Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• /GQDs nanoparticles. Magnetic properties, morphology, structure, and fluorescence of the nanocomposites were studied, and the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue as a dye model and the mechanism of methylene degradation were also addressed. Experimental Materials Cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate

• first-order kinetic model is widely employed to assess the kinetic data of photocatalytic degradation. This model is as follows: where Ct and C0 are the MB concentration at the beginning and at the time t, respectively; k1 is the first-order kinetic rate constant. The slope of the linear plot of vs t

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• applications in modern superconducting spintronics [18][19][20][21][22]. In 1997, Beasley and coworkers proposed a theoretical F1/F2/S model of the SSV structure [1]. Another F1/S/F2 model was developed a little later in 1999 by Tagirov [2] and Buzdin and coworkers [3]. In these structures, F1 and F2 are

• the same time, the quantitative agreement between theory and experiment is not good, as expected. The same is true in the case of the dependence plotted in the inset to Figure 4. The theoretical model predicts a sharp decline in Tc at a dPb value close to 40 nm, but the measurements suggest a

• smoother dependence of the critical temperature, possibly extending to lower temperatures. The model also suggests an asymmetric peak in ΔTc(dPb), whereas a more symmetric peak is observed in Figure 3 (at the same time, the left side of the peak is steeper than the right one both in theory and in

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• , which was not indicated by a simple model based on etching. An analytical model was developed to include continued etching once the deposit has been removed at the exposed pixel. At this stage the secondary electrons from the substrate then cause the adsorbed water molecules to become effective in

• explained, based on a simple model of the physics involved. Then experimental results are presented, which are quite surprising and call for an extension of the simple model. A more advanced model simulating the FEBIE-assisted sidewall modification is proposed. The simulation results are shown to be in good

• Gaussian sidewalls. Also shown, as a negative Gaussian function, is the etching profile resulting from a point exposure. Note that this is just a two-dimensional model, that is, it represents the cross section of the line and it has zero length in the perpendicular direction. When FEBIE is applied to the

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• ) experiments were performed to study the effect of heat treatment on the inner structure of NWs. Two transmission electron microscopes (Tecnai GF20, FEI and JEOL microscope, model ARM-200F) were used at a 200 kV acceleration voltage. Simulations The extent and distribution of mechanical stresses induced by

• stresses in the middle of the suspended part (up to 1 × 109 N/m2). In this simplified idealistic model, the contact between a NW and Si is absolutely rigid, preventing any slippage or plastic deformation at the interface. Moreover, FEM simulations do not include possible rearrangement of atoms that can

• occur in the real system as a mechanism of stress mitigation. The model is completely elastic, and the simulated processes are fully reversible. Therefore, the results of FEM simulations should only be treated as a simplified qualitative illustration of the thermomechanical processes that may occur in

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• and increased the survival rate of cells under high H2O2 concentration. In vivo results of another experiment demonstrated the ROS scavenging ability of Au@Cu2O heterostructures in a zebrafish model, which is an organism with morphological and physiological functions similar to those of humans [48

• between cerium(IV) and cerium(III). SOD activity immobilized through cross-linking on a Zr framework (SOD-ZrMOF) demonstrates effective scavenging of ROS and inhibition of oxidative stress. A prolonged investigation using an animal model of acute myocardial infarction revealed that SOD-ZrMOF has the

Insect attachment on waxy plant surfaces: the effect of pad contamination by different waxes

• Elena V. Gorb and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.35

• wax coverage were collected near Jagotyn (Kyiv District, Ukraine; 50° 15′ 25″ N, 31° 46′ 54″ E) and used fresh in the force tests. Insect The leaf beetle C. fastuosa served as a model insect species in this study because it has been used in previous relevant experimental studies on insect attachment

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• strain within the grains remains constant even though the externally applied strain increased to ca. 0.4%. In an attempt to model piezoresistance in NCG, we have used the tunneling + destruction model for composite materials [24]: The model with five free parameters was fitted to the data as shown in

• Figure 2c, and the fit parameters are given in Table 1. The model was initially given for a matrix in which conducting particles are dispersed in a polymer matrix and are separated by tunnel junctions. In this model, the conductivity in the film is determined by the number of conductive paths, N, and the

• tunneling distance, d. The model has been used to explain the piezoresistance for several composite materials [29][30]. Zhao et al. [24] used the model to explain the piezoresistance in nanographene films, although the material is comparable to ours and not a composite material in the original sense. NCG

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• processes (i.e., thermal diffusion and ion-induced diffusion) [32]. This approach is based on the linear cascade model and Gaussian approximation of energy distribution as developed by Sigmund [26] to describe ion–atom collisions inside the target. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) studies in the

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• oscillatory manner by the magnetic field in the nanowire-based devices. We present a toy model to qualitatively explain these observations. Keywords: AAO template; critical current; multilayered magnetic nanowires; spin-transfer torque; three-dimensional devices; Introduction Spin-transfer torque (STT) has

• the applied magnetic field [28][33]. To our knowledge, this oscillatory behavior of the critical currents in multilayer nanowire arrays is rarely reported. To phenomenologically interpret the nonmonotonous changes of the critical currents, we propose a model system consisting of five adjacent layers

• (one fixed layer, two free layers, and two spacer layers) as shown in Figure 4. With this model we qualitatively explain how one period of the Ic+ modulation is formed. As shown in Figure 4, the NiCu layers are labelled as layer 1 to layer 3 from top to bottom. As discussed above, layer 1 is the fixed

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• heterostructures were performed by preparing Ag electrodes (1 mm diameter) on top of the WOx films and p-Si substrates. The I–V data were acquired by applying DC voltage sweeps (−1 V→0 V→+1 V) using a Keithley source meter (Model 2400, Tektronix, USA) in a sandwiched configuration. During the measurements, the

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• than in the laboratory and showed a comparable in vitro activity to free BNZ [33]. Formulated as oral tablets containing a reduced dose of BNZ/cyclodextrin (50% loading of BNZ (% BNZ/total mass)) and administered to a murine model, BNZ/cyclodextrin did not overcome the efficacy of free BNZ during the

• increased 10-fold (from 0.4 mg/mL for bulk BNZ to 3.99 mg/mL for BNZ-NC) [49]. After oral administration of BNZ-NC to an acute murine model infected with the Nicaragua strain of T. cruzi at 300 mg/kg total dose (TD) (30 days treatment) and 375 mg/kg TD (15 days treatment), which was about half of the 750 mg

• /kg free BNZ TD administered at 50 mg/kg/day over 15 days, both BNZ-NC and free BNZ showed 100% survival at 50 days post-infection (dpi) [50]. In a model of immunosuppressed chronic phase, 750 mg/kg BNZ-NC TD showed the same efficacy as 1500 mg/kg free BNZ. Immunosuppressed mice treated with BNZ-NC

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• . The complete EM particle size distributions were used to calculate the SSA values for the five samples using three distinct models, namely one based on particle ECD, another on MinFeret values, and the third on the Cauchy model. These results are summarised in Table 5. Comparing the calculated SSA

• , and M3 completely rely on particle edge detection by the human eye, which is the most accurate detection method assuming good laboratory practice. Methods M1, P1, and P6 rely on automated particle detection, the former using a model-free sizing algorithm and the latter two using a sizing algorithm

Investigating structural and electronic properties of neutral zinc clusters: a G₀W₀ and G₀W₀Г₀⁽¹⁾ benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal,
• Mujtaba Ikram and
• Kareem Morsy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 310–316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.28

• cluster size, the curve slightly flattens (up to n = 6). There is a sharp increase in the curve for n = 7, 9, and 10. These high binding energies display the higher stability of these particular clusters, which is consistent with the shell model and spectroscopic observations. Wang et al. [7] also

• correction is closer to the experimental value of 9.0 ± 0.2 eV. IPs from a model Hamiltonian presented by Tarento [34] suggested a value of 8.61 eV, and our IP is the closest to the reported experimental result. Furthermore, the correction for a cluster size of n = 2–7 was used to compare our IPs from G0W0

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• lack such information. To further clarify the influence of the zeta potential on cell damage, a QSPR model was developed with 132 MeOx NMs to understand the possible mechanisms of cell damage. The results showed that zeta potential, along with seven other descriptors, had the potential to influence

• potential dataset; for the cell damage dataset, 111 compounds were present in the training set, and the remaining 21 compounds were in the test set. The training set compounds were used for feature selection and model development; the test set was utilized for assessing the predictivity of the developed

• model. Model development Zeta potential QSPR model To develop the property-based QSPR model, the training set was utilized for model development. The training set of 13 compounds was processed through feature selection via stepwise regression and genetic algorithm (GA) [29]. After feature selection, the

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• . For comparison with other setups or references, the polarization ratio of our setup and the relative values measured on Si(100) with native oxide and 90 nm SiO2 are given in Supporting Information File 1. As noted by several authors and predicted by the optical interference model, the normalized

• with the model of Li and coworkers [31] (black solid line in Figure S3d–f). (Note that in this latter work the experimental data on which the model has been adjusted were recorded using a numerical aperture N.A. ≈ 0.45). MoS2 flakes prepared by CVD In this part, we analyze the pertinence of the

• substrate surface is completely covered by MoS2 and increases continuously, representing about 50% of the thickest samples ( ≈ 2.8). In order to verify our approach, we implemented a 2D growth toy model (see Supporting Information File 1 for details). The model results are shown in Figure 9b as full lines

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• applied. Consequently, the resistance of the helical sensor gradually increases. In order to comprehend this characteristic, an examination of the resistance behavior of the crack structure was conducted using a basic electrical circuit model, as shown in Figure S2 (Supporting Information File 1

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• Instruments, UV-1800) at a wavelength of 268 nm. Magnetic properties of nanoparticles were evaluated by vibration sample magnetometry (VSM, Lake Shore, Model 7410) using field-induced magnetization measurements at 298 K. The average diameters of nanoparticles were determined using ImageJ (US National

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• . We present design simulations including mechanical finite-element modeling of surface strain and electromagnetic simulations of meandering nanowires with large kinetic inductance. We discuss a lumped-element model of the force sensor and describe the role of an additional shunt inductance for tuning

• meets the Si substrate. The FEM model gives the distribution of strain at the surface. Figure 2a shows the distribution of longitudinal strain εxx(x, y) for the fundamental bending mode of interest. The strain is normalized to its maximum value at the center of the clamping line. Figure 2b displays this

• . The line in panel (b) is given by Equation 9. (c) Measured magnitude and (d) phase response of two samples, with and without a shunt inductance (dots). The dotted line is the fit of the model to the data of an ideal RLC circuit for the data without a shunt and an RLC circuit in parallel with a shunt

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• , and set point, influence tip wear and image quality. The values of ETD and Ra determine probe wear in the established probe model. The primary objective of this study is to identify optimal scanning parameters that mitigate tip wear while yielding high-quality AFM images. Methods The tip morphology

• employed as feature points in the probe model reconstruction to establish the subgraph template. The reconstructed probe template comprises the intersection of all subgraph templates participating in the reconstruction. Results and Discussion MATLAB implementation of simulating scanned images In order to

• shown in Figure 6. The crest’s location in the plane view indicates potential tips of structures. Images of the AFM probes were acquired using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Quattro model scanning electron microscope system. The imaging parameters for the SEM were set to 20 kV electron beam voltage with a

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• modelling of the interaction between various surfaces, that is (100), (110), and (111), of fcc aluminum with the most abundant milk proteins and lactose. Our approach combines atomistic molecular dynamics, a coarse-grained model of protein adsorption, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to predict the

• protein corona composition in the deposited milk layer on aluminum surfaces. We consider a simplified model of milk, which is composed of the six most abundant milk proteins found in natural cow milk and lactose, which is the most abundant sugar found in dairy. Through our study, we ranked selected

• provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of lactose and protein deposition on aluminum surfaces, which can aid in the general understanding of protein corona formation. Keywords: all atomistic; aluminum; bionano interface; coarse grained model; lactose; milk protein; multiscale modelling; protein

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• present an opportunity for their use in combination with ion beam processing. In the present work, we focus on the stability of DNA origami nanostructures deposited on the surface upon irradiation with heavy ions at different interaction regimes that model the most common types of ion processing

• nanometer scale and the nanometric precision of DNA origami-based assembly open possibilities in more precise tuning and control of nanofabrication. Here we analyze the consequences of ion beam irradiation on 2D DNA origami nanotriangles deposited on Si as a model substrate and resulting nanostructure

• lithographic applications. Conclusion We explored model ion interactions with DNA origami nanostructures, showing promise for fusing these state-of-the-art nanotechnology approaches. The main effects of ion beams on nanostructures are shown in Figure 4A–D. The most important observation is that the shape of

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander E. Lukyanov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19

• this mechanism, which controls superconductivity in strongly disordered materials, is modified when the disorder becomes correlated. Model Superconductivity characteristics of a disordered superconductor are investigated using an attractive Hubbard lattice Hamiltonian with point interaction, introduced

• to model the s-wave Cooper pairing [51][52], Here, the particle number operators at site i are expressed through the electron operators with spin σ. The tunneling amplitude tij = −t is assumed nonzero only for the nearest sites, μ denotes the chemical potential, Vi is the disorder potential, and g

• periodic boundary conditions. The model is treated within the standard Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov (HFB) mean-field approximation. Clearly, the mean-field results are not accurate for a strictly 2D system because of fluctuations. However, as our purpose is to describe a 3D system, where the fluctuations are

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• deposit, and at a current of 245 pA (higher electron flux) the indent shape. This controllable switching between the hydrocarbons pinning and etching caused by increasing electron flux was explained using the continuum model. The model is based on the dissociation process of adsorbed molecules by

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• their high potential applications in various fields, including theragnostics. The PLGA SPION nanoparticles were modified to carry siRNA for silencing the inflammatory cytokine Cox-2 in activated macrophages and to serve as a tracer for locating activated macrophages in a mouse model of intra-uterine

• tumor treatment [27], and PLGA-chlorambucil nanoparticles have been developed for the treatment of breast cancer [28]. Due to the efficiency of CHL in cancer treatment, CHL has been used as a drug model in order to evaluate our formulated NPs. Therefore, in this study, we propose to develop a carrier

Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of linear magnetosome chains

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.15

• resonance peak is actually calculated, whereas the shape of the resonance curve is assumed to be Lorentzian or Gaussian, the width of the curve being an adjustable parameter. Obviously, based on such a simplified model, it is practically impossible to obtain information about the internal geometry of the