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Search for "oxidation state" in Full Text gives 118 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Size-selected Fe3O4–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

  • Maria V. Efremova,
  • Yulia A. Nalench,
  • Eirini Myrovali,
  • Anastasiia S. Garanina,
  • Ivan S. Grebennikov,
  • Polina K. Gifer,
  • Maxim A. Abakumov,
  • Marina Spasova,
  • Makis Angelakeris,
  • Alexander G. Savchenko,
  • Michael Farle,
  • Natalia L. Klyachko,
  • Alexander G. Majouga and
  • Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

Graphical Abstract
  • properties in biocompatible Fe3O4 NPs is of utmost importance for improved performance in MPH, MRI, or MPI [16][17]. It is essential to obtain Fe3O4 NPs of high crystallinity with bulk-like magnetic properties, which change with the NP size, shape and iron oxidation state [18][19][20]. These parameters can
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Published 16 Oct 2018

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

  • Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

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  • nanoscale levels with respect to the performance and stability of perovskite-based solar light converters. The survey starts from HPs with lead ions partially substituted by isovalent cations of other less toxic metals, then focuses on lead-free HPs where the central metal ion is in the oxidation state of
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Published 21 Aug 2018

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

  • Evgenia Kontoleta,
  • Sven H. C. Askes,
  • Lai-Hung Lai and
  • Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

Graphical Abstract
  • irradiation had caused the formation of nanoparticles. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) mapping clearly confirmed the presence of platinum, when an individual newly formed particle was analyzed (Figure 3d and Figure 3e). Furthermore, the oxidation state of platinum was investigated with X-ray photo
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Published 03 Aug 2018

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

  • Marvin Siebels,
  • Lukas Mai,
  • Laura Schmolke,
  • Kai Schütte,
  • Juri Barthel,
  • Junpei Yue,
  • Jörg Thomas,
  • Bernd M. Smarsly,
  • Anjana Devi,
  • Roland A. Fischer and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

Graphical Abstract
  • not done, because matching of the F Kα1 binding energy against the Lα1 or Lβ1 binding energies for Eu, Gd and Er is not very accurate. The measured oxidation state 3+ of the rare-earth metals in the fluorides was corroborated by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) (Figure 4 and
  • short air contact upon transfer from a Schlenk flask into the TEM and XPS. The oxidation state zero of gadolinium and erbium, i.e., the formation of Gd(0) and Er(0) metal NPs were indirectly supported by the measured XPS binding energies of oxygen and fluorine (Figure 8, Table 3 and Figure S7c
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Published 28 Jun 2018

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS2 nanosheets as field-emission source

  • Geetanjali Deokar,
  • Nitul S. Rajput,
  • Junjie Li,
  • Francis Leonard Deepak,
  • Wei Ou-Yang,
  • Nicolas Reckinger,
  • Carla Bittencourt,
  • Jean-Francois Colomer and
  • Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

Graphical Abstract
  • very small contribution corresponding to MoO3 (Mo6+ oxidation state) phases was also observed (Figure 2b) with Mo 3d5/2 and Mo 3d3/2 component peaks at 232.7 and 235.6 eV, respectively [24]. Additionally, the presence of the main MoS2 phase (corresponding to the observed major peaks) is confirmed by
  • the S 2p core-level spectrum fit presented in Figure 2c, with the S 2p3/2 and S 2p1/2 component peaks appearing at 161.8 and 163 (MoS3) eV (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1), respectively, with a spin–orbit energy separation of 1.2 eV corresponding to MoS2 (S2− oxidation state) [24]. In the O
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Published 07 Jun 2018

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO2-mediated photocatalytic reduction

  • Rashmi Acharya,
  • Brundabana Naik and
  • Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

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Published 16 May 2018

A novel copper precursor for electron beam induced deposition

  • Caspar Haverkamp,
  • George Sarau,
  • Mikhail N. Polyakov,
  • Ivo Utke,
  • Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
  • Silke Christiansen and
  • Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.113

Graphical Abstract
  • function of the resulting material since the permittivity of a metal depends on the oxidation state. To survey the oxidation state in detail, cross-sections of FEBID deposits were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Figure 2c and Figure 2d show the inner FEBID structure of the copper
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Published 18 Apr 2018

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

  • Abdulrahman Altin,
  • Maciej Krzywiecki,
  • Adnan Sarfraz,
  • Cigdem Toparli,
  • Claudius Laska,
  • Philipp Kerger,
  • Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
  • Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
  • Michael Rohwerder and
  • Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

Graphical Abstract
  • Pauling electronegativity [46]. Briefly, the lower α, the higher is the oxidation state of the species [44][45]. UPS measurements were done for probing only the outer surface of the system, utilizing the He II spectral line at 40.8 eV of an UV source (SPECS UVS 300). The emitted photoelectrons were
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Published 20 Mar 2018

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

  • Katja Höflich,
  • Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
  • Katarzyna Madajska,
  • Maximilian Götz,
  • Luisa Berger,
  • Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
  • Caspar Haverkamp,
  • Iwona Szymanska and
  • Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

Graphical Abstract
  • . Furthermore, the electron beam induced deposition of silver is challenging. Many potential precursor candidates have to be heated above 100 °C and show extremely low vapor pressures [22][23][24][25]. This is related to the main oxidation state of +1 for silver, which severely limits the possibility to attach
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Published 08 Mar 2018

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

  • Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
  • Syahidah Binti Afandi,
  • Mehrnoush Khavarian and
  • Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

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  • from 80 °C to 300 °C. By introducing a small amount of Mn (3%) to the CNTs, the catalytic activity of MnOx/CNTs was improved tremendously at a reaction temperature between 150 and 250 °C. This positive performance may be greatly associated with the oxidation state of Mn species as well as the
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Review
Published 27 Feb 2018

Anchoring Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

  • Błażej Scheibe,
  • Radosław Mrówczyński,
  • Natalia Michalak,
  • Karol Załęski,
  • Michał Matczak,
  • Mateusz Kempiński,
  • Zuzanna Pietralik,
  • Mikołaj Lewandowski,
  • Stefan Jurga and
  • Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

Graphical Abstract
  • , shape and oxidation state of MNPs, all of which influence the magnetic properties. The preparation of homogeneous MNPs often requires the use of hydrophobic stabilizers, such as oleic acid, which protect the material from environmental oxidation [37]. Interestingly, in several published articles iron
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Published 15 Feb 2018

Electron interaction with copper(II) carboxylate compounds

  • Michal Lacko,
  • Peter Papp,
  • Iwona B. Szymańska,
  • Edward Szłyk and
  • Štefan Matejčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 384–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.38

Graphical Abstract
  • -Cl-C6H4, C6F5) [33] and [Cu2(t-BuNH2)2(µ-O2CR)4] (R = CnF2n−1, n = 1–6) [34] investigated previously suggested that copper(II) easily changes its oxidation state to Cu(I) in the gas phase and the highest intensity was observed for the fragment Cu2(O2CR)+. On the other hand, copper(I) compounds
  • contained three carboxylate ligands, Cu2L3A2+. Moreover, the ions Cu2L3A+ and Cu2L3A(NH2C2H3)+ were formed for R = Et or s-Bu, respectively. The presence of the following fragments: Cu2L+, CuA2+, CuA+ confirms that the copper oxidation state is reduced from two to one. For all three amine complexes similar
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Published 01 Feb 2018

Electron-driven and thermal chemistry during water-assisted purification of platinum nanomaterials generated by electron beam induced deposition

  • Ziyan Warneke,
  • Markus Rohdenburg,
  • Jonas Warneke,
  • Janina Kopyra and
  • Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 77–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.10

Graphical Abstract
  • approximately to the baseline level (Figure 4). As shown previously [10], changes in oxidation state of Pt, loss of carbon, and the complete loss of the infrared CH stretching bands proceed on the same time scale as the decay of CH4 signals in ESD. Therefore, the complete decay of CH4 desorption appears to
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Published 08 Jan 2018

The rational design of a Au(I) precursor for focused electron beam induced deposition

  • Ali Marashdeh,
  • Thiadrik Tiesma,
  • Niels J. C. van Velzen,
  • Sjoerd Harder,
  • Remco W. A. Havenith,
  • Jeff T. M. De Hosson and
  • Willem F. van Dorp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2753–2765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.274

Graphical Abstract
  • frequencies (below 2143 cm−1) it is suggested that the backbonding is more important than the C→metal donor bond. Early transition metals have a low electronegativity and therefore generally appear as d0-complexes with the metal atom in its highest oxidation state (e.g., Y(III), Ti(IV)). Consequently, there
  • are no electrons available for backbonding and M–CO bonds are weak. There are hardly examples of CO complexes of group 3 and 4 metals of high oxidation state. Early transition metals that appear in a highly unstable low oxidation state, such as Ti(II), may form strong bonds to CO because the d
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Published 20 Dec 2017

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

  • Alexa Schmitz,
  • Kai Schütte,
  • Vesko Ilievski,
  • Juri Barthel,
  • Laura Burk,
  • Rolf Mülhaupt,
  • Junpei Yue,
  • Bernd Smarsly and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

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  • electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the metal/fluoride ratio, as well as the metal oxidation state. The crystalline phase analysis was based on positively matching the experimental powder X-ray diffractograms (PXRDs) to metal-fluoride structures
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Published 22 Nov 2017

Fabrication of CeO2–MOx (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

  • Ling Liu,
  • Jingjing Shi,
  • Hongxia Cao,
  • Ruiyu Wang and
  • Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

Graphical Abstract
  • ) and Co(III) in the CeO2–CoOx sample. It has been reported that the oxidation state of Co can be distinguished by the binding energy and the intensity of shake-up satellites of the Co 2p photo-peak. Generally, Co2+ shows two obvious shake-up satellites at around 785 and 802 eV, while pure Co3+ displays
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Published 16 Nov 2017

The interplay between spin densities and magnetic superexchange interactions: case studies of mono- and trinuclear bis(oxamato)-type complexes

  • Azar Aliabadi,
  • Bernd Büchner,
  • Vladislav Kataev and
  • Tobias Rüffer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2245–2256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.224

Graphical Abstract
  • adapted for the design of higher nuclear complexes that could potentially act as molecular magnetic capacitors [12], or we reported to which extent a ferrocene group in multinuclear bis(oxamato)-type complexes is suited to vary magnetic properties with respect to its oxidation state [13]. Among many
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Published 27 Oct 2017

Vapor-based polymers: from films to nanostructures

  • Meike Koenig and
  • Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2219–2220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.221

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  • chemical vapor deposition [13]. A variation of the process parameters influences the quality of the deposited film as the oligomer content or the oxidation state. Another example of polymers with low solubility are fluoropolymers. Christian and Coclite investigated the deposition of fluoroacrylate polymer
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Editorial
Published 24 Oct 2017

Comprehensive investigation of the electronic excitation of W(CO)6 by photoabsorption and theoretical analysis in the energy region from 3.9 to 10.8 eV

  • Mónica Mendes,
  • Khrystyna Regeta,
  • Filipe Ferreira da Silva,
  • Nykola C. Jones,
  • Søren Vrønning Hoffmann,
  • Gustavo García,
  • Chantal Daniel and
  • Paulo Limão-Vieira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2208–2218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.220

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  • *-orbitals, which play a significant role in the stability of carbonyl complexes, and in particular for W(CO)6 where the tungsten oxidation state is zero. W(CO)6 is a precursor molecule used in electron beam induced deposition (EBID) to produce well-defined tungsten-containing nanostructures [21][22
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Published 23 Oct 2017

Ta2N3 nanocrystals grown in Al2O3 thin layers

  • Krešimir Salamon,
  • Maja Buljan,
  • Iva Šarić,
  • Mladen Petravić and
  • Sigrid Bernstorff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2162–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.215

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  • corresponds to the emission from Ta–N bonds, while the second doublet at BE of 26.6 and 28.5 eV corresponds to a higher oxidation state of tantalum, we assign it to the Ta–O bonds [32]. Furthermore, the Ta 4p and the N 1s photoemission (Figure S2 in Supporting Information File 1) imply the bonding of nitrogen
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Published 16 Oct 2017

Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

  • Nicholas D. Cultrara,
  • Maxx Q. Arguilla,
  • Shishi Jiang,
  • Chuanchuan Sun,
  • Michael R. Scudder,
  • R. Dominic Ross and
  • Joshua E. Goldberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.164

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  • + oxidation state. For comparison, a Ge(111) wafer having surface oxide contains Ge 2p3/2 peaks at 1216.3 for Ge0, and peaks of oxidized Ge2+ to Ge4+, which range from 1218.2 to 1220.6 eV. Figure 4b shows the Ga 3d5/2 and Ge 3d5/2 XPS spectra for the 2.3% Ga:GeH crystals after exposure to ambient conditions
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Published 09 Aug 2017

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films

  • Yuriy Y. Smolin,
  • Masoud Soroush and
  • Kenneth K. S. Lau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128

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  • , and varying the oxidant flowrate can directly influence the oxidation state of PANI. Changing the reactor pressure from 700 to 35 mTorr does not have a significant effect on the deposited film chemistry, indicating that the oCVD PANI process is not concentration dependent. This work shows that oCVD
  • can be used for depositing PANI and for effectively controlling the chemical state of PANI. Keywords: conducting polymers; emeraldine oxidation state; oxidative chemical vapor deposition; polyaniline; thin film processing; Introduction Conducting polymers (CPs) have attracted considerable attention
  • amine (N–C) and imine (N=C) units exist within the polymer chains. From the ratio of the 1577 to 1490 cm−1 peak intensities, it is possible to determine the oxidation state of the film [51]. For the as-deposited BC film, the ratio of the peak intensities is 1.77, which suggests that the deposited film
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Published 16 Jun 2017

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

  • Urszula Klekotka,
  • Magdalena Rogowska,
  • Dariusz Satuła and
  • Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

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  • [6]. This explains why the stabilization of nanoparticles with active surface compounds is so important [7]. Well-determined or highly engineered surface modification can expand the usability of spontaneous features of nanomaterials (oxidation state, affinity to special compounds, etc
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Published 13 Jun 2017

ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZnxS2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts

  • Florian Donat,
  • Serge Corbel,
  • Halima Alem,
  • Steve Pontvianne,
  • Lavinia Balan,
  • Ghouti Medjahdi and
  • Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110

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  • for the degradation of Orange II in the absence of salts (k = 0.022, 0.021 and 0.024 min−1 for reactions conducted in the presence of FeCl3, FeCl2 and ZnCl2, respectively). Noteworthy is also that metal cations in their lowest oxidation state (like Fe2+) do not trap holes (Fe2+ + h+ → Fe3+) and that
  • metal cations in their highest oxidation state do not scavenge electrons (Fe3+ + e− → Fe2+) – contrary to results observed with many TiO2-based photocatalysts [49]. We suppose that this result originates from the heterojunction built between the ZnO and ZCIS materials, which improves charge transfer
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Published 17 May 2017

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO2 nanorods

  • Romana Cerc Korošec,
  • Polona Umek,
  • Alexandre Gloter,
  • Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
  • Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

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  • octahedrons, leading to an average oxidation state of 3.9, which is common for 2 × 2 tunnel structures [6][7]. The numerous studies are based on the fact that this low-cost and environmentally friendly material possesses some excellent properties: conductivity, microporosity, and catalytic activity [1]. It
  • produces materials with novel morphologies and enhanced catalytic properties [14][15]. The 2 × 2 tunnel structures, prepared by different methods, showed different thermal properties that depend on the average oxidation state of manganese, the type and content of cations situated in the tunnels, and also
  • ). The measured spectra show no signs of radiation damage of the samples: subsequent spectra measured at the same spot are, except for the noise, identical to the first one. No change in the oxidation state or in the structure is detected. The summed spectra are used for further analysis. Figure 5 shows
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Published 10 May 2017
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