Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• the variations of NP particle size or size dispersion. The peak shift is mainly correlated with the size and shape of NPs and their surrounding medium. Naderi-Samani et al. [56] reported the synthesis of Ag NPs by nanosecond laser ablation in different aqueous solutions: water, acetone

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• because of the efforts required for achieving a homogenous dispersion in an inorganic–organic matrix [22][23][24]. In this short review, we are discussing nanostructured and nanosized carbon-based materials used to improve the durability and physicochemical properties of biological implants as summarized

• bacteria according to the mechanism shown in Figure 4. The biofilm formation consists of four stages, namely, (i) adhesion, (ii) aggregation, (iii) maturation, and (iv) dispersion. Adhesion is the first step and is ruled by the polarity of the surface as reported by Gittens and co-workers [105]. The

• aggregation and maturation steps involve the formation and enlargement of bacteria colonies enclosed in the extracellular biopolymeric matrix [106]. Dispersion occurs upon reaching the biofilm’s critical mass, allowing for the partial detachment and spread of infection through the bloodstream [31]. Carbon

Ca_n neutral clusters: a two-step G₀W₀ and DFT benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Sundas Zafar,
• Sumayya Abdul Wadood,
• Kareem Morsy and
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1010–1016, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.82

• structure with an added atom to break its symmetry, can be a reason for a sudden drop in the cluster binding energy; however, a decrease or any change can also be attributed to the dispersion effect. Overall, the binding energies reported here are higher compared with all theoretically reported data. This

• difference can be due to two reasons. First is the use of a different functional and second are the basis sets and accuracy, which are different for the reported data compared with our work. In addition, van der Waals dispersion effects can also affect the binding energies of clusters, which need semi

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• medium did not affect the dispersion of nanoparticles; both F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 and F127@PLGA/CHL/IR780 did not aggregate much and remained well dispersed. Many factors contribute to an effective treatment using nanoparticles [39]. Among them, two can be deemed essential, namely, the half-life of

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• the grain boundaries of the sample forms a clear network of contour maps [30]. The anisotropy of the grains causes anisotropic deformation and increases the surface dispersion density. Therefore, the stress required to promote plastic deformation rises more at grain boundaries than inside grains [23

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• . Consistency of the data is a key aspect in the preparation of a database for a QSAR study as different changes in the conditions of the test could lead to a dispersion of the results [4]. This should be considered carefully when collecting data from different sources. It becomes a harder problem in nano-QSAR

• indicate the absence or presence of a certain condition such as centrifugation, stirring, sonication, dispersion, or presence of additives [17][39][65][87]. Numerical descriptors used to encode the test environments include the ionic strength [17], the amount of organic matter [17], and the pH value. More

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• dispersion correction [34]. We have optimized the structures of the reactant (neutral Fe(CO)4MA) and products (fragment ions and potential neutral co-fragments) generated in the dissociative processes. All fragments with an even number of electrons were assumed to be in singlet spin states, and the fragments

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• water was mixed with 0.5 g of biomass precursor powder (dispersion A) and stirred for 10 min. Then, 1.0 g of urea (hydrolizing agent under hydrothermal conditions) was diluted in 50 mL of deionized water to form a homogeneous solution (solution B) and then mixed with dispersion A. The final mixture was

• a dark environment to ensure proper dispersion of the CQDs in aqueous media and the adsorption of the dye on the CQD surface. After the stirring period of 20 min, the solution absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 250–800 nm. This measurement marked the start

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• composition can be identified. Each form of copper oxide presents a different Raman spectrum. CuO crystallizes in a monoclinic lattice with the space group giving the following set of the zone-center lattice modes: Γ = Ag + 2Bg + 4Au + 5Bu. Hence, CuO has twelve phonon branches in the phonon dispersion

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• the applicability and reliability of the proposed method (Table 2). Conclusion TiO2/GQDs were prepared from peroxo titanium complexes, and GQDs were derived from ground coffee as precursor, which offers several advantages such as easy dispersion and functionalization during the synthesis. A simple

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• the stability of the synthesized nanomakuras, different dispersion media were used. The relevant media for biological applications were used for the stability assessment of the nanoparticles. Figure 2a–c shows colloidal stability of AuNMs in ethanol (70%), NaCl (0.9%), and PBS (1X), respectively. The

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• ]: where αn is a term occurring in functions that define the Euler–Bernoulli model used to describe the probe oscillation. αn is the solution of a so-called dispersion relation, written as [35][48][49][55]: leading to α1 = 1.875, α2 = 4.694, α3 = 7.864, …, αn ≃ (n − 1/2)π. The latter formalisms consider a

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• and coassembled with a CUR layer on their surface. Then, CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs were obtained by further modification with MnO2 and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which increased the stability and dispersion of the CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs (Figure 1). MnO2 is difficult to degrade under physiological conditions in vivo

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• growth of chains in orientation E parallel to the step edges is favored at elevated temperatures because, for these chains, the intermolecular H-bonds are not distorted by the steps. In addition, the chains are stabilized by the long-range dispersion interactions of the QA with the atoms of the step edge

• orientation E grow parallel to step edges, they are additionally stabilized because, owing to the close proximity, every molecule in the chain is subject to attractive dispersion interactions with the Ag step edge. This is not the case for orientations A–D, which grow away from the step edges. A model of such

• step edges of the vicinal surface. This is explained by the fact that the growth in this direction is additionally stabilized by the dispersion interactions between the QA molecules and the atoms of the Ag step edges, which overcompensates the lower site energy of the molecules on the terraces in this

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• are in both cases lower than 30 kJ/mol using B3LYP and lower than 60 kJ/mol as obtained from the B97D dispersion corrected functional. The low value for MA indicates that this ligand is only weakly bound in Fe(CO)4MA. Also, the calculated value for loss of CO is significantly lower than the energy of

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• samples prepared at 180 and 200 °C. No signals for GQDs can be observed because of the low crystallinity, high dispersion, and small amount of GQDs in CF/GQDs. The peak of the (222) plane is related to the octahedral sites, while the peaks at the (220) and (422) planes are attributed to the tetrahedral

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• size below 40 nm can successfully penetrate the skin in which the intercellular space of skin stratum corneum is around 10–100 nm [42]. Taken together, we fabricated DCS nanocrystals and immersed them into hydrophobic formulations to form a solid dispersion for transdermal delivery systems. These

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• pharmaceutical technology such as lyophilization, micrometerization, microemulsion, the inclusion of surfactants, solid dispersion, and the use of complexing agents such as cyclodextrins, Zer-Os tablet innovation, soft gels, and triglas [32]. Nanomedicines can also be used to increase the oral bioavailability of

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• dioxide materials, the optical properties of E171 are related to the primary particle size, although the degree of dispersion needs to be taken into account [12]. An overview of particle size measurement methods for nanomaterials is given in [4]. Our paper focuses mainly on number-based particle size

• because aggregates and primary particles start to be destroyed above 250 J/mL, but only at low rates [18][19]. However, dispersion energies of approximately 600 J/mL or higher may significantly break aggregates into primary particles, causing a shift in the particle size distribution towards a smaller

• median size (D50n) due to the detection of a higher number of liberated primary particles. After dispersion, the samples were transported to the Agilent laboratory. The following day, they were re-dispersed in two different ways just before measurement. This was done to evaluate the impact of sample

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• valence potential allow for an easier formation of the electrostatic double layer (EDL). If the solution with NPs shifts to lower ionic strength, then the zeta potential increases as the EDL expands to balance the electrostatic force, thus allowing for the dispersion of NPs. The descriptor

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• new mode, named FA′1, appears on the high-frequency side of the A1g mode. The FA′1 mode is identified as Raman scattering from moiré phonons associated with the A′1 dispersion curve of 1L-MoS2. It is folded onto the zone center and, consequently, becomes Raman active [20]. Obviously, its frequency

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• with polydopamine The synthesized Fe3O4 NPs were weighed (100 mg) and dispersed in 50 mL of Tris-HCl solution (10 mM, pH 8.5) [37]. The dispersion process was carried out using a magnetic stirrer. Dopamine hydrochloride was then added to the produced solutions at various ratios (dopamine hydrochloride

• nanoparticles [49]. Based on the findings from VSM, the nanoparticles exhibit high magnetization [49][54]. The magnetic properties of VNB/PDA/Fe3O4 NPs can be attributed to the structural arrangement of Fe3O4 within the nanoparticles. A magnetic field can enhance the dispersion of VNB/PDA/Fe3O4 NPs in an

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• condensation reaction of VTES to form nanosilica on GO membranes, using both acidic and basic conditions to catalyze these reactions. The hybrid GO/silica fillers could enhance the interaction, dispersion, and properties of various composites. For example, GO/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and GO/3

• ]. The experimental steps are illustrated in Figure 2. First, GO-VTES powder (0.2 g) was dispersed into 50 g of a 0.2% SDS solution followed by homogenization for 1 h to obtain a homogeneous GO-VTES dispersion. After that, approx. 200 g of DPNR (DRC 20%, SDS 0.2%) was mixed with the GO-VTES dispersion

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• studies on CdSe/ZnS nanodots as dopants in a polymer–fullerene matrix for application in organic solar cells. An assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and 6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester was used as the active reference layer. Absorption and luminescence spectra as well as the dispersion

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• achieve precise optical characterization, one could employ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) with more refined division into sub-layers [26] and consider additional material properties, such as the anisotropy of PAAO [27] and the optical dispersion of the refractive index (RI) of Al2O3 [28]. However, for