Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• . The expression of efflux transporters such as the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB1 is an important resistance mechanism in therapy-refractory cancer cells. Drug encapsulation into nanoparticles has been shown to bypass efflux-mediated drug resistance, but there are also conflicting results

• an important step in the development of improved nanoparticle preparations for anticancer therapy. Further research is required to understand under which circumstances nanoparticles can be used to overcome efflux-mediated resistance in cancer cells. Keywords: cancer; doxorubicin; drug release

• cancer [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Another important aspect of the efficacy of nanoparticles as delivery system for anticancer is their uptake and, in turn, the drug transport into cancer cells. Uptake mechanisms may differ between different types of nanoparticles, which may affect their effectiveness as

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• useful for the rapid screening of diseases as a point-of-care diagnostic tool. Owens and co-workers developed organic field-effect transistor systems with PEDOT/PSS materials for the detection of lactate [111]. Enhanced lactate production was detected for cancer cells because of their promoted activity

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• sterol structure similarly to cholesterol, P2 phytosomes (P2Ps) were prepared to further improve the water solubility of P2. The P2Ps exhibited a particle size of 53.6 ± 0.3 nm with oval shape and a zeta potential of −4.0 ± 0.7 mV. P2Ps could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells more

• anticancer activities, such as restraining the hTERT gene expression in A549 lung cancer cells [3], inhibiting breast cancer stem-like cells via Wnt β-catenin signaling [4], impeding hepatocellular carcinoma cells by increasing DDX3 expression [5], and inducing apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through

• phytosomes were prepared by substituting Di and its derivative for cholesterol. The anticancer effects of free drugs and their phytosomes were investigated in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Results and Discussion Synthesis and characterization of Di derivatives Late-stage functionalization that uses the C

Microfluidic manufacturing of different niosomes nanoparticles for curcumin encapsulation: Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release

• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Ibrahim Khadra,
• Abdullah Albaloushi,
• Margaret Mullin,
• Hanin Alyamani and
• Valerie A. Ferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1826–1832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.177

• surfactants prepared by the solvent evaporation method, Xu et al. were able to achieve around 92% loading efficiency of curcumin and measured enhanced cytotoxic activity against ovarian cancer cells compared with freely dispersed curcumin [9]. Microfluidic mixing is a recently developed method for the

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• conceptually very attractive because it can (in contrast to inhibitors of ABCB1 or other transporters) overcome resistance mediated by multiple transporters and does not result in the systemic inhibition of transporter function at physiological barriers. However, cancer cells may be characterised by multiple

• more sophisticated, personalised therapies will need to be developed. Such therapies will depend on an improved understanding of the resistance status of cancer cells to a certain drug beyond its transporter status. If biomarkers become available that predict cancer cell response to a certain drug more

• reliably, nanoparticles can be used to transport drugs under circumvention of transporter-mediated efflux into cancer cells that are likely to respond to them. In conclusion, doxorubicin-loaded HSA nanoparticles produced by desolvation and cross-linking using glutaraldehyde overcome (in contrast to other

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• sophisticated strategy to realize chemotherapy targeting at cancer cells using the controlled assembly and disassembly of layer-by-layer hybrid structures made of two dimensional MoS2 nanosheets with DNA [87]. The preparation of functional low-dimensional materials requires preservation of nanoscale features in

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• to destroy cancer cells through the elevated temperatures [16][17]. The heating efficiency of the NPs as heat sources under ac magnetic fields is often denominated as specific absorption rate (SAR), which is directly related to the area of the magnetic hysteresis loop of the nanoparticles by the

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• obtained from Promega Corporation (Madison, USA). Urea was purchased from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA). Human liver cancer cells (HepG2) were kindly provided by the Institute of Food Chemistry of the University of Muenster, Germany. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• dual-functionalized GO for the photothermal enhancement of gene delivery [23]. Xiong et al. studied the synergistic effects of PEG-functionalized GO for chemo-photothermal therapy [24]. Tian et al. revealed that PEG-GO enhanced the uptake of chlorin e6 by cancer cells [25]. Shen et al. exploited the

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• . Functionalization of the nanotubes with CAN-mag nanoparticles resulted in a magnetic nanocomposite. When tested in vitro with two types of cancer cells, the functionalized nanotubes showed a better PTT activity compared to non-functionalized nanotubes, as well as reduced aggregation and the ability to add a second

• human cancer cells – HeLa (cervical cancer) and MCF7 (breast cancer). The cells were cultured on 24-well plates. When the cells reached 80% confluence, freshly prepared aqueous dispersions of WS2-NT or WS2-NT-CM (45 µL, 1 mg/mL) were added to two of the plates, and a third plate, with no additives, was

• small percentages. Yet, the composite maintained the magnetic character of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the functionalized nanotubes proved to have a higher activity as PTT agents compared to bare WS2-NTs in in vitro tests done with HeLa and MCF7 cancer cells. In addition, functionalization with CAN-mag

Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy

• Boris N. Khlebtsov,
• Andrey M. Burov,
• Timofey E. Pylaev and
• Nikolai G. Khlebtsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 794–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.79

• fluorescent imaging and plasmonic phothothermal abilities have not been reported previously. The multifunctional nanoparticles were stable in cell buffer, nontoxic and suitable for targeted fluorescent imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer cells. We demonstrate the enhanced accumulation of folate

• ) loading, resulting in the formation of AuNR-PDA-R123-folate nanocomposites (Scheme 1). This platform demonstrates three distinct features: (1) targeting of nanocomposites with folic acid leads to enhanced cellular uptake by folate-positive cancer cells compared with PEG-coated nanorods; (2) the high

• loading with rhodamine 123 makes the nanoparticles suitable for cell imaging with a simple fluorescent microscope; (3) through using NIR-mediated photothermal therapy the cancer cells can be killed with a high efficiency. Results and Discussion Synthesis and characterization of the AuNRs-PDA-R123-folate

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• against specific cell populations. As example, Herceptin is an antibody that recognizes the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpressed in breast cancer cells (HER2+). This antibody has been attached on the surface of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with the

• specifically to αβ-integrin, which is usually upregulated in many different tumoral cell lines such as breast, lung or fibroblast cancer cells, and also by the epithelial cells of the tumoral blood vessels [32][33]. Ruoshlati et al. have reported that the cyclic version of RGD, CRGDKGPDC (called iRGD), which

• destruction of CD13+ cancer cells as human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080) [36]. These liposomes released more than 75% of their payload when the temperature reached 41.3 °C whereas they maintained the Dox within their hydrophilic core at physiological temperature. Other systems widely employed for targeting

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• as an optical process for MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Keywords: bioimaging; gold nanorods; photoluminescence enhancement; quantum dots; Introduction In the past decades, quantum dots (QDs) have proven to be increasingly useful for their unique features [1][2][3][4][5]. The light emission from QDs

• distance using the combined strong electrostatic adsorption. Secondly, FA was conjugated with this composite nanoparticle for biological applications, where the FA renders the nanoparticle useful for the specific targeting of cancer cells [28][29]. According to current knowledge, when bulk semiconductor

• staining appearing in Figure 8 was due to the accumulation of functionalized nanoparticles in the cells, and there was no sign of any damage to the cell, demonstrating passive uptake in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using CdSe/ZnS@FA and GNR@CdSe/ZnS@FA. However, because the PL intensity and cell morphology of

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• significantly limits the insight of underlying mechanisms that affect living cells. There is a wide range of available cell lines to study possible organism reactions and cytotoxicity mechanisms, such as endothelial, neural, hepatic, phagocytic or cancer cells [26][27]. Still, systematic studies describing

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• under irradiation within the first biological window (650–900 nm). The Au@alendronate nanoplatform thus provided a combined antitumor activity through drug delivery and photothermal therapy. Au@alendronate NPs inhibited in vitro the proliferation of prostate cancer cells (PC3) in a dose-dependent manner

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• diameter from 6 to 25 nm. The 25 nm and 44 nm diameter NPs show similar theranostic performance. In in vitro experiments we detected the death of 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells at a rate of 79 ± 8% after exposure to 25 nm Fe3O4–Au hybrids for 30 min in an ac magnetic field (AMF) with 261–393 kHz and 25 mT

• mouse breast cancer cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). They were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco) and 2 mM L-glutamine (Gibco) at 37 °C in a humidified incubator supplied with 5% CO2. MTS

Polarization-dependent strong coupling between silver nanorods and photochromic molecules

• Gwénaëlle Lamri,
• Alessandro Veltri,
• Jean Aubard,
• Pierre-Michel Adam,
• Nordin Felidj and
• Anne-Laure Baudrion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2657–2664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.247

• light emitted by quantum dots or molecules [2][3], and to kill cancer cells [4]. This resonance is directly linked to the intrinsic properties of the metallic nanoparticles (depending on the geometry or the nature of the metal), which makes it difficult to easily control its spectral position. Many

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• , biocompatibility, absence of toxicity, minimal immunogenicity, and enhanced permeability and retention to cancer cells [18]. Moreover, PHPMA, which has a long history of biomedical applications as a drug-delivery vehicle, enables the control of biodistribution and accumulation via molecular weight limitations [19

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• -transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antineoplastic potential of the CaP@5-FU NPs against colorectal and lung cancer cells was reported. The CaP@5-FU NPs were found to inhibit half the population (IC50) of lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells at 32 μg/mL and colorectal (HCT

• -15) cancer cells at 48.5 μg/mL treatment. The apoptotic induction of CaP@5-FU NPs was confirmed with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and by examining the morphological changes with Hoechst and rhodamine B staining in a time-dependent manner. The apparent membrane bleb formation was

• inhibit the cancer cells of an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) mouse xenograft model with increased blood retention time [20]. Furthermore, a poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer stabilized with a silver nanoparticle surface for the encapsulation of 5-FU showed synergistic growth inhibition in A549 and

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• explored in numerous studies to eradicate cancer cells, controlled drug delivery and enhancement of cell growth [1][2][3][4][5]. Among the many types of such nanoparticles, gold nanostars (GNSs) (having a well-tunable LSPR position in the biotransparent NIR window (750–1300 nm) and ease of surface

Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)

• Sašo Gyergyek,
• David Pahovnik,
• Ema Žagar,
• Alenka Mertelj,
• Rok Kostanjšek,
• Miloš Beković,
• Marko Jagodič,
• Heinrich Hofmann and
• Darko Makovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153

• field amplitudes, the NC3 sample can produce a substantial amount of heat. At a frequency of 620 kHz and a relatively small AC amplitude of 5.0 kA/m (6 mT), the NC3 sample was rapidly heated to temperatures above 43 °C. This temperature is well beyond the temperature causing necrosis of cancer cells

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• cancer cells. To achieve selectivity, there are two main strategies. In the first one, the enzyme is exogenous and is artificially introduced into the body and selectively targeted to the tumour tissue using genes, viruses or antibodies (GDEPT, VDEPT, and ADEPT, respectively). Alternatively, the enzyme

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• , TEM and ESI-QTOF-MS. Moreover, their bioimaging potential and toxicity have been evaluated in vitro in human glioblastoma LN-229 cells and in immortalized epithelial human kidney cells (HK-2). The effects on cancer and non-cancer cells have been also compared with C-dots synthesized from citric acid

• toxicity to human cancer cells. The C-dots exhibit an interesting differential cytotoxicity in cancerous and non-cancerous human cells, which should be further explored. This differential cytotoxicity depends from the spice from which the C-dots were synthesized. An evident concentration-dependent

• . Merged transmission and fluorescence (left) and fluorescence (right) imaging of LN-229 cancer cells after 24 h of incubation with no C-dots (untreated) and with 1 mg·mL−1 of citrate, cinnamon, red chilli, turmeric and black pepper C-dots. Images were collected using a Zeiss LSM780 confocal microscope (40

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MD-231 and primary breast cancer cell line MCF7 to explore the transfer of quantum dots (QDs) to cancer cells. First, the optimal conditions for high-content QD loading in MSCs were established. Then, QD uptake in breast cancer cells was assessed after 24 h in a 3D co

• -culture with nanoengineered MSCs. We found that incubation of MSCs with QDs in a serum-free medium provided the best accumulation results. It was found that 24 h post-labelling QDs were eliminated from MSCs. Our results demonstrate that breast cancer cells efficiently uptake QDs that are released from

• nanoengineered MSCs in a 3D co-culture. Moreover, the uptake is considerably enhanced in metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells compared with MCF7 primary breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest that nanoengineered MSCs could serve as a vehicle for targeted drug delivery to metastatic cancer. Keywords: cancer

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• recent reports have shown that CNOs exhibit weak inflammatory potential and low cytotoxicity [16], and they are readily internalized by cancer cells and localize in the lysosomes [18][19]. Moreover, our in vivo studies performed on zebrafish (Danio Rerio) during the development stage demonstrated their