Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• experiments. Although this introduces an additional integral gain parameter to adjust, it allows for individual tuning of gain values, providing more flexibility. It would be possible to use only one integral gain, linking the second one by the ratio of the two time constants. In the current implementation of

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• correct hPAAO values. The onset of the stable thickness capture mode coincided with the beginning of the plateau observed in the anodization current kinetics curve (Figure 3a), which corresponds to the steady-state growth of PAAO [7]. While the primary focus of this study is on producing sub-wavelength

• works [21]. However, for short anodization times (thin PAAO films, hPAAO < 300 nm) the relationship may no longer be linear, and the current kinetic curves may exhibit variability among different samples [10]. To confirm the accuracy of the thickness measurements and assess the consistency of the PAAO

• electrolyte [34][35] after prolonged anodization times. However, during the first 2–3 min the barrier layer thickness can vary substantially [36], potentially attributed to changes of current density [35] and local temperature [19]. Furthermore, the barrier layer is not flat and contains some amount of

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• )) on Raphanus sativus (radish) with respect to seedling growth and two plant metabolites, serves as the foundational bedrock upon which the current study was built [19]. The insights and discoveries obtained from our earlier research, where a concentration of 10,000 mg/L of raw HANPs had no toxic

• work of Mr. N.H. Madanayake, NMA and NS on the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus seedling growth and plant metabolites has influenced the current study. The graphics of the graphical abstract were created using the software IbisPaintX and designed by Adobe Illustrator. This

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• conduction paths, as manifested by a higher yield of catalyst particles. The potential required to drive a 10 mA/cm2 OER current density using the hydrogel with a higher amount of conductive particles compared to catalyst particles (MCO/cCB equal 1:7.5) is 1.73 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE

• overpotentials at the standard current density value of 10 mA/cm2. Also, hydrogel samples with conductive carbon particles in their three-dimensional structure (Hgel-cCB 3x, Hgel-cCB 6x) and without MCO catalyst particles, showed almost flat polarization curves, which made it impossible to determine the

• )porphyrin hydrogel) and PPy/FeTCPP/Co catalyst at 10 mA/cm2 current density, and in 0.1 M KOH, were 1.74 and 1.61 versus RHE, respectively (the catalyst loading equals to 0.3 mg/cm2) [55]. The analysis of , , and hydrogel catalysts in 1 M KOH for the OER process showed that the overpotential at a current

Josephson dynamics and Shapiro steps at high transmissions: current bias regime

• Artem V. Galaktionov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 51–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.5

• transparent superconducting nanojunctions at subgap voltages and temperatures. In this limit, intrinsic dissipation in such junctions turns out to be sub-Ohmic, which yields a linear dependence of the average voltage on the bias current I slightly exceeding the critical one Ic. We demonstrate a strong impact

• junctions is the presence of coherent current oscillations with the fundamental frequency ωJ = 2 eV/ℏ, where V is the voltage applied to the junction and −e is the electron charge. Under the influence of external microwave radiation with frequency ω, current jumps appear on the junction I–V curve, which are

• , equivalently, ω = (k/n)ωJ, where k and n are positive integer numbers. The values k ≥ 2 correspond to the presence of higher harmonics of the Josephson current emerging because of a possibly non-sinusoidal current–phase relation, whereas the numbers n ≥ 2 account for multiphoton processes, which may become non

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• (UPE), 50100-130, Recife, PE, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.15.4 Abstract Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that has affected more than 350 million people worldwide and can manifest itself in three different forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral. Furthermore, the current treatment options

• disease continues to be of utmost importance [9]. Current studies have highlighted curcumin as a promising antiparasitic alternative [10]. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a yellow polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, popularly known as turmeric [11][12][13]. This molecule presents a

• [116][117]. Current studies have directed the use of metallic nanoparticles such as silver and gold nanoparticles against Leishmania sp. [118]. As silver and gold nanoparticles can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Leishmania is known to be extremely sensitive to these compounds, these have

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• measured with YBCO Josephson Junction oscillators show narrow peaks at 205 GHz for the 210 GHz array and at 225 GHz for the 240 GHz array; the separation of these two frequency bands is clearly visible. The noise equivalent power level at an operating point in the current bias mode is 5 × 10−16 W/√Hz

• channels, one main channel at 145 GHz with 30% bandwidth, and two auxiliary channels at 210 GHz with 20% bandwidth and at 240 GHz with 10% bandwidth [3]. It is planned that multimodal TESs with spider-web antennas will be used as detecting elements in the current implementation of this project [8]. These

• of numerical simulation. The aim of the optimization was to bring the absorption bandwidth in line with the current requirements for the LSPE receiving system. According to these requirements, the width of the absorption line should be 20% of the operating frequency for the 210 GHz channel and 10% of

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• Technological Innovation Laboratory - Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Institute, R. Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.15.2 Abstract Schistosomiasis causes over 200,000 deaths annually. The current treatment option, praziquantel, presents limitations, including low

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• yielded deposits with high gold content, ranging from 45 to 61 atom % depending on the beam current and on the cleanliness of the substrates surface. Keywords: dissociative electron attachment; dissociative ionization; focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID); gold deposit; low-energy electrons

• electron beam energy and current, the substrate material, the environment inside the deposition chamber, and the composition of the precursor [14][15][16][17]. Heretofore, various chemical vapor deposition (CVD) precursors have been applied for FEBID depositions. For gold nanostructures, these include, for

• by the quantum chemical calculations. However, in one specific channel in the DI gas-phase study, a significant retention of the phosphorous at the gold precursor was found indicating significant surface effects. In the current study, we extended this approach to investigate the deposition of Au

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• contacting of molecular layers between a metal surface and a locally probing electrode. In early studies using this approach, the layers were contacted by a mercury droplet at the end of an electrode, which was then placed on top of the SAM [5][6][7]. Applying a voltage and, therefore, a current to the

• applied method uses conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM). In this technique, a conductive probe is used in an AFM, which allows for imaging the surface topography (and other characteristics such as adhesion and stiffness) with lateral resolution while simultaneously being able to measure current

• of current characteristics strongly depends on the substrate chosen to deposit the SAM onto. For this study, we employ alkane thiols, which are allowed to form a SAM on different types of Au substrates. We have chosen dodecanethiol (DDT) molecules and study them on commercially available Au

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• resistances at the nanoscale has attracted recent attention for developing microelectronic components, memory devices, molecular electronics, and two-dimensional materials. Despite the decisive contribution of scanning probe microscopy in imaging resistance and current variations, measurements have remained

• encompassing the tip, the current sensing device, and the system controller. Furthermore, we show that our developed resistance reference enables the calibration of C-AFM with a combined relative uncertainty (given at one standard deviation) lower than 2.5% over an extended range from 10 kΩ to 100 GΩ and lower

• electrical quantities (i.e., current and resistance) at the nanoscale. In C-AFM, a micro-machined conductive probe with a sharp nanometer-sized tip acts as a top electrode brought into contact with the surface of a sample while applying a potential difference relative to a back electrode. The small currents

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• ][30][31][32]. Furthermore, a natural extension of current progress would be the use of “quantum” degrees of freedom for adiabatic superconducting circuits, which share many similarities with qubits in terms of their representation of information via magnetic flux. From a formal point of view, the

• by the second term in Equation 1, wherein the effective coordinate is a phase of the Josephson junction, φ. The quantities Ec = and EJ = are the capacitive and the Josephson energy, respectively, determined by critical current Ic and the capacity C of the Josephson junction. A typical example of

• ⟩ = bφin(t) − a⟨φ⟩ is the mean value of the current operator on the Josephson junction when the external flux changes relative to the mean phase of the contact ⟨φ⟩ = ⟨ψ(t)|φ|ψ(t)⟩. As shown in Figure 4a, the transfer characteristic of the parametron has a sigmoidal dependence. It is worth noting that this

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• yields a measurement of the Fourier spectrum of the time-periodic surface potential, which may be in principle used to reconstruct the signal in the time domain. However, in the current version of our implementation, this retro-conversion process from the frequency domain will only provide data that are

• measurement of C''z by employing a complementary demodulation scheme. For that purpose, one would need to reject at the second eigenmode another set of sidebands (ω0 ± 2ωac). This point – beyond the scope of the current study – will be the subject of a forthcoming work. In the remainder of this article, for

• equilibrium once a light pulse has been applied to the sample. This supports the idea that, even if we cannot rule out the possibility of a better fit, neglecting in a first step the photocharging dynamics remains (in the current case) a reasonable approximation. Last, we also note that the pp-KPFM data once

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• 6000, Bulgaria 10.3762/bjnano.14.85 Abstract Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) as blood substitutes are one of the great hopes of modern transfusion and emergency medicine. After the major safety-relevant challenges of the last decades seem to be largely overcome, current developments have in

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• relations under reverse and bias voltages, indicating a good ohmic contact between semiconductor materials and Ag electrodes [42]. It is worth noting that the current rise corresponds to the light intensity increase. The highest photocurrent reached 18 μA under a light illumination of 1.28 mW·cm−2. The low

• dark current can be explained by the formation of a depletion region near the surface of the ZnO NRs resulting from oxygen absorption [43] and at p-type CuO NPs/n-type ZnO NRs heterojunctions under dark conditions. In addition, the recovery current obtained 1 min after turning off the visible light is

• 0.7 μA, approximately the dark current, which shows the excellent recovery ability of the device. The time-dependent photoresponse at a constant bias of 2 V under 30 s illumination with 395 nm light at different intensities is presented in Figure 3b. When the light is turned on, the photocurrent

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• voltage and current of 16 kV and 3.3 nA, respectively. After FIB notching, specimens were mounted onto magnetic discs with double-sided tape as shown (Figure 1c) for AFM characterization [9]. The internal fiber surfaces produced by FIB notching closely match corresponding surfaces obtained using other

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• nanomaterials; it also influences the capillary movement of nanoparticles inside the nitrocellulose membrane pores. Herein, we discuss the current development of photothermal nanomaterials regarding the application in LFAs. As an introduction, we discuss the classification of different photothermal

• nanomaterials, including noble metal nanomaterials, semiconductor nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials, and polymeric nanomaterials. Then, we review the unique nanoscale architecture of nanomaterials responsible for their photothermal properties. Finally, we explore the current status of photothermal LFA

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• Nneutral are the number of colliding electrons (intensity of the electron current) and the density of the neutral precursor targets, respectively, L is the collision length, and σion is the cross section for the ion production. The experimental estimate of NCoL2−/NMnL2− from Figure 1 is around 15. This

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• different kinetic diameters of gas molecules. Herein, we present a comprehensive examination of the current scientific literature pertaining to the utilization of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanomaterials in the context of CO2 storage and conversion. This account focuses on the introduction of MOFs

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• -temperature ALD; PEALD; plasma-enhanced ALD; XPS; Introduction The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of cobalt films is an ongoing topic of interest [1]. Cobalt thin and ultrathin films play an important role in current generations of integrated circuits [2]. Compared to copper, the metal offers a greater

• resistance to electromigration and lowers the tendency to undergo diffusion, giving a higher stability in environments involving both elevated temperature and high current densities [1][3]. In current technology nodes with device dimensions below 10 nm, electron scattering becomes the dominant factor in

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• metals, upon release and emission, may interact with different environmental components, which may lead to co-exposure to living organisms. Nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) can adsorb heavy metals. The current idea is that nanoparticles (NPs) may act as carriers and facilitate the entry of heavy

• considerably high exposure TiO2 NPs may enter the food chain. Because of current industrialization processes, organisms are also exposed to heavy metal pollutants [7]. Emitted NPs may interact with the pollutants, and this may subsequently lead to bioaccumulation. The contamination of water and soil with heavy

• features from the developed ML models. Comparison of the current work with the previous study. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 46: Detailed information regarding heavy metals at different concentrations. Funding This study was funded by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• -conjugated NPs. In this review, recent studies regarding effects of the protein corona and the theranostic application of ACNPs are highlighted to provide an update of the current research for cancer treatment. Review Antibodies Antibodies are Y-shaped glycoproteins produced by B-lymphocytes. These react

• trials yet. It is still very important that researchers understand better the chemistry between NPs and antibodies to develop improved ACNPs. Current knowledge of targeted delivery, tumor vasculature, and interactions of ACNPs in the human body is very limited and, hence, results in failure in clinical

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• presented. Finally, we present the potential pathways and current problems in progressing MOF-based nanomaterials for CO2 conversion. Review Mechanism of CO2RR The process of CO2 reduction consists of three steps. First, the CO2 molecules are adsorbed on the active sites of catalysts. Second, charge

• -PMOF, and Zn-PMOF (P: polyoxometalate) for CO2 conversion. Co-PMOF displayed the highest catalytic activity for CO2RR among the investigated MOFs, as illustrated in Figure 3a,b. Moreover, this catalyst also showed remarkable durability, with the current density remaining stable after 35 h of testing

• Cu-MOFs for CO2 reduction [47]. The study revealed that HKUST-1 showed the highest performance with a FE of 15.9% at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 for methanol and ethanol formation. In particular, FE(methanol) is 5.6% and FE(ethanol) is 10.3%. This result can be explained by two reasons. On the

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• current drugs used to treat the disease. The synthesized SPIONs showed promising activity against Leishmania and can be considered a strong candidate for a new therapeutic approach for treating leishmaniases. Keywords: coconut water; Leishmaniasis; Leishmania amazonensis; nanomedicine; SPIONs

• for L. amazonensis intracellular amastigotes (Table 1), presenting values significantly higher when compared with other compounds and drugs used to treat Leishmania sp. (Table 2) [22][23][24][25][26][27]. These data indicate a high selectivity index for SPIONs compared with current treatments

• because of its intrinsic properties, (2) a treatment agent associated with heating through alternating current magnetic fields, and (3) a drug carrier. Finally, SPIONs can be considered a strong candidate for a new therapeutic approach to treating cutaneous leishmaniasis, that is, an accessible and low

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• hydrogen atoms of n-dodecane with a trans zigzag conformation are located near the centers of the six-membered rings of C96H24, and the molecule is oriented along one of the lattice directions of C96H24, indicated by the blue arrows. In STM imaging, changes in bias voltage (V) and tunneling current (I