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Search for "hydrogen" in Full Text gives 750 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126
- . The distribution of species shows that only approximately 0.013 molecules of phenol will react with the protonated catalyst surface, while 0.888 molecules of DBMP could interact with the catalyst surface by Coulombic forces and a further 0.112 via hydrogen bonds. The apparent degradation rate constant
- oxidize than phenol. This is also because of the substitution of two hydrogen atoms by two electron donors (–Br) in the DBMP molecule, which activates the aromatic ring. The degradation efficiency in photocatalysis was higher for DBMP than for phenol, reaching 98%. Excitation of the catalyst with energies
A TiO2@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125
- irradiation is significantly higher than that prepared by TiO2 (vs Ag/AgCl). The low charge capacity of the TiO2@MWCNTs electrode–electrolyte interface hinders the recombination of the photogenerated electrons and holes, which contributes to the enhancement of the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency
- research focuses on synthesizing and modifying photocatalysts for photoanodes and photocathodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting [11]. Several TiO2-based photocatalysts have been developed and applied in photoelectrochemical water splitting. The results showed that the solar-to-hydrogen (STH
- ) nanocomposite by sol–gel method for visible-light-induced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution [8]. The photocatalyst consisted of dense TiO2 particles covering functionalized MWNTs and exhibited good photoactivity under visible light (λ > 420 nm), but the photoelectrochemical water splitting showed a low hydrogen
Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118
- delivery systems through van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking, or electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions [24]. Several BODIPYs have been reported to be loaded into liposomes for cancer therapy [25]. Therefore, we speculated that BODIPY can be associated with our previously reported
LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114
- of electrons in the HBN lattice. This results in photoinactivity due to a wider bandgap (5.5 eV) and limits its applicability to adsorption, drug delivery, insulators, flame retardants, hydrogen storage, among others [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. This dictates the development of various innovative
Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109
- photocatalysts in eco-friendly applications on a large scale. Bi-based nanomaterials as semiconductor photocatalysts are one of the study’s primary goals, as is the use of Bi-based nanomaterials for wastewater treatment, hydrogen generation, and photocatalytic degradation. Fabrication methods, reliability
- analogies, and future challenges of photocatalysts derived from bismuth-based nanomaterials are also discussed. There are many review reports on synthesis and enhancement techniques of Bi-based photocatalysts and the application of these photocatalysts in hydrogen generation, CO2 reduction, and water
- sheets, Bi2MoO6 microspheres were used. The 2D morphological properties of the Bi2O3 sheets resulted in enhanced charge carrier transfer. The relative mass ratio of Bi2MoO6 and Bi2O3 may be fine-tuned by adjusting the alkali dose (i.e., NaOH or KOH). Using phenol degradation and hydrogen generation as a
Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104
- assembly methods, direct growth of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) allows for increased bond strength between CNT tips and AFM probes. A pore growth method was used by Hafner et al. [42]. The method uses AFM imaging in contact mode to flatten the silicon tip, followed by hydrogen
- does it generate catalyst patterns in advance. In order to proceed safely and cost-effectively, the method uses mainly ethanol as the carbon source with a 4% flow gravity of hydrogen gas. Notably, using this tip array allows the growth method to be further optimized to produce the highest percentage of
Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100
- based on noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, van der Waals forces, π–π interaction, and electrostatic interaction. Moreover, the structural “fitting” effect may also have distinct adsorption behaviors for enantiomers. Therefore, the design of effective chiral
- adsorption comparison between deionized H2O, ᴅ-MA, and the racemate of MA, it was revealed that the specific recognition should be ascribed to the hydrogen bonding between the immobilized ʟ-Phe and the analyte ʟ-MA. Valine (Val) is one of the eight essential amino acids of the human body, which plays a
- typical hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues of SA molecules. Based on the QCM responses of naproxen (Nap) recognition on the BSA selector layer, Guo et al. studied the chiral adsorption forces by cyclic voltammograms (CVs) [33]. The result showed the formation of a larger electron transfer
Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99
- . A phase-engineered flexible MoS2 nanosheet generator is worth mentioning. Through annealing at 150 °C, the 1T phase of MoS2 is changed to the 2H phase. The 2H phase can dissociate more water molecules into hydrogen ions than the 1T phase (Figure 4d,e). Thus, the different phases yield a difference
- in hydrogen ion concentration and this difference forms the induced current in the external circuit. The MoS2 film can provide a continuous electrical output of 19 mV and 6.24 μA. The introduction of ion concentration difference is a valuable improvement. This artificially created internal ion
- voltage to two spiral electrodes, the material between the electrodes generated a gradient of hydroxy groups through polarization. The cathode was reduced to generate more hydroxy groups; the anode was oxidized to generate more o-quinone structures. This asymmetry was demonstrated by the stronger hydrogen
Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93
- electron microscopy [21]. Cassava peels as a natural carbon precursor and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a surface passivizing agent was used by Putro et al. to prepare CDs via the hydrothermal method [99]. Tu et al. used non-toxic fungal biomass Ganoderma lucidum along with EDA and diammonium hydrogen
Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89
- environmentally friendly with zero emissions at the time of use. These systems have the ability to convert chemical energy into electric energy with the highest conversion possible [1][2]. The active electrode reactions include the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The
- (K–L) method using Equation S1, Supporting Information File 1. The K–L plot (I−1 vs ω−1/2) obtained from the LSV curves in Figure 3b shows the linearity at different potentials (Figure 3c). Moreover, RRDE studies were carried out to measure the hydrogen peroxide generated during the electroreduction
Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86
- simulation conditions used in this work, the adsorption of water favours the formation of defects in silicon by mixing hydrogen and oxygen atoms into the substrate. The sputtering yield of silicon is not significantly changed by the contamination, but the fraction of hydrogen and oxygen atoms that is
- interaction between argon ions and silicon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, we used DFT to simulate the potential energy between each of these pairs: Ar–Ar, Ar–Si, Ar–H, and Ar–O. Once extracted, the potential energy was fitted using the Morse potential which is described in Equation 1: where r represents the
- between silicon, hydrogen, and oxygen particles. An hybrid pair style [48] was used in the MD simulations to match both the ReaxFF potential (for Si–Si, Si–O, Si–H, O–O, O–H, and H–H bonds) and the Morse potential (for Ar–Si, Ar–O, Ar–H, and Ar–Ar interactions). The charge equilibration for the ReaxFF
Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83
- monomers were identified by their fragments formed by electron impact ionisation using HP-Chemstation software (Hewlett Packard Cooperation, Palo Alto, USA). The injection volume was 1 µL and the carrier gas was hydrogen for GC–FID and helium for GC–MS. Analysis of the wetting properties The wetting
Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81
- polymer chains against protein molecules increases, while a tightly bound water layer creates a physical and energetic barrier and renders interactions with approaching proteins or bacteria thermodynamically unfavorable [50]. The concept of steric repulsion based on a hydration layer through hydrogen
- regular secondary structure within one type of silk allows for the condensed packing of protein, as well as the formation of hydrogen bonds, leading to tightly connected intra- and inter-protein chains [111]. While the crystalline regions exhibit a high hydrogen bond density accounting for the strength of
- a silk fibre, the unordered amorphous regions with less hydrogen bond density induce flexibility [109]. Besides considerable variations in arthropods, the silk of silkworms and related moths, and that of orb-weaving spiders share some features. Their silk proteins are often of high molecular weight
Solar-light-driven LaFexNi1−xO3 perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79
- substances in wastewater [16]. Among these procedures, the Fenton method causes numerous interests due to its convenience and effectiveness. Notably, the Fenton method can produce many hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) by introducing divalent iron solution and hydrogen peroxide, as shown in Equation 1 below. The
- hydrogen peroxide can be remarkably transformed into redox radicals, followed by destroying the organic pollutants. Meanwhile, the remaining divalent iron complexes in the system can return to the circulation of hydrogen peroxide reaction and continuously form new hydroxide radicals [20]. Therefore, based
- precursor for VOCs combustion [32], hydrogen production from ethanol [33], hydrocarbon fuels production from CO2 and H2O [34], syngas production from dry reforming [35], steam reforming of methane [36], or combined reforming of methane with CO2 and O2 [37]. Meanwhile, LaNiO3 photocatalysts also played an
Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70
- controllers. The Cu foil was first annealed in argon atmosphere (500 sccm, 9.0 Torr) for 30 min in a quartz tube furnace. In the growth process, the gas mixture of argon (250 sccm), hydrogen (100 sccm), and methane (1.2 sccm) was subsequently introduced into the quartz chamber, where a reaction pressure of
Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP15 nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69
- coefficient and the Hansen solubility parameters for KP15 According to the Hansen’s theory [19], the dispersed concentration C of a KP15 dispersion prepared by liquid exfoliation can be expressed by Equation 1 as follows. where δD is the intermolecular dispersion force, δH is the intermolecular hydrogen bond
Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68
- ), Poloxamer 188 (Kolophor® P 188), 25% glutaraldehyde solution, branched polyethylene imine (25 kDa, PEI), sodium metabisulfite, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid 5% in methanol, sodium hydrogen carbonate, lysozyme from chicken egg white, and solvents (HPLC grade) have been obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim
Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67
- and the infrared spectrum, hydrogen bonding between the nanosheets and the ice-like water molecules were found to be the main contributors to the unique adhesion behavior (Figure 9) [149]. This finding suggests that the 2D coordination polymers could cooperatively assemble into useful macrostructures
- . Illustration of the possible structure of water inside the Ni–CN–Ni nanosheets. The green balls represent carbon. The red balls represent nickel. The yellow balls represent nitrogen. The blue balls represent oxygen. The gray balls represent hydrogen. Figure 9 was used with permission of The Royal Society of
Hierarchical Bi2WO6/TiO2-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66
- some Bi2WO6/TiO2 composites, which were employed in various photocatalytic applications, such as degradation of organic pollutants [25], oxidation of methane [24], and production of hydrogen by water splitting [26]. According to these reports, Bi2WO6/TiO2 composites have better photocatalytic
- conduction band (ECB) of the TiO2 and Bi2WO6 semiconductors are determined according to the Equation 5 and Equation 6 [31]: where χ, Ee, and Eg represent the geometric mean of the absolute electronegativity of the atoms in the semiconductors, the free electron energy on the hydrogen scale (approx. 4.5 eV
Design and selection of peptides to block the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain by molecular docking
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 699–711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.62
- , peptides with great affinity to the RBD were selected. The most common amino acids involved in the recognition of the RBD were identified to design novel peptides based on the number of hydrogen bonds that were formed. At physiological pH, these peptides are almost neutral and soluble in aqueous media
- viruses. Keywords: angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2); antiviral peptides; hydrogen bonds; molecular docking; SARS-CoV-2 RBD; Introduction The current pandemic due to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2, has over 533 million of confirmed cases and over 6.3 million
- of the most commonly used programs [16][17][21]. ADV provides theoretical information about hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions. It can also predict the binding pose and binding affinity [20]. Considering these important features, ADV
Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56
- spectra demonstrated that the solubility of BBR NPs was greatly enhanced compared to that of pure BBR. Glycerol played a role as a stabilizer for BBR NPs through the formation of hydrogen bonds between glycerol and BBR NPs. The prepared BBR NPs have a narrow size distribution with an average diameter of
- explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the oxygen-containing groups (methoxy and furyl groups) of BBR and the –OH group of glycerol in water [38]. Morphology and size distribution of BBR NPs The SEM image (Figure 3a) shows that pure BBR forms tightly agglomerated rods with rectangular cross
- solvent that possesses many hydroxy groups. The hydrogen atoms of these hydroxy groups and the oxygen atoms of methoxy and furyl groups of BBR form hydrogen bonds, which can effectively avoid the aggregation of BBR NPs. Therefore, glycerol acts as a stabilizer to improve the distribution and stability of
Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54
- white colour represents the oxygen atom and the blue is the hydrogen atom. b) Water/CuO nanofluid in an orthogonal box of 40 Å × 40 Å × 25 Å with 463 water molecules; where red atoms are copper and yellow represents oxygen bonded in a CuO nanoparticle. The blue-coloured atoms are hydrogen and the white
Sodium doping in brookite TiO2 enhances its photocatalytic activity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52
- heterojunction exhibited a synergetic effect, improving the photocatalytic activity for both hydrogen generation and organic dye degradation [10][11]). Similarly, the anatase/brookite heterojunction (38.2% brookite) also exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of cylindrospermopsin under UV–vis light [12
Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45
- network due to predominant polymer–medium interactions [27]. The subsequent increase of pH to 7.4 led to the decrease of DH of PHEG-Tyr nanogel to 131 nm driven by stronger polymer–polymer interactions including hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, leading to a shrinkage of the PHEG-Tyr nanogel
- to the measurement at 25 °C as a result of the contribution from hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. However, it is important to note that the measurement was also affected by the broad particle size distribution of Nα-Lys-NG nanogel documented by the error bars in Figure 3a. PDI values
- obtained from Lach-Ner (Czech Republic). The solvents were purified and dried by a standard procedure before use. Aminopropan-2-ol (purified by vacuum distillation) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). 1,6-Diaminohexane, HBr 33 wt % in acetic acid, 30% hydrogen peroxide solution (w/w) in water
Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43
- mechanical properties, many studies have shown better mechanical properties of PVA/PVP hydrogels [39][40][41]. In one study, the tensile strength of PVA hydrogel was increased by 133% after blending with less than 2% w/w PVP [42]. This is due to the formation of relatively strong hydrogen bonds between the
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