A carrier velocity model for electrical detection of gas molecules

• Ali Hosseingholi Pourasl,
• Sharifah Hafizah Syed Ariffin,
• Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi,
• Razali Ismail and
• Niayesh Gharaei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 644–653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.64

• Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 10.3762/bjnano.10.64 Abstract Nanomaterial-based sensors with high sensitivity, fast response and recovery time, large detection range, and high chemical stability are in immense demand for the detection of hazardous gas molecules

• nanowires and carbon nanotubes, GNRs possess high sensitivity, high electron and hole mobility, chemical stability, low noise, and a large surface-to-volume ratio, properties which are highly desired for gas sensor applications. Electrically, GNRs have shown high sensitivity to their surroundings and

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• a facile and low-cost approach to fabricate hierarchical SERS systems with high sensitivity, stability and good reproducibility. In this paper, with the aim to further improve the sensitivity and antioxidant properties as well as to achieve a high reproducibility of the substrates mentioned in our

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• . Under this configuration, high sensitivity to nitrogen dioxide is obtained because the molecule can interact not only with the COOH groups in the heads of the SAM, but also nitrogen dioxide can diffuse into the SAM and eventually react with the carboxyl groups present on the surface of MWCNTs. In

Wearable, stable, highly sensitive hydrogel–graphene strain sensors

• Jian Lv,
• Chuncai Kong,
• Chao Yang,
• Lu Yin,
• Itthipon Jeerapan,
• Fangzhao Pu,
• Xiaojing Zhang,
• Sen Yang and
• Zhimao Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 475–480, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.47

• hydrogel strain sensor is considered to have great potential in the field of wearable sensors. Keywords: graphene; high sensitivity; hydrogel; strain sensor; wearable sensor; Introduction Wearable, flexible sensors to monitor human body pressure, temperature, strain, and chemicals hold great potential in

• , soft, high-sensitivity hydrogel strain sensor shows great promise for the development of applicable, wearable strain sensors. Experimental Chemicals: Acrylic acid (C3H4O2), ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8), α-ketoglutarate (C5H6O5), glycerol (C3H8O3), acrylamide (C3H5NO) and methylene-bis-acrylamide

• hydrogel to fabricate soft, flexible strain sensors is rarely reported. Another issue to be solved is related to increasing the sensitivity of the hydrogel strain sensor as the ionically conductive hydrogel exhibits low resistance changes with applied strain [13]. In this study, a flexible, stable, high

Effects of post-lithography cleaning on the yield and performance of CVD graphene-based devices

• Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo,
• Thiago Alonso Stephan Lacerda de Sousa,
• Luciano de Moura Guimarães and
• Flavio Plentz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 349–355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.34

• properties are deteriorated as compared with devices fabricated by conventional production methods. Keywords: CVD graphene; defects; mobility; well-ordered domain; Introduction The unique properties of graphene, such as high conductivity, high carrier mobility at room temperature, high sensitivity of the

Magnetic-field sensor with self-reference characteristic based on a magnetic fluid and independent plasmonic dual resonances

• Kun Ren,
• Xiaobin Ren,
• Yumeng He and
• Qun Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 247–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.23

• resonances on the external field, a magnetic-field sensor with self-reference characteristic is achieved. The magnetic-field nanosensor shows an excellent performance with a high sensitivity of 27 pm/Oe, i.e., 270 pm/mT. The proposed sensor takes advantage of the refractive-index tunability of the MF and the

• accuracy. A simple and compact self-reference sensor with high sensitivity is achieved and it is promising in the integrated sensing and detection of magnetic fields. Methods The proposed plasmonic nanostructure is schematically shown in Figure 1. Two stubs are located on each side of the MDM waveguide. A

• 946 nm/RIU for the refraction-index sensor and 27 pm/Oe (or 270 pm/mT) for the magnetic-field sensor, respectively. The sensor features low cost, ease of fabrication and high sensitivity. In particular, because the two resonance peaks exhibit a different dependence on the change in refractive index of

Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors

• Claudio Abels,
• Antonio Qualtieri,
• Toni Lober,
• Alessandro Mariotti,
• Lily D. Chambers,
• Massimo De Vittorio,
• William M. Megill and
• Francesco Rizzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.4

• separation of ≈250 μm, the flow sensor array described by Bruinink et al. [35] achieved very high sensitivity (minimal detectable flow amplitude) down to 2 mm s−1 in air flow. The 100-fold increase in acoustic sensitivity in comparison to their first-generation capacitive-based flow-sensor arrays [33][34

Investigation of CVD graphene as-grown on Cu foil using simultaneous scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy

• Majid Fazeli Jadidi,
• Umut Kamber,
• Oğuzhan Gürlü and
• H. Özgür Özer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2953–2959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.274

• ]. Experimental Our setup is a commercial STM/AFM operated in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) that was modified and improved by the implementation of a Fabry–Pérot fiber interferometer in order to achieve high sensitivity in detecting lever deflection and measuring the oscillation amplitude, which in turn allows us to

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• ”. Scanning helium ion beam lithography has the advantages of virtually zero proximity effect, nanoscale patterning capability and high sensitivity in combination with a novel fullerene resist based on the sub-nanometre C60 molecule. The shot noise-limited minimum linewidth achieved to date is 6 nm. The

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• porous structure and defects for detecting NO2. The sensor showed high sensitivity to NO2 at low concentrations. In another work, Hu et al. [18] fabricated an ultra-sensitive rGO gas sensor, which reached a response of 2.4% to 1 ppb NH3 with an ultra-fast response time of 1.4 s at room temperature. The

• ][27][28]. These types of materials possess many exceptional advantages, such as high sensitivity, rapid response/recovery times and low cost. Until now, there is no unified definition of the mechanism of MOS gas sensors. The most widely accepted oxygen-adsorption theory is described as follows [29

• that the resistance of composite sensor decreases dramatically, leading to high sensitivity and rapid response. Isotypical p–p homojunctions are formed when rGO forms composites with most p-type metal-oxide semiconductors. The enhancement mechanism of p–p homojunctions is similar to that of p–n

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• due to the high sensitivity of ZnO to chemical environments [6], for light-emitting diodes due to the compatibility with the GaN technology and random lasing [7] (in the blue, around 0.390 µm), and in dye-sensitized solar cells [8]. The absorption and emission properties of the ZnO nanomaterials are

Nanoantenna structures for the detection of phonons in nanocrystals

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2646–2656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.246

• '-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) by a factor of 105 [18]. The highest SEIRA response was obtained by adjusting the LSPR energy of the nanoantennas to the energy of the vibrational modes [17]. The high sensitivity of SEIRA to vibrational modes allowed the detection of organic and biological

Effective sensor properties and sensitivity considerations of a dynamic co-resonantly coupled cantilever sensor

• Julia Körner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2546–2560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.237

• of highly sensitive cantilevers with state-of-the-art equipment. Therefore, new concepts which access the high sensitivity of a nanocantilever but at the same time preserve the ease of oscillation detection need to be explored. One approach is a recently introduced co-resonant measurement principle

• which combines the ease of detection at a microcantilever with the high sensitivity of a nanocantilever. The co-resonance is introduced by coupling these two beams and matching of their eigenfrequencies, i.e., they are brought close to one another, resulting in a strong interplay between both

• with Δf/f0 being substituted by the expression in Equation 4. The results are listed in Table 3 and illustrate how the co-resonant concept allows to access the high sensitivity of the nanocantilever. Please note that the estimates presented here are very conservative, as for example a rather high

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• [19]. Single NW photodetectors based on the photoconductive operation principle [20] or p–n junction photodiodes [21] have demonstrated high sensitivity. For these reasons, single NW components are considered as promising building blocks for integration with SiN photonic platforms. For the wafer-scale

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• not tested as a potential light harvester. A highly stable C6H4NH2CuBr2I compound was synthesized by reacting 2-iodaniline with CuBr2 [150]. It displayed extraordinary hydrophobicity and retained stability even after a 4 h immersion in water. This stability is coupled with a high sensitivity to

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• sensors have found widespread commercial applications [91][92] due to their simplicity and enhanced gas sensing performance (high sensitivity, fast response/recovery and low operating temperature) and low cost. A typical conductometric gas sensor consists of an active sensing layer in which conductivity

• and recovery time of 2 mol % W-doped NiO NTs is 178 s and 152 s, respectively. Thus, W-doped NiO NTs can successfully detect low concentrations (15 ppm) of xylene with a response of 2.17 [220]. Pd-doped TiO2 NFs (average diameter 250 nm) show high sensitivity to NO2 at a relatively low temperature of

• metal oxides together having a mismatched crystal (lattice) size, resulting in enhanced gas diffusion (penetration) and subsequently fast response/recovery time. Furthermore, a hybrid structure (i.e. p–n junction, n–n junction or p–p junction) facilitates low operating temperature gas sensing with high

Free-radical gases on two-dimensional transition-metal disulfides (XS₂, X = Mo/W): robust half-metallicity for efficient nitrogen oxide sensors

• Chunmei Zhang,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Sri Kasi Matta,
• Steven Bottle and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1641–1646, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.156

• been confirmed to be a good candidate for fabricating field-effect transistor (FET) sensors for NO with high mobility at room temperature [17], and the detection offers a high sensitivity and rapid current response. However, the detailed mechanism regarding the interaction between the MoS2 surface and

Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies

• Silvia Rizzato,
• Elisabetta Primiceri,
• Anna Grazia Monteduro,
• Adriano Colombelli,
• Angelo Leo,
• Maria Grazia Manera,
• Roberto Rella and
• Giuseppe Maruccio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1582–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.150

• high sensitivity of these oscillations to refractive index changes in the surrounding environment was exploited for monitoring binding events in real time and detecting gas [9][10], protein–ligand interactions, nucleic acid and protein conformational changes [11][12]. On the other hand, magnonic [13

Optical near-field mapping of plasmonic nanostructures prepared by nanosphere lithography

• Gitanjali Kolhatkar,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Jiawei Zhang,
• Chahinez Dab,
• Gregory Q. Wallace,
• François Lagugné-Labarthet and
• Andreas Ruediger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1536–1543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.144

• tips to ensure a detectable near-field contribution that will exceed the ubiquitous background far-field signal in the scattered light. In ideal conditions, fast scanning on the surface ensures a high sensitivity, and minimizes the drift. To achieve this objective, most nano-antennas used in aSNOM are

Cathodoluminescence as a probe of the optical properties of resonant apertures in a metallic film

• Kalpana Singh,
• Evgeniy Panchenko,
• Babak Nasr,
• Amelia Liu,
• Lukas Wesemann,
• Timothy J. Davis and
• Ann Roberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.140

• apertures. The high sensitivity of the resonant modes of the apertures to the refractive index of the surrounding media underpins significant potential in realizing highly efficient ultra-compact biological and chemical sensors [26][27][28][29][30][31], plasmonic electrochemical sensors [32] and as SERS

P3HT:PCBM blend films phase diagram on the base of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry

• Barbara Hajduk,
• Henryk Bednarski,
• Bożena Jarząbek,
• Henryk Janeczek and
• Paweł Nitschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1108–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.102

• transitions and to determine the glass transition temperatures and melting crystallization points of the P3HT:PCBM blend films. By analyzing the influence of the temperature T on the raw ellipsometric data, we have identified a high sensitivity of the ellipsometric angle Δ at a wavelength of 280 nm to

• is a very sensitive optical technique to investigate the phase transitions and to determine the glass temperatures and melting crystallization points for the P3HT:PCBM blend films. By analyzing the influence of the temperature on the raw ellipsometric data, we have identified the high sensitivity of

• obtained d(T) plots were the base for the determination of phase diagrams. By analyzing the influence of temperature on the raw ellipsometric data, we have identified a high sensitivity of the ellipsometric angle Δ at a wavelength of 280 nm to temperature changes. Characteristic temperatures determined

A simple extension of the commonly used fitting equation for oscillatory structural forces in case of silica nanoparticle suspensions

• Sebastian Schön and
• Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1095–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.101

• increasing suspension concentration as shown in Figure 10. In contrast to this, the amplitude A of the common fit shows a trend of a linear increase with increasing silica nanoparticle concentration. The trend is not unambiguous as the data scatter. This is related to the high sensitivity of the amplitude to

Perfusion double-channel micropipette probes for oxygen flux mapping with single-cell resolution

• Yang Gao,
• Bin Li,
• Riju Singhal,
• Adam Fontecchio,
• Ben Pelleg,
• Zulfiya Orynbayeva,
• Yury Gogotsi and
• Gary Friedman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 850–860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.79

• and investigate a scanning flux measurement system for individual cells that offers high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. The main concept of the developed scanning probe is the confinement of the flux being measured by use of flow perfusion through double-channel micropipettes. We

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• have already been used for various antimicrobial applications, such as (i) ionization techniques, (ii) membrane technologies to reduce biofouling of sanitation devices, (iii) development of sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity for pathogen detection, (iv) everyday products (cosmetics, shoes

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• them, ZnO nanostructures have particularly attracted attention for use in gas sensors due to their stability and relatively high sensitivity to target gases such as NO2, NO, CO, n-propane (C3H8), and NH3. In general, gas sensing devices based on ZnO structures are evidenced to be influenced by many

• NPs to interact directly with the adsorbed oxygen species and target gases [40][41]. As a result, the gas-sensing properties of Au NP/ZnO sensors are crucial to maintain the high sensitivity and fast response–recovery characteristics. The strong electronic interaction between gold and the defect sites