Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• overall study that would be required, such as characterisation of the stock solution and assessment of the nanomaterials’ stability in the test medium. However, the beauty of the instance map approach is that this linking of experiments/experimental steps is easy. A related data capture template has been

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• stability on steel. Our study demonstrates the successful coating of stainless steel with SNFs, achieving super-hydrophobicity and resilience under high shear stress and explosion/decompression tests. Scaling experiments reveal a 75.5% reduction in calcium carbonate deposition on SNF-coated steel surfaces

• stability and hydrophobicity of these bioinspired nanofilaments on steel, a key material for industrial antiscaling applications that has not been investigated in this context. We test whether SNF coatings can prevent scaling of steel surfaces. In the following session, we describe a reliable procedure to

• coat stainless steel (Type 316) with nanofilaments, discuss stability test of the coatings, and the results of scaling experiments. Results and Discussion Nanofilamant performance and stability on steel Shear stress test of SNF coatings on steel Previous applications of SNF technology have been focused

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• . Fl is also more likely to be found inside p(Hist-CA) than on the surface. The addition of glucose (5 mM) also shows no significant changes, indicating the stability of Fl@p(Hist-CA) under typical glucose and pH conditions. The addition of ACh to Fl@p(Hist-CA) significantly increases Fl emission

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• complexes with liposomal components, enhancing both liposome stability and drug encapsulation. To gain deeper insight into the mechanisms underpinning SO’s potential as an endosomal escape agent, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have emerged as an indispensable computational tool. These simulations

• uniformity. However, the zeta potential significantly decreased to −24.12 ± 5.75 mV, reflecting a substantial change in surface charge due to the anionic nature of SO, which may enhance colloidal stability through electrostatic repulsion. The Aurein 1.2-modified liposomes (AUR-Lipo) showed a notable increase

• notable stability across the studied pH range. In contrast, SO-Lipo exhibited a significant reduction in the negativity of its zeta potential (−0.86 ± 5.14 mV), consistent with the expected protonation of SO to OLA under acidic conditions. Most strikingly, AUR-Lipo underwent a critical transition, as

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• such as: loss of stability, low efficiency in crossing biological barriers, inadequate efficacy in reaching target active molecules, and poor biodistribution [13][14]. Nanocarriers are employed to transport raw materials, which can be vesicles or solid nanoparticles [15]. Despite the significant

• neuronal mitochondria, as evidenced by fluorescence intensities identified in brain homogenates, and reduced Aβ1 deposition, demonstrating the ability of the nanocomposite to cross the BBB [71]. Inorganic nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, magnetic, and chemical properties and stability. Gold

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• pectins) (91 mN) than for plantain (32 mN) (pectins and some cellulose). We suppose that cellulose fibrils are involved rather in the mucilage stability than in the adhesion process itself [26][27][29]. However, more detailed studies including mucilages with higher content of cellulose (Ocimum basilicum

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• , stability, and other important qualities [14][15]. Iron oxide NPs, because of their minimal toxicity, are considered the most preferred agents for studying various biomedical applications [16]. There are many studies proving the biocompatibility of iron oxide NPs, and because of their unique properties

• cell labeling [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Their biocompatibility and stability fill the niche of applications that require properties unattainable by organic materials. Size control, prevention of aggregation through coating, specific interactions and dispersion, and the ability to penetrate cellular and

• , it can be concluded that the effects of all investigated samples on liver tissue exhibit a multifaceted character and diverse mechanisms of activity. These mechanisms depend on the size of Fe3O4 NPs, the hydrophilic shell diameter, solubility, aggregation, stability, and various other physicochemical

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• conductivity, and potent catalytic activity, make them ideal candidates for environmental monitoring and remediation [3]. Modifying silver nanoparticles with various biological molecules, peptides, proteins, and enzymes has further enhanced their functionality, stability, and selectivity towards specific

• confirmed via zeta potential measurements. The zeta potential values of ʟ-car-AgNP1, ʟ-car-AgNP2, ʟ-car-AgNP3, ʟ-car-AgNP4, and ʟ-car-AgNP5 were −40.9 ± 3.42, −39.5 ± 3.43, −40.9 ± 3.94, −38.6 ± 4.58, and −40.9 ± 4.80, respectively. Zeta potentials beyond ±30 mV indicate excellent colloidal stability due to

• approach has facilitated the development of nanoparticles that exhibit controlled size and stability, which is crucial for various applications. ʟ-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles, designated as ʟ-car-AgNPs, were extensively characterized using UV–vis absorbance, DLS, zeta potential, FTIR, Raman

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• characteristics such as greater absorption capacity, greater bioavailability, controlled release of active ingredients, improved solubility of hydrophobic substances in water, and good kinetic stability [12][13][14]. Metallic nanoparticles have been investigated as a promising approach for vector control. The

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• the ZP values of particles (expressing their electrostatic repulsion) controls the stability of colloidal dispersions according to the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory [39]. For the computational analysis, the TIP3P force field was employed for water, while the DREIDING force field was

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• material for electrochemical sensor applications because of their high loading quantity and surface area, defined structures, and chemical stability [19][20]. Since the first report by Yaghi and his group in 1994 [21], MOFs have attracted great attention. The first publication related to a fluorescent

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• . We discuss the obstacles in the conventional delivery of phytochemicals, the fundamental architecture of PLHNPs, and the types of PLHNPs, highlighting their ability to improve encapsulation efficiency, stability, and controlled release of the encapsulated phytochemicals. In addition, the surface

• diseases. Keywords: bioavailability; phytochemical; polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles; solubility; stability; surface modification; Introduction Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds found in plants (from the Greek word “phyton” meaning plant) [1]. These bioactive compounds are responsible

• and enhances their solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Additionally, the physicochemical characteristics of PLHNPs can be tailored by varying the concentrations of polymers and lipids [16]. PLHNPs can address various challenges associated with phytochemical delivery. The benefits of PLHNPs

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• transitions and the zones of radiation stability for nanoparticles. We utilize nanoparticles exhibiting transitions from the body-centered cubic α phase to the face-centered cubic β phase, and the reverse transition from β phase to α phase, as a model system for first-order phase transformations. We

• materials. Keywords: α-phase; β-phase; chemical rate theory; Fe; nanoparticle; nucleation; phase stability diagram; polymorphic phase transision; radiation stability; thermodynamics; vacancy saturation; Introduction Solid metal or ceramic nanoparticles with a diameter in the range of 1–100 nm, when placed

• transformations (phase-to-phase transitions) [5][6][7][8]. Despite the interest in these materials, the behavior of nanoparticles under irradiation and their peculiarities are not yet completely understood. One of the important issues is the influence of vacancy saturation on phase changes and phase stability. A

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• -graphene are similar, and on increasing the ratio of hexagonal rings in ψ-graphene (i.e., n-hex-ψ-graphene), its total energy was found to be −9.23 eV/atom, which is identical to pristine graphene [16]. Another effective method to enhance the stability of ψ-graphene is edge hydrogenation, which leads to a

• –1.41 Å, as shown in Table 2. Moreover, the ψ-graphene nanosheet remains almost flat, with a buckling height of only 0.004 Å, indicating the stability of the remaining C–C bonds even under the influence of positive strain. Negative strain We next investigated the impact of negative strain on the

• this strain range, ψ-graphone has an indirect bandgap. Furthermore, the buckling height of ψ-graphone increased from initially 1.79 to 1.90 Å at strain levels of −3% and −7%, signifying its lowest mechanical stability at these strain levels. Although the presence of negative strain affects the lengths

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• ][53][54]. An ideal precursor candidate would have sufficient volatility and stability for the transport of intact gas phase precursor molecules during the process. The ligands should readily and cleanly be liberated from the precursor upon irradiation to provide a metallic deposit in the path of the

• ion beam. For Pt deposits, although MeCpPtMe3 meets the volatility and stability requirements, the inability to directly desorb the cyclopentadienyl ligands results in significant carbon contamination upon ion irradiation [21]. Alternatives to the carbon-rich MeCpPtMe3 complex are the four coordinate

• correlated with the rate of CO loss (Figure 3). Collectively, these observations point towards an initial step that can be described by Equation 1: The preferential loss of CO is attributed to the stability of CO as a volatile species and the relatively lower Pt(II)–CO bond dissociation energy in the

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• , owing to its elevated refractive index and thermal stability, they are suitable for applications at high temperatures. Additionally, TiO2 exhibits a wide bandgap, making it conducive for incorporation into photonic crystals designed to operate within the ultraviolet and visible spectra. Moreover, its

• in a laser emitting light with a precise, pure wavelength and high stability [48]. Yu et al. demonstrated a tunable InGaAs quantum well DBR laser which provides a larger tuning range, single-longitudinal-mode operation, and narrow spectral linewidth, finding it suitable for multiple gas-sensing

• constructed geometry/domains will be discretized into small elements (meshing) and solving the equations for each element. The accuracy of the simulation and the stability and convergence of solvers heavily depend on the mesh quality. The choice/refinement of mesh parameters (Figure S2 and Table S1 of

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• intranasal administration of biopharmaceuticals to target the brain. In addition, using DDSs to deliver biopharmaceuticals to the CNS can present additional advantages such as enhanced retention on the mucosal surface, drug stability, and bioavailability [35]. In this review, we focus on the recent

• lipid NPs (SLNs) are prepared from lipids that are solid at room temperature, which are then stabilized by surfactants [100]. While both liposomes and SLNs are considered biocompatible and biodegradable, SLNs provide increased stability because of their rigid core [101]. Nevertheless, SLNs suffer from

• optimized formulations demonstrated long stability and permeability through goat nasal mucosa [106]. Zafar et al. also encapsulated rotigotine in chitosan-coated NLCs. They optimized the chitosan-coated NLCs by design of experiment (DoE) using a three-level Box–Behnken design, and the final formulation

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• plasma clotting kinetics on SLIPS surfaces have not been studied previously. Therefore, to assess the hemocompatibity of our newly created PDA-based SLIPS coating, we tested the resistance of the coating to FXII activation, clot formation, clot stability, and platelet adhesion. FXII activation gives

• prothrombogenic coatings. Clot stability, quantified via crosslinking density measurements, provides insight into the ability of a clot to break down. Clots on biocompatible coatings should be less stable (larger fiber diameter and lower crosslinking density) compared to prothrombogenic surfaces. These assays

• platelet adhesion, longer fibrin generation time, and lower clot stability compared to other surfaces. Experimental Sample preparation COC (microfluidic ChipShop, Jena, Germany) was first cut to size, into 1 × 1 cm2 squares. These COC substrates were cleaned by sequential sonication in DI water and then in

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• nanostructures are carbon dot structures (CDs). These structures have recently become a common field of study because of their properties including chemical stability, water solubility, and easy synthesis and functionalization. Carbon dots, were first discovered by Xu and his working group [1] while purifying

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• intrinsic photoresponse time of approximately 3 ps. The ultrafast response time remains consistent across varying detection powers, demonstrating environmental stability and highlighting the potential in optoelectronic applications. Our study presents an effective strategy for enhancing the response time of

• the graphene region. This finding not only confirms the stability of the device but also demonstrates the acceleration effect of OOP polarization in 3R WSe2 on carrier drift. Although the power change does not affect the response time of the device, the increase in power generates more photogenerated

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• mitigate damage from impact loads, thereby improving the safety and longevity of vehicles and aircraft. The double-rowed teeth of primitive asian jumping ant (Harpegnathos venator), which confer enhanced tribological stability, provide a more stable coefficient of friction when pinching objects of varying

• sizes using different regions of the mandible [70]. This ingenious natural design could inspire the development of multifunctional robotic grippers, offering improved stability and adaptability in handling diverse objects [70]. The specialized mandibular morphology and task-specific bite mechanics

• biological principles could result in vehicles capable of agile and precise movements and increased stability in turbulent conditions. Despite these promising possibilities, the shape and surface characteristics of the hymenopteran metasoma remain underexplored, and families with unique metasomal forms still

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• maintain size, shape, and stability of the nanoparticles, and suitable capping agents can modulate the nanoarchitectonics of the nanoparticles from atomic to molecular levels [2]. The surface capping can also influence the surface properties of the nanoparticles, making them compatible with specific

• environments or functional groups [3]. Surfactants bind to metal surfaces and create a stable colloidal solution by preventing the nanoparticles from aggregation or clustering [4]. CTAB is a widely used cationic surfactant that provides nanoparticle ionic stability and anisotropy [5]. Although CTAB delivers

• change in absorption wavelength. The color of gold and silver nanoparticles highly depends on shape, size, and pH value, which are directly influenced by the ligand–metal interaction [22]. Another essential factor is surface capping, which provides colloidal stability and the surface for ionic

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• interaction of GO with tannic acid (TA) and its consequences for GO toxicity. We focused on understanding how TA interacts with GO, its impact on the material surface chemistry, colloidal stability, as well as, toxicity and biodistribution using the Caenorhabditis elegans model. Employing computational

• surface, influencing GO’s colloidal stability, reactivity, and interactions with living organisms. As a consequence, these interactions can lead to diverse effects, ranging from the mitigation of toxicity [12][13][14] to the enhancement of its toxicity [15][16]. However, microscopic understanding of these

• understand how GO’s toxicity changes regarding surface modifications such as interactions with biomolecules. In this study, we investigate the interaction of GO with TA linked to its impacts on surface chemistry, colloidal stability, lethality, and biodistribution in the C. elegans model for the first time

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• highest value has the roughest surface among the three. These results indicate that the substrate type does have an effect on grain size and roughness of Fe3O4 thin films. Tantalum in the multilayer structure prevents the diffusion of oxygen atoms from SiO2 into MgO leading to enhanced stability of MgO

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• -depth studies in complex environments to evaluate nanoparticle stability, protein corona formation, hemolytic activity, and targeting capabilities. To address this issue, fluorescent silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) are here functionalized with zwitterionic (kinetic stabilizer) and folate groups

• (targeting agent) to provide selective interaction with tumor cell lines in biological media. The stability of these dually functionalized SiO2NPs is preserved in unprocessed human plasma while yielding a decrease in the number of adsorbed proteins. Experiments in murine blood further proved that these

• exhibit heightened efficacy and reduced toxicity for medical purposes. Keywords: colloidal stability; complex media; functionalized nanoparticles; hemolysis; targeting tumor; Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing search for developing high-efficiency nanomedicines for cancer treatment