Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• dialysate. The same procedure was used to prepare RhBITC-BSA/PDA NPs, except that FITC was replaced by RhBITC. The concentrated solution of RhBITC (8.25 mM) was prepared by dissolving 4.4 mg in 1 mL of DMSO. Characterization of the BSA/polydopamine nanoparticles Size measurement The diameter of the NPs was

Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function

• Perawat Boonpuek and
• Jonathan R. Felts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99

• force curves with contact mechanics models and extracting the adhesion and friction forces [5][6]. If we do not know the exact value of the tip radius, the sample image with the observation of scanning frequency and the calculation results are not accurate. This indicates that the measurement results

• tips (silicon nitride, silicon, and high-aspect-ratio tips) were scanned over the calibration pattern. Simultaneously, the AFM measurement signal showed the tip path profile as the real geometry of a fabricated microstructure. The tip radius was obtained from the curvature radius of the curve profile

• addition, those studies are limited to the use of uncoated AFM tips with reflectively coated cantilevers. Here, we present the actual measurement of the radius of coated and uncoated AFM tips using the contact scan mode with sub-nanonewton normal load on a height calibration standard grating. The round

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• topographic information, which we represent here as a yellow–blue color map. During the whole measurement, a bias voltage Ubias is applied between tip and sample. Simultaneously to the force–distance curve, the current is acquired. As it can be seen from the example curves in Figure 1, the extremal current is

• as a compromise between bandwidth distortion and total measurement time. Plotting the extremal current yields the current maps shown here in gray scale and provides a measure to compare the conductive properties in different areas of the surface. Using the QI mode is particularly advantageous in our

• lower topography and increased current to a thinning of the SAM by pushing aside molecules with the probe. Another effect contributing to the thinning of the SAM is molecules being picked up by the probe during the measurement. The effect we observe here is most likely a combination of both processes

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• uncrosslinked PDMS monomers (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3C). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) scans of the samples (Figure 1F–H) show that the nanopillars and nanoholes have sub-micrometer feature sizes and a periodicity of around 1.2 µm. Due to AFM measurement artifacts, especially for lateral

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• article, we discuss examples highlighting the influence of elasticity in nanoscale biological interactions focusing on mucosal delivery and on tumor targeting. Besides this, we discuss the influence of different measurement settings using atomic force microscopy for the determination of mechanical

• properties of drug carriers. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; drug delivery; elasticity; mechanical properties; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; stiffness measurement; tissue/body distribution; Introduction Drug delivery systems are developed with the aim to transport a given drug to the site of action

• determined by the Young’s modulus, bulk modulus or shear modulus, viscoelastic properties or deformability) as well as the measurement method to quantify these properties. Anselmo et al. as well as Nie et al. gave comprehensive overviews and definitions of different measurements of mechanical properties [16

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• work, we demonstrate the development of a multi-resistance reference sample for calibrating resistance measurements in conductive probe atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) covering the range from 100 Ω to 100 GΩ. We present a comprehensive protocol for in situ calibration of the whole measurement circuit

• : calibration; conductive probe atomic force microscopy; measurement protocol; nanoscale; resistance reference; Introduction Since its introduction thirty years ago by Murrell et al. [1], conductive probe atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) has evolved into a unique and powerful technique for measuring local

• commonly observed in C-AFM because of highly localized electric fields at the tip apex leading to structural damage considerably affecting the measurement reliability. These effects are further amplified during scanning in contact mode due to shear forces and strong mechanical stress imposed on the tip

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• bending can significantly modify (depending on the optical power) the tip–surface distance during the spectroscopic measurement (which has to be performed in open z-loop). Whenever possible, it is preferable to investigate the photoresponse of the sample under modulated or pulsed illumination. Provided

• measurement, quantities that are directly proportional to the Fourier coefficients of the time-periodic surface photovoltage. Unfortunately, the translation of this promising technique from ambient conditions – where it has proven its worth – to ultra-high vacuum poses significant challenges. This is mainly

• due to the enhanced quality factors under vacuum, which severely limits the frequency window available to increase the amplitude of the intermodulation products (for a more detailed discussion, see [14]). In this work, we propose to approach the measurement of intermodulation products with non-contact

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• indicates the temporal evolution of this timeline throughout the measurement process. These scans indicate the reproducibility of acquired displacement and photovoltage under modulated illumination at a single point. To analyze them, we extracted 10 line profiles depicted in blue and red for topography and

• for the micrometric measurement is comparable to the locally measured photovoltage. However, we were not able to quantify precisely the displacement of the membrane by conventional imaging since a temperature-induced drift occurs under illumination. Therefore, we modified the method in the point scan

• cantilever or the AFM head does not block the light from reaching the sample, the sample was manually rotated, and the measurement was performed on the second quarter of the device using the same procedure. As all four quadrants of the sample surface were mapped, the points located at the quadrant boundaries

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• measurement devices were placed to control operating conditions at the inlet and outlet of the compressor. Pressure and temperature values were measured at the inlet and outlet to ensure safe operation of the refrigeration compressor. Piezoresistive pressure transmitters (PPT) and resistance temperature

• ambient temperature was also controlled during the experiments using a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. The technical specifications of the measurement devices used in the experiments are given in Table 2. Preparation of the nanolubricant In this study, nanoparticles of Al2O3, graphene

• , the uncertainty of R is expressed as Equation 2. The only magnitude calculated based on the measurement data within the scope of this study is the kinematic viscosity value. Other magnitudes were determined by direct measurement, and the uncertainty of the measurement devices was considered in the

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• conductivity After dilution of the particle suspension to 0.13% (V/V) with NaCl, the average size and conductivity, as well as the zeta potential of the particles were determined using a zetasizer (zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern Instruments, Malvern, United Kingdom) with each measurement in triplicate. Hemoglobin

• content in this suspension was 5.4 ± 0.02 mg/mL. Analysis by zetasizer showed an average particle size of 781 ± 7 nm, a conductivity of 1.34 ± 0.07 mS/cm, and a zeta potential of −28.0 ± 0.5 mV. The oxygen release method measurement showed a percentage of 81.4% ± 2.13% functional Hb. Light microscopy

• by antibody binding (CD14-block, CD33-block, CD163-block, CD204-block, all antibodies simultaneously CD14,33,163,204-block), had no inhibitory effect on the ability of monocytes to phagocytose FITC-labeled E. coli (Figure 4). This observation confirmed the soundness of the indirect measurement method

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• analytes using LFAs. One of the promising strategies is to enhance the photothermal properties of nanomaterials to generate heat after light irradiation, followed by a temperature measurement to detect and quantify the analyte concentration. Recently, it has been observed that the nanoscale architecture of

• quantitative measurement of target analytes. Along with the above traits, the selected photothermal material should be well integrated in the assay membrane for a smooth flow of biomolecules. The photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles in LFAs demonstrated by a cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) LFA

• acts as a visual signal in the LFA and added photothermal properties to the assay. The LOD of this method was 45 pg·mL−1, which is two times higher than that of a GNP-based assay. Further, the authors developed an integrated system of mobile phone camera and laser for the quantitative measurement of

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• angle of 70° towards the wafer normal. However, for measurements the inner reactor has to be opened and the substrate has to be moved to a defined measurement position. This was done after a subset of typically 100 ALD cycles. The film thickness after a series of depositions was determined ex situ using

• a Sentech SE850 ellipsometer of Sentech Instruments GmbH under the same angle of incidence. A map of 50 measurement points with a spiral pattern was used to determine the film thickness distribution. Both systems used the same model for thickness determination, namely a Drude–Lorentzian model for

• had a slightly increased growth rate. This indicates a different deposition mode, probably caused by incomplete precursor decomposition during the plasma pulse. The XPS measurement and the calculated composition of a film deposited at 35 °C are shown in Figure 13. The film is dominated by carbon and

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• concentration of 1 and the concentration dependence shown in Figure 3c and Figure 3d. We repeated this test using a 10 μL aliquot of 5.00 × 10−3 M of 2 in THF. The constancy of λmax = 530 nm indicated that any change in the nanoparticle size distribution was undetectable on the timescale of the measurement

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• area (S), and the applied mechanical stress (ΔF) [35]: Under short-circuit conditions, the current can be expressed by Equation 3 [35]: To determine the piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric film, a dynamic measurement method was utilized in this study. The piezoelectric film was exposed to

• periodic forces (ΔF) applied by the excitation system under short-circuit conditions, leading to the generation of an electric current. The piezoelectric coefficient can be calculated using Equation 3. The self-constructed piezoelectric coefficient measurement system is illustrated in Figure 14a, while the

• pressure. Open-circuit voltage plot of the sensor at 65 dB sound pressure at different frequencies. (a) Piezoelectric coefficient measurement system and (b) results of the piezoelectric coefficient. Example of KNN classification algorithm. Heart sound time domain diagram before pretreatment. Figure 16

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• % amplitude using an ultrasonic processor (130 Watts, Cole-Parmer, USA) equipped with a 6 mm titanium tip. After the sonication process, NLC-BNZ were obtained by leaving the hot suspension to cool to room temperature. The remaining volume was then measured. Measurement of the encapsulation efficiency

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• of the atomic force microscope (AFM) for the evaluation of the surface potential with nanometric resolution. KPFM is a valuable investigative approach for the study of work functions via the measurement of the contact potential difference VCPD, that is, the difference between the electrostatic

• sample was then placed in 1% HF solution for 30 s to etch the top oxide layer. This step was followed by a rinsing with deionized water and drying in air. This procedure was necessary for an optimal KPFM analysis since the presence of a native oxide surface layer on top can lead to the measurement of a

• crosstalk [17]. The laser beam deflection system in our AFM employs a laser wavelength of 1310 nm, which is well below the bandgap of our sample; therefore, the parasitic laser absorption, which may interfere with the KPFM measurement, is reduced to negligible levels [13]. Highly doped n+-Si ARROW EFM tips

Nanomaterials for photocatalysis and applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy

• Viet Van Pham and
• Wee-Jun Ong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 722–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.58

• primary sources of environmental [2]. A Global Warming Potential (GWP) measurement was used to compare the global warming effects of different gases. It has been calculated to reflect how long gases remain in the atmosphere, on average, and how strongly it absorbs energy [3]. Besides, the discharge of

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• distribution along with log-normal fit, (c) HRTEM image, and (d) AFM image of GQDs. (a) XRD pattern and (b) EDX spectra (inset showing weight and atomic percent of carbon and oxygen) of GQDs. (a) FTIR spectrum and (b) Raman spectrum of GQDs. EIS measurement of 0.1 M KCl containing 0.05 M [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− at the

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• following H. J. Lunk's method. At 300 °C, the tunnel diameter is DMo–Mo = 9.0323 Å, equivalent to DLunk = 2.6192 Å in H. J. Lunk's method (DLunk ≈ DMo–Mo − 2r0 − 2reff, where r0 = 1.52 Å is the van der Waals radius of O, and reff ≈ 1.6816 Å is the projection length of Mo–O2 along the measurement direction

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• measurement data points. Solid lines show the equivalent circuit fit results. (a) Nyquist plots: the frequency range shown in the graph is 0.24–10 000 Hz for RH 5–50%, 0.1–10 000 Hz for RH 73% and 95%; the inset shows a zoomed plot at RH 95%; (b) equivalent circuit models; (c, d) Bode plots of log Z vs log f

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• spectrometry (LC–MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) have demonstrated greater selectivity and lower variability when compared to immunoassays for the measurement of antibiotics and steroid hormones in various complex samples [22][23

• (miniaturised) with the potential for low-cost manufacturing. Optical sensing: fluorescent sensors Optical sensors are light-based analytical devices based on the alteration in the measurement of light wavelengths following the interaction of the analyte with the molecular recognition element (Figure 5

• fluorescence measurement error. It has gained widespread use in luminescent sensing in recent years as a significant non-irradiation energy conversion technology. IFE is observed when the analyte (acceptor) absorbs the fluorophore’s (donor) excitation or emission light. The IFE-based fluorescence technique is

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• indicate changes regarding the variation of the nanoparticle surfaces according to the value of the working pressure. Since XPS analysis is a surface measurement and the samples were calcined in air, the possibility to identify the presence of Ti3+ species and oxygen vacancies is small, but we do not

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• distances without scattering off a surface. With a small ratio, we must take into account the nature of phonon scattering and reflection into our model of heat transport. This idea ties in to the familiar Knudsen number, Kn = λ/L, with λ being some transport mean free path and L being a measurement of the

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• Figure 8, respectively. The colored lines represent the average spectra obtained for each SERS substrate, and the grey area represents the standard deviation of the average spectrum. Each spectrum was obtained by averaging the SERS spectra from at least 100 measurement points. The evaluation of the

• [32]. Calculations were based on the intensity of the peak at 1078 cm−1, which is the most intense of all peaks in the pMBA spectrum. To determine EFs, a Raman measurement of pMBA adsorbed on the surface of a polished platinum plate was additionally made. The procedure for the analyte deposition on

• atomic force microscope (AFM) (NT-MDT, Moscow, Russia) in non-contact mode using the approach described previously [37]. The silver layers were removed randomly on the sample to form a sharp edge for measurement of height (layer thickness). AFM measurements were carried out in three different areas on

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• Leff larger. Consequently, the M33 mode in the reciprocal space is closer to the Г point than the M14/41 modes. For mode indices larger than M14/41, mode leakage becomes more significant, resulting in Q factor degradation of the corresponding higher-order bulk modes. Sample fabrication and measurement

• refitted to test the scattering spectrum of the sample, as illustrated in Figure 3b. The yellow and red lines represent the imaging and measurement optical paths in the microscope. The imaging light path was utilized to adjust the illuminating position on the sample. In the measurement light path, a

• be obtained. A 20× objective was used in the measurement. Limited by the excitation efficiencies of one specific position for all modes and the sensitivity of the spectrometer, the weak scattering signal from the resonances is inundated by noise. To identify the resonance wavelength of the cavity, a