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Search for "steel" in Full Text gives 213 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

  • Sharali Malik,
  • Felicite M. Ruddock,
  • Adam H. Dowling,
  • Kevin Byrne,
  • Wolfgang Schmitt,
  • Ivan Khalakhan,
  • Yoshihiro Nemoto,
  • Hongxuan Guo,
  • Lok Kumar Shrestha,
  • Katsuhiko Ariga and
  • Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

Graphical Abstract
  • was hand-mixed with all the poly(acrylic acid) solution for 20 s using a stainless steel spatula, and then the remaining GI powder was added and mixed for a further 20 s. Dynamic viscosity measurements The viscosity of all the poly(acrylic acid) solutions was measured with a digital viscometer
  • covered with an acetate strip and aligned using nylon wedges and a locating pin. The hand-mixed GI restorative plastic mass was applied to one side of the split-mould immediately after mixing using the stainless steel spatula and allowed to flow into the mould to minimise air bubble incorporation in the
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Published 05 Mar 2018

Combined pulsed laser deposition and non-contact atomic force microscopy system for studies of insulator metal oxide thin films

  • Daiki Katsube,
  • Hayato Yamashita,
  • Satoshi Abo and
  • Masayuki Abe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 686–692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.63

Graphical Abstract
  • ]. The substrate is fixed with four screws and leaf springs on the ceramic part of the sample holder. Stainless steel electrodes under the ceramic are used as connections for flowing a current through the tungsten thin film. The electrode for the flowing current is insulated from the base of the stocker
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Published 21 Feb 2018

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS2 nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

  • Maryam Barzegar,
  • Masoud Berahman and
  • Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

Graphical Abstract
  • water followed by rapid stirring for about 30 min. Subsequently, the mixture was transferred into a 50 mL teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and maintained at 200 °C for 24 h. After cooling naturally, the black MoS2 product was collected by filtration, washed with distilled water and pure ethanol
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Published 16 Feb 2018

Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid–TiO2 structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase

  • Anna Gołąbiewska,
  • Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
  • Aleksandra Sadzińska,
  • Wojciech Lisowski,
  • Ewelina Grabowska,
  • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
  • Justyna Łuczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 580–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.54

Graphical Abstract
  • was transferred to a 200 mL teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and the solvothermal reaction was performed at 180 °C for 24 h [28]. The reaction product was washed with ethanol and deionized water, respectively, followed by drying at 60 °C for 6 h. The obtained powder was calcinated at 200 °C for
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Published 14 Feb 2018

Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy

  • Sujit Kumar Dora,
  • Kerstin Koch,
  • Wilhelm Barthlott and
  • Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45

Graphical Abstract
  • chloroform takes ≈30 seconds to evaporate from the surface leaving the wax attached to the substrate. The HOPG substrate was then fixed to the stainless steel AFM base plate using a metal clip, so that the first image acquisition started typically 8–10 minutes after application of the wax solution, i.e
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Published 07 Feb 2018

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO2

  • Patrycja Parnicka,
  • Paweł Mazierski,
  • Tomasz Grzyb,
  • Wojciech Lisowski,
  • Ewa Kowalska,
  • Bunsho Ohtani,
  • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
  • Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

Graphical Abstract
  • stainless steel reactor with the working volume of about 35 mL equipped with a quartz window, two valves and a septum. An array of five LEDs (λmax = 415 nm) was used as an irradiation source. A glass plate covered by Nd-modified TiO2 was placed at the bottom side of the reactor followed by closing the
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Published 06 Feb 2018

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

  • Lan Ching Sim,
  • Jing Lin Wong,
  • Chen Hong Hak,
  • Jun Yan Tai,
  • Kah Hon Leong and
  • Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

Graphical Abstract
  • -workers [6]. To prepare the CD solution, 40 mL of sugarcane juice was mixed with 30 mL ethanol and stirred for 10 min to ensure homogeneity. The mixture was then transferred to a 80 mL teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave and closed up tightly. It was dried in oven at 120 °C for 8 h with a heating rate
  • solution and then stirred for 24 h using a hot plate magnetic stirrer under room temperature. After the solution mixed homogeneously, it was placed into teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave and heated at 100 °C for 2 h. It was then centrifuged to remove excessive CDs. The samples were then dried
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Published 30 Jan 2018

The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion

  • Stefan Fringes,
  • Felix Holzner and
  • Armin W. Knoll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 301–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.30

Graphical Abstract
  • glass and the sample are both glued to steel plates (black). Magnets (red) in the aluminum holders (green) fix the position of the steel plates. Three adjustment screws are used to align the tilt of the cover glass with respect to the focal plane of the objective. Parallelization of the substrate to the
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Published 26 Jan 2018

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

  • Ruiyuan Zhuang,
  • Shanshan Yao,
  • Maoxiang Jing,
  • Xiangqian Shen,
  • Jun Xiang,
  • Tianbao Li,
  • Kesong Xiao and
  • Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

Graphical Abstract
  • vigorously stirred for 24 h at room temperature to form a sol–gel solution for further electrospinning. The solution was then loaded into 10 mL plastic syringes equipped with a 9-gauge stainless steel needle. A high voltage power supply was used to provide a voltage of 15 kV to the needle tips and the
  • of 1:1. The resulting S/MoO2–CNF composites were gradually dried in air for 6 h then heated to 155 °C for 6 h in a sealed 25 mL teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave. After cooling down to room temperature, S/MoO2–CNF composites were obtained. Next, the as-prepared S/MoO2–CNF composites were mixed
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Published 24 Jan 2018

Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam

  • Luisa Berger,
  • Katarzyna Madajska,
  • Iwona B. Szymanska,
  • Katja Höflich,
  • Mikhail N. Polyakov,
  • Jakub Jurczyk,
  • Carlos Guerra-Nuñez and
  • Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 224–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.24

Graphical Abstract
  • mode of the Hitachi S3600 software was used. The precursor was introduced into the chamber via a homebuilt gas injection system (GIS). The GIS was made of chemically inert stainless steel and designed to minimize the molecule path lengths. Instead of a capillary, a large GIS-opening of 3 mm inner
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Published 19 Jan 2018

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

  • Stefanie Krüger,
  • Michael Schwarze,
  • Otto Baumann,
  • Christina Günter,
  • Michael Bruns,
  • Christian Kübel,
  • Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
  • Rafael Meinusch,
  • Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
  • Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

Graphical Abstract
  • showed the same behavior and the deviations between the individual measurements were below 1%. Elemental analysis (EA) for C, H, and N was performed on a Vario EL III (elementar). Photocatalysis experiments were done in a planar photoreactor with defined geometry consisting of a stainless steel housing
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Published 17 Jan 2018

Electron-driven and thermal chemistry during water-assisted purification of platinum nanomaterials generated by electron beam induced deposition

  • Ziyan Warneke,
  • Markus Rohdenburg,
  • Jonas Warneke,
  • Janina Kopyra and
  • Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 77–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.10

Graphical Abstract
  • calibrated volume where the absolute pressure is measured with a capacitance manometer. For each film deposition, a calibrated amount of vapour was leaked via a stainless steel capillary opening onto the metal substrate. Experiments on methylcyclopentadiene (MeCpH) were performed on a polycrystalline Au
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Published 08 Jan 2018

The rational design of a Au(I) precursor for focused electron beam induced deposition

  • Ali Marashdeh,
  • Thiadrik Tiesma,
  • Niels J. C. van Velzen,
  • Sjoerd Harder,
  • Remco W. A. Havenith,
  • Jeff T. M. De Hosson and
  • Willem F. van Dorp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2753–2765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.274

Graphical Abstract
  • = 8.5 Hz, 3H, AuCH3), 0.60 (d, 2JHP = 8.7 Hz, 6H, PCH3); 31P NMR (162 MHz, C6D6, 25 °C) δ 11.4 (m, 2JHP = 8.7 Hz, PMe3). These values correspond to values published earlier [84][85]. The compound was stored at 243 K in a dry N2 atmosphere and loaded into vacuum reservoirs, either a stainless steel
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Published 20 Dec 2017

CdSe nanorod/TiO2 nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

  • Fakher Laatar,
  • Hatem Moussa,
  • Halima Alem,
  • Lavinia Balan,
  • Emilien Girot,
  • Ghouti Medjahdi,
  • Hatem Ezzaouia and
  • Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

Graphical Abstract
  • 30 min at room temperature to ensure complete dissolution of precursors. Next, the solution was transferred to a teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave with 100 mL capacity and heated to 180 °C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the CdSe NRs were recovered by centrifugation (4000 rpm for 15
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Published 19 Dec 2017

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

  • Liane S. Slaughter,
  • Kevin M. Cheung,
  • Sami Kaappa,
  • Huan H. Cao,
  • Qing Yang,
  • Thomas D. Young,
  • Andrew C. Serino,
  • Sami Malola,
  • Jana M. Olson,
  • Stephan Link,
  • Hannu Häkkinen,
  • Anne M. Andrews and
  • Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

Graphical Abstract
  • of PDMS was placed on each glass slide, which was then placed gently on top of the PDMS. The “sandwiches” were cured on a hot plate at 110 °C under a 4.5 kg steel-brick weight. After 10 min, the heat was turned off while the “sandwiches” remained under the weight overnight. Patterning flat poly
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Published 08 Dec 2017

Fabrication of CeO2–MOx (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

  • Ling Liu,
  • Jingjing Shi,
  • Hongxia Cao,
  • Ruiyu Wang and
  • Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

Graphical Abstract
  • solution. The resultant mixture was placed to a 50 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and maintained at 100 °C for 10 h. After cooling to room temperature, the Ce-CPCSs were collected by centrifugation, washed with ethanol three times and oven-dried at 60 °C. The CeO2 yolk–shell nanospheres were
  • mg of the as-prepared CeO2 was dispersed into the above clear solutions under ultrasonification. Subsequently, the resultant homogeneous slurry was placed in a 25 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and maintained at 120 °C for 12 h. Finally, the products were harvested by centrifugation and
  • silica sand was loaded into a stainless steel tube. A gas mixture of CO/O2/N2 (1:10:89) with a total flow rate of 50 mL/min flowed through the reactor, equivalent to a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 60000 mL·g−1·h−1. The composition of the gas exiting from the reactor was monitored with an online
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Published 16 Nov 2017

Electron beam induced deposition of silacyclohexane and dichlorosilacyclohexane: the role of dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment in the deposition process

  • Ragesh Kumar T P,
  • Sangeetha Hari,
  • Krishna K Damodaran,
  • Oddur Ingólfsson and
  • Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2376–2388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.237

Graphical Abstract
  • the SEM specimen chamber using a custom-built inlet system consisting of a stainless steel container with the precursor molecules and a leak valve. With the leak valve the pressure of the precursor molecules in the chamber could be precisely controlled. The precursor dichlorosilacyclohexane (DCSCH
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Published 10 Nov 2017

In situ controlled rapid growth of novel high activity TiB2/(TiB2–TiN) hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites

  • Jilin Wang,
  • Hejie Liao,
  • Yuchun Ji,
  • Fei Long,
  • Yunle Gu,
  • Zhengguang Zou,
  • Weimin Wang and
  • Zhengyi Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2116–2125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.211

Graphical Abstract
  • , KBH4 and NH4NO3 were of analytical grade and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China without further treatment. In a typical procedure, TiO2, Mg and B2O3 were milled for 2 h by a planet-type ball mill (the weight rate between stainless steel ball and mixture powders was 30:1
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Published 10 Oct 2017

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

  • Colin K. Curtis,
  • Antonin Marek,
  • Alex I. Smirnov and
  • Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

Graphical Abstract
  • the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively (hydroxylated) or negatively (carboxylated) charged nanodiamonds (ND). Immersion in −ND suspensions resulted in a decrease in the macroscopic friction coefficients
  • to values in the range 0.05–0.1 for both stainless steel and alumina, while +ND suspensions yielded an increase in friction for stainless steel contacts but little to no increase for alumina contacts. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy
  • (SEM) measurements were employed to assess nanoparticle uptake, surface polishing, and resistance to solid–liquid interfacial shear motion. The QCM studies revealed abrupt changes to the surfaces of both alumina and stainless steel upon injection of –ND into the surrounding water environment that are
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Published 29 Sep 2017

Systematic control of α-Fe2O3 crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

  • Nan Shen,
  • Miriam Keppeler,
  • Barbara Stiaszny,
  • Holger Hain,
  • Filippo Maglia and
  • Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

Graphical Abstract
  • to a 100 mL autoclave with teflon-lined stainless steel for hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 16 h. The product was allowed to naturally cool down to room temperature after reaction and collected by centrifugation with deionized water and ethanol. The sample was dried overnight at 60 °C, and a red
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Published 28 Sep 2017

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids used as additives in the nanolubrication of silicon surfaces

  • Patrícia M. Amorim,
  • Ana M. Ferraria,
  • Rogério Colaço,
  • Luís C. Branco and
  • Benilde Saramago

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1961–1971, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.197

Graphical Abstract
  • . Although the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as additives to base oils in the lubrication of steel/steel or other types of metal/ metal tribological pairs has been investigated, the number of studies involving Si is very low. In this work, we tested imidazolium-based ILs as additives to the base oil
  • of ceramics. Other investigators followed this idea and added imidazolium-based ILs to base oils to lubricate steel/aluminum contacts [5][6][7] and steel/steel contacts [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Jiménez and Bermúdez [7] tested two ILs with the short alkyl chain imidazolium cation [EMIM], and the anions
  • imidazolium-based cations and the anions [BF4], hexafluorophosphate [PF6] and [NTf2] as additives to PEG and polyurea grease in the lubrication of steel/steel pairs, at room temperature and high temperatures. Recently, Pejaković et al. [14] tested several imidazolium sulfate ILs and found significant
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Published 20 Sep 2017

Evaluation of preparation methods for suspended nano-objects on substrates for dimensional measurements by atomic force microscopy

  • Petra Fiala,
  • Daniel Göhler,
  • Benno Wessely,
  • Michael Stintz,
  • Giovanni Mattia Lazzerini and
  • Andrew Yacoot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1774–1785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.179

Graphical Abstract
  • preparation methods in which all of precipitated particles are deposited on the substrate, so the estimation is relevant for membrane filtration (if particle size > pore size) and droplet drying. Membrane filtration: The membranes were fixed and flowed off in a filter element (stainless steel 316, diameter 13
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Published 28 Aug 2017

Nanotribological behavior of deep cryogenically treated martensitic stainless steel

  • Germán Prieto,
  • Konstantinos D. Bakoglidis,
  • Walter R. Tuckart and
  • Esteban Broitman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1760–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.177

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  • , SE581 83 Linköping, Sweden 10.3762/bjnano.8.177 Abstract Cryogenic treatments are increasingly used to improve the wear resistance of various steel alloys by means of transformation of retained austenite, deformation of virgin martensite and carbide refinement. In this work the nanotribological
  • behavior and mechanical properties at the nano-scale of cryogenically and conventionally treated AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel were evaluated. Conventionally treated specimens were subjected to quenching and annealing, while the deep cryogenically treated samples were quenched, soaked in liquid
  • cryogenic treatments increased both hardness and elastic limit of a low-carbon martensitic stainless steel, while its tribological performance was enhanced marginally. Keywords: carbide refinement; cryogenic treatments; friction; nanoindentation; nanoscratch; wear-resistance improvement; Introduction AISI
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Published 25 Aug 2017

Surface functionalization of 3D-printed plastics via initiated chemical vapor deposition

  • Christine Cheng and
  • Malancha Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1629–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.162

Graphical Abstract
  • ). Monomers were loaded into stainless steel jars and subsequently attached to the reactor chamber. To achieve appropriate monomer vapor pressure, PFDA was heated to 60 °C or 50 °C (for S1-S3, F1-F2, H1-H2), HEMA was heated to 50 °C, and EGDA was heated to 35 °C. TBPO was kept at room temperature of 25 °C and
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Published 08 Aug 2017

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

  • Maria C. Cringoli,
  • Slavko Kralj,
  • Marina Kurbasic,
  • Massimo Urban and
  • Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

Graphical Abstract
  • dynamic time sweep rheological analysis was conducted on a Malvern Kinexus Ultra Plus rheometer with a 20 mm stainless steel parallel plate geometry. The temperature was maintained at 25 °C using a Peltier temperature controller. The samples were prepared in situ and immediately analyzed with a gap of
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Published 01 Aug 2017
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