introduction Direct fabrication of nanostructures without the

• ][11][12] properties at the nanometer scale. One method that is capable of creating such nanostructures is focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In this technique, a focused electron beam decomposes adsorbed molecules on a substrate in vacuum

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• various parameters is extensively examined and elucidated. Experimental parameters, spanning from plasma generation to ion beam extraction, are systematically optimized for the study of low-energy Ar-ion-induced nanostructures on silicon. The dependence of the extracted ion beam on gas pressure, magnetron

• formation of well-defined nanoscale ripple patterns. The prominence of ripple structures increases with prolonged irradiation time, while bombardment at 72.5° with the same ion beam parameters leads to the coarsening of nanostructures. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements

• confirm the formation of nanostructures as observed from atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. The thickness of the amorphous thin layer is in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations (SRIM) [31]. The article further investigates and explains the optical response (by UV–vis spectrometry) of the

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• activity, and semiconductor properties. By doping ZnO nanoparticles with transition metals, we can alter their electrical, optical, and magnetic properties by introducing new electronic states into the band structure. Herein, Ag is added to ZnO nanostructures to improve their optical properties to detect

• synthesized nanorods possess a crystalline structure, specifically a wurtzite hexagonal phase structure (space group: 186: P63mc) and exhibit advantageous optical properties. The integration of Ag into ZnO nanostructures enhances their optical characteristics and improves their ability to detect heavy metal

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• ; microstructures; nanostructures; wettability; The surfaces of living organisms are continuously interacting with their surroundings. As a result, they encounter a variety of challenges arising from both external and internal stimuli. Consequently, these surfaces must be multifunctional and adapt to numerous

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• -functionalized carbon nanostructures (CNs) were evaluated in vitro on a GBM cell line (U87MG), as well as their radiosensitizing properties after exposure of the pre-treated GBM cells to gamma radiation with a standard clinical dose for patients with GBM. All prepared formulations underwent biopharmaceutical and

• nanostructures; cytotoxicity; glioblastoma multiforme; radiosensitizing properties; temozolomide; Introduction Carbon-based nanostructures (CNs) such as graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanohorns and nanodiamonds (NDs), and their hybrids are becoming

• enable transport and delivery to brain tumors. Inorganic nanostructures as TMZ carriers have shown several advantages compared to organic ones with respect to physicochemical stability and potency/cytotoxic activity, overcoming their main disadvantages, that is, hydrophobicity/fluidity and toxicity by

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• Philipp Rahe Ilko Bald Nadine Hauptmann Regina Hoffmann-Vogel Harry Monig Michael Reichling Institut für Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany Institute of Chemistry, Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25, 14476 Potsdam

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• , which employs micro- and nanostructures to repel water, we investigate the application of silicone nanofilaments (SNFs) as a coating on steel surfaces to mitigate scaling. Silicone nanofilaments, previously successful on polymers, textiles, and glass, are explored for their hydrophobic properties and

• multiscale structuring, from micron-sized hair-like structures all the way to nanometer-scale spikes and indentations can maintain the layer of air between the cuticle and water, which is needed for Collembola survival (Figure 1C,D). Inspired by the intricate nanostructures found on Collembola skin, we

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• -dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, using Ansys Lumerical 2024 R1 (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA). The diamond nanostructures were approximated via an idealized single diamond network approximated by triply periodic minimal surface model from its level-set equation [52]. Diamond

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• /bjnano.15.129 Abstract This work presents a unique and straightforward method to synthesise hafnium oxide (HfO2) and hafnium carbide (HfC) nanoparticles (NPs) and to fabricate hafnium nanostructures (NSs) on a Hf surface. Ultrafast picosecond laser ablation of the Hf metal target was performed in three

• insight into their morphological and optical characteristics paving way for their applications in future. Keywords: hafnium; laser ablation in liquids; nanofibres; nanoparticles; nanostructures; Introduction Hafnium (Hf) is a tetravalent transition metal with compounds showing excellent thermal and

• and hexagonal phases were observed at higher input pulse energies. We believe these correspond to HfO2 and Hf6O, respectively. Further, in [10], we did not explore the formation of surface nanostructures on Hf after ablation. Therefore, the current study intends to understand the role of input pulse

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• for the subsequent growth of the SiOx films. These SiOx films have interesting properties and embedded nanostructures, which make them excellent dielectric, optoelectronic, and electroacoustic materials for the fabrication of devices compatible with silicon-based technology. Keywords: 2D model

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• drug absorption by the mononuclear phagocytic system due to its hydrophilic barrier [59]. Although PEG-coated nanostructures exhibit promising physicochemical properties, they have shown limitations; studies point to cases of hypersensitivity in PEGylated vaccines [60][61]. Potential adverse immune

• molecule bufalin and covered with platelet membranes demonstrated their ability to evade macrophage uptake and enhance binding to target cancer cells. Together, these results confirm the ability of biomimetic coated nanostructures to evade the immune system, enabling prolonged circulation time and

• , consequently, sustained and controlled release of potential associated drugs [21]. To overcome these limitations and enhance coating efficiency, the decoration of nanostructures with functional ligands increases their biological interactions. Decreasing nonspecific interactions and immunogenicity is one of the

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• proper characterisation of their micro- and nanostructures. In the last years, SEM visualisation, combined with the critical point drying (CPD) procedure, has been widely used in nanostructural studies of diverse hydrogel-like samples, containing cellulose fibrils, or biofilms [7][40][41]. The CPD method

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• spines and setae (Figure 4). The setae display nanostructures in the form of grooves and are hollow (Figure 4D). No morphological distinction was observed between white and black setae (Figure 4A). The cuticle is composed of overlapping lamellae with connective pillars and underlying layers (Figure 5

• ). The SEM and TEM images of the T. bifurca cuticle reveal that the cuticle sculpturing and setae together with the black pigment may facilitate structural light absorption (Figure 5). The setae in Figure 4, with their grooved nanostructures and hollow interiors, and the stacked lamellae (see L in Figure

• most probably coupled with melanin as in other velvet ants [24]. Similar cases of white–black structural colors can be observed in other insect groups. For instance, the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) exhibits black and white scales with micro- and nanostructures that turn

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• , changes in the structural properties of Ni nanostructures due to ion bombardment have been reported in [15]. Interestingly, certain types of radiation ions have shown a positive effect on the crystal structure, leading to an increase in the degree of crystallinity after the austenitic annealing of defects

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• Focused ion beam-induced deposition (FIBID) and focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) are vacuum-based, charged-particle bottom-up nanofabrication techniques that directly fabricate metal containing nanostructures as a consequence of the reactions between ions or electrons and organometallic

• used as a precursor for creating pure Pt films during FIBID. However, using Pt(CO)2X2 as precursors for depositing nanostructures by means of FIBID will require gas injection systems that can be heated sufficiently to maintain a reasonable precursor partial pressure during deposition. Thus, the AES and

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• manipulate the transmission of light modes, similar to how nanostructures have been utilized to regulate electron-related phenomena. Here we study the optical performance of a one-dimensional stacked photonic crystal based on LN and TiO2/SiO2. We studied the quarter wavelength multi-layered stack using

• from the visible to the infrared (400–5000 nm) [13]. The high degree of flexibility in fabrication created functional photonic nanostructures such as microring, periodically poled lithium niobate, and photonic crystals [14][15]. This versatility makes it suitable for DBRs to be used in various

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.15.112 Abstract This work presents a simple chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method to grow ZnO nanostructures. By

• results prove that ZnO exhibits many novel nanostructures that can foster the development of next-generation optoelectronic nanodevices and new applications in biological and biomedical fields. Keywords: chemical vapour deposition; electron microscopy; Raman and photoluminescent spectra; ZnO

• nanostructures; Introduction In recent decades, nanomaterials whose diameters are in the range of 1–100 nm have been of intensive interest because they exhibit dimension-dependent intriguing behaviours that are different from their bulk counterparts. These special behaviours come from quantum confinement and

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• nanostructures are carbon dot structures (CDs). These structures have recently become a common field of study because of their properties including chemical stability, water solubility, and easy synthesis and functionalization. Carbon dots, were first discovered by Xu and his working group [1] while purifying

• nanostructures are obtained by using small nanoscale blocks. The hydrothermal synthesis method, which is a bottom-up method, is generally used in the synthesis of CDs. A very wide range of source materials, simple reaction equipment, and easy control of reaction conditions are the features that make this method

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• of artificial surfaces, such as rough coatings on high-speed trains [12], dimples on golf balls [13], and shark skin denticles on aircrafts [14]. Some micromachines can also benefit from micro- and nanostructures that create roughness on surfaces and influence aerodynamics and heat transfer [15]. The

• these biomimetic materials. For instance, the cuticle of sawfly larvae has complex nanostructures and wax crystals that result in hydrophobicity [20]. By incorporating these properties, manufacturers may develop self-cleaning surfaces that maintain their low-friction characteristics even in harsh

• pheomelanin) [21][22][23] (but see [24][25] for other pigments). Especially structural coloration provides a wealth of inspiration for creating vivid, durable colors without the use of dyes. This natural phenomenon involves the manipulation of light by micro- and nanostructures on the cuticle (e.g

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• nanostructures were measured using an Epoch2 spectrophotometer (BioTek, USA). Hydrodynamic radius and polydispersity index (PDI) were measured using dynamic light scattering (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern, UK). The zeta potential measurements were conducted to determine the surface charge for both isotropic and

• change in surface plasmon resonance of the metal nanostructures. A single absorbance peak correlates to the symmetrical shape and collective oscillation of free electrons on the nanoparticle surface. This phenomenon is known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), a characteristic feature of

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• 10.3762/bjnano.15.104 Abstract Although the microwave-assisted sol–gel method is quite frequently used for the preparation of oxide nanostructures, the synergism of the reaction pathways is not fully explained. However, state-of-the-art theoretical and practical results of high novelty can be achieved by

• photocatalysts; water depollution; Introduction Over the past decades, significant research has been focused on designing and preparing nanostructures of various shapes and sizes, which exhibit unique properties and potential applications [1]. Considerable advancements have been made in synthesizing

• preferred for synthesizing oxide nanostructures because of their advantages, such as uniform mixing of precursors at the molecular level, low operating temperatures, and the ability to control the physicochemical properties of the final products [5][6]. Among various chemical techniques, the sol–gel method

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• Photonics, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.15.103 Abstract Focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a novel technique for the development of multimaterial nanostructures. More importantly, it is applicable to the fabrication of free-standing

• nanostructures. Experimenting at the nanoscale requires instruments with sufficient resolution and sensitivity to measure various properties of nanostructures. Such measurements (regardless of the nature of the quantities being measured) are particularly problematic in the case of free-standing nanostructures

• surface or reduced capacitance) are brought by volumetric, self-standing electronic nanostructures, which provide an experimental basis for their own properties and can serve as building blocks for nanoscale devices, in which phenomena such as giant piezoresistivity, single-electron tunnelling, or field