A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• utilising the findings to develop components of neuromorphic co-processors that collaborate with quantum computing systems. We will refer to the corresponding cell (a single-contact interferometer shunted by an inductance as depicted in Figure 1) further in the text as the “parametron”. Model of the

• adiabatic energy levels at anticrossing τLZ. The estimates obtained in the framework of the two-level model are in good agreement with the numerical calculations (solid lines in Figure 2a,b) of the Schrödinger time-dependent equation by the Crank–Nicolson method [46] based on the Magnus decomposition for

• excited state, as shown in Figure 2a. It can be assumed that the characteristic duration of the “NOT” operation will be of the same order of magnitude for the “flux control” of the tuning circuit cell used as an auxiliary qubit. A Model for Dissipative Effects in the Bifunctional Cell Another important

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• results show that the Au-fcc borders the Ge(001) surface, whereas a preferred hcp crystal orientation is when the Au(010) plane, or Au() in the Miller–Bravais notation, is parallel to the Ge(111) plane. An atomistic model of the planar interface between Au-fcc and Ge(001) was also proposed. First

• separation. Their values can be obtained from DFT calculations of the total energies of appropriate systems modeling the heterostructure as well as the bulk crystals and slabs with a vacuum layer. The methodology details (from choosing the interface model up to the optimization methods) differ between

• ) grid for crystallographic cells of bulk crystal to a (4,4,4) grid for larger superlattices that model the Au-fcc(011)/Ge(001) and Au-hcp(010)/Ge(111) heterostructures. The slabs with vacuum were calculated using (8,8,2) or (4,4,2) k-points grids depending on the size of the cross section. A vacuum

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• ZSX Version 5.55 was used to measure the elemental composition of films. A spectroscopic ellipsometer, model GES5-E, was used for the measurements of film thicknesses and refractive indices. Ellipsometric data was modelled using the Cauchy dispersion model. The crystal structure was evaluated by

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• dynamics in the mathematical model used to describe the SPV dynamics. A first approach consists in checking what the dynamics of the SPV are from the perspective of another technique. To that end, we performed a series of complementary spectroscopic measurements (single data points at selected locations on

• areas also showed a positive SPV [4]. Although the following model remains tentative, the picture that seems to emerge is that the BHJs investigated in this work feature nanophase-segregated networks with a higher concentration of the electron-donor polymer (accounting for the positive SPV), and/or a

• -KPFM, thanks to the signal enhancement provided by the second eigenmode, can image weak SPV signals that would otherwise be barely detectable. To illustrate the capabilities of DHe-KPFM in terms of high sensitivity, we have chosen as a model system an optoelectronic interface that can be obtained by

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• ) with a diameter between 0.4 and 2.1 µm demonstrate this relationship, as Figure 6 and Figure 7 illustrate (incubation of heparin blood with 2 × 108 MP/mL) [41]. Champion et al. researched this relationship in a model as well [42]. Test particles (polystyrene microspheres) with diameters in the range of

• that Hb is not necessarily the key factor that triggers uptake into cells and, in any case, CD163 does not appear to be the single key protein for this either. Xiong et al. observed agglomeration of HBOCs in the liver of a rat model after intravenous injection of a HBOC solution, which became visible

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• 2017 to determine the impact of GNP size on LFA performance [25]. They compared three different sizes of GNPs (30, 60, and 100 nm) in order to determine both the colorimetric and photothermal effect on the LFA membrane (Figure 7A). The group considered C-reactive protein as a model antigen, and the

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• a Sentech SE850 ellipsometer of Sentech Instruments GmbH under the same angle of incidence. A map of 50 measurement points with a spiral pattern was used to determine the film thickness distribution. Both systems used the same model for thickness determination, namely a Drude–Lorentzian model for

• metallic cobalt according to Ward [24] combined with a Tauc–Lorentzian model for possible occurrences of oxidised cobalt [25][26]. The film compositions were measured ex situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on a PRECAV sp. Z. o. o. XPS system using a MX-650 Al X-ray source and a R3000 analyser

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• algorithms and is divided into bagging and boosting algorithms. The boosting algorithm is an iterative algorithm that uses a weak model to build a strong model. Both bagging and boosting improve the prediction accuracy of weaker learners. A boosting algorithm combines many models linearly, with each new

• model depending on the previous one. In the bagging algorithm, replica data sets are generated that minimize prediction variance in machine learning. An iterative algorithm performs a series of repeated steps to gradually improve the model’s performance or to optimize a specific parameter. The

• algorithms continue to update the model’s parameters based on the training data until a certain stopping criterion is met, such as reaching an optimal solution, or a predefined number of steps are completed. This process is performed during the training of the model, where the model learns from the data by

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• of the structural features of the scale-up samples determined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, the used model, and the corresponding fits can be found in Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S9 and Table S3). Thermal decomposition in both inert (nitrogen) and

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• standard model for cutaneous leishmaniasis. The parasites were maintained according to previously published protocols [22]. Prussian blue staining For staining with Prussian blue (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), promastigote and intracellular amastigotes were treated with 100 µg/mL of SPIONs for 24 h. The

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• on HOPG has been reported in some cases [44][45][46], but the flat-on orientation is more favorable [47][48][49]. For an example of the flat-on orientation, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the optimized geometry of n-dodecane adsorbed onto C96H24 as a HOPG model (Figure 2a). The

• , thus disabling STM observation [58]. Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations offered quantitative information on the interactions between n-perfluoroalkanes and circumcoronene (HOPG model) [47]. Compared to the n-alkyl chains, several disadvantages of the n-perfluoroalkyl chains can be suggested for the

• using functional organic molecules, based on the concept of nanoarchitectonics. Intermolecular interactions related to the formation of 2D assemblies at the solid/liquid interface. (a) DFT-optimized geometry of n-dodecane adsorbed on C96H24 as a HOPG model. The carbon and hydrogen atoms of adsorbed n

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• structure was quantitatively described with confocal laser scanning microscopy and a surface analysis software. The data show a polar development of cuticular ridges and a basipetal ridge progression during leaf ontogeny. Traction experiments with Colorado potato beetles as model species showed low walking

• nanofibres do not stick. The authors use the geometry of the spider system to develop an elegant mathematical model of the interaction between the fibres and the surface. They then test their predictions using a structured metal mimic of the spider legs. They find that for some metals, in which they were

• able to generate surface geometries that corresponded to the boundary conditions of their model, the peel-off force is lower over the structured surface than over a polished one. Their understanding of the relationship between the surface structure and the peel-off force will now make it possible to

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• -energy ion beams are hard to obtain experimentally, such beams are easy to model in simulations. In this paper, by studying the differences between higher (500 eV) and lower (50 eV) impact energies, we will show the differences in the amorphization processes. As expected, higher energies increase

• previous article [26]. To summarize, they are composed of a set of two interatomic potentials. One is the reactive force field (ReaxFF) [29] designed to compute the bonds between silicon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms, as well as to compute the distribution of partial charges to model the formation and

• breaking of bonds in the sample. The second one is the Morse potential [32] used to model the interactions of the argon particles with other species. Since argon atoms interact only very weakly with the sample atoms, a simple Morse potential is enough to describe these interactions. ReaxFF potentials are

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• sensor, and a visual heart sound acquisition and classification system was designed using LabVIEW. A heart sound classification model was trained based on a fine K-nearest neighbor classification algorithm to predict whether the collected heart sounds are normal or abnormal. The heart sound detection

• neural network, and hidden Markov model-based and clustering-based methods. For example, Zheng et al. successfully implemented computer-aided diagnosis of chronic heart failure using a least squares SVM [17]. In this paper, to enable real-time monitoring and early detection of cardiovascular diseases, a

• preprocessed heart sound signals using MATLAB scripts. Finally, a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) heart sound classification model was trained and used to predict whether a heart sound is normal or abnormal, with the prediction result displayed. Experimental Preparation of films by high-voltage electrospinning In

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• release is higher than that of similar systems previously reported [21]. The in vitro release data were fitted to different mathematical models. The model that best adjusted the data was the Korsmeyer–Peppas model followed by a first-order model (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1). The Korsmeyer

• –Peppas model, also called power law, was initially used to describe drug release in polymeric systems where the two predominant mechanisms were relaxation of the polymer chains and diffusion. In this model (Equation 2), Mt/M∞ is the fraction dissolved, K is a constant that incorporates structural and

• maximal accumulated release above 74% during 24 h. The release profile was adequately fitted to the Korsmeyer–Peppas model with an estimated release exponent of 0.56, suggesting a mixed mechanism of release with a dominant Fickian behavior. In vitro experiments on T. cruzi trypomastigotes and amastigotes

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• microfluidic device is illustrated in Scheme S1 (Supporting Information File 1). The 3D model of the microfluidic device mold was designed using Solidworks Professional 2022 SP3.1 software and printed on a Formslab 3 SLA 3D printer (Formlabs Inc., Somerville, MA, USA) using Clear V4 resin. The mold was post

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• conductivity of the additional carbon matrix, indicating the decrease in charge transfer resistance of the composite electrodes. The EIS results were fitted using an equivalent circuit model, including an internal or electrolyte resistance (Re), a charge transfer resistance (Rct), and two constant phase

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• arrangement and grow vertically from the substrate [20]. Said growth model is similar to the mechanism proposed by Baker and co-workers [21][22][23]. At elevated temperatures, catalytic particles are formed on the substrate surface, and hydrocarbon molecules that undergo cracking in the flame diffuse to the

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• KELSCAN [13], which evaluates the contact potential and surface photovoltage as a function of the position. The Silvaco ATLAS model solves the Poisson equation self-consistently coupled to carrier continuity and transport equations in the well-known drift diffusion model, which is given detail in [22] and

• section was used. KPFM is a surface technique; therefore, KPFM measurements are strongly influenced by the presence of surface defects. In order to provide a quantitative analysis of the experimental results, KELSCAN allows for the introduction of defects in a surface layer of arbitrary depth. The model

Current-induced mechanical torque in chiral molecular rotors

• Richard Korytár and
• Ferdinand Evers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 711–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.57

• the incoming flux is conserved. This situation arises typically with molecular rotors that exhibit an easy axis of rotation. For quantitative analysis we investigate here a classical model where molecule and wires are represented by a rigid curved path. We demonstrate that in the presence of chirality

• qualitative description of the current-induced mechanical torque within a toy model framework. We consider a classical model of the molecular rotor where the molecule is modeled as a one-dimensional curve (“molecular wire”) that guides the flow of the charge carriers (see Figure 1 (left) for illustration

• , specifically the velocity–current characteristics and threshold currents. Our results can support the design of nanoscale mechanical devices. Model Model geometry (kinematics) Our classical model contains a particle (mass m) moving on a rigid path, which can rotate around an axis, see left part of Figure 1

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• initial structural models. One model (MoO3·H2O) contains six water molecules, that is, the oxygen atom sites at (0 0 0.25) in the MoO6 octahedra tunnel (note that H atoms of the H2O molecules in the model were disregarded because of the low X-ray scattering ability). The other model (MoO3) does not

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• −12, and “pseudo chi imaginary” was less than 1.0 × 10−10, meaning that these spectra are valid for further analysis [36]. The EIS model of the whole tested sample consisted of 152 electrochemical cells, formed by nanowires interconnecting a pair of electrodes, connected in a parallel circuit. Using

• the European Regional Development Fund project No. 1.1.1.1/20/A/144. K. Niherysh acknowledges the financial support of the “Strengthening of the capacity of doctoral studies at the University of Latvia within the framework of the new doctoral model”, identification No. 8.2.2.0/20/I/006.

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• , and the quasi-BIC resonances. For all cases, the metasurface structure is assumed to be immerged in water (n = 1.31) to model a realistic suspending condition for the PS nanospheres. The optical forces on the PS at the excitation values of those three resonances are all calculated based on the MST

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• detector (TCD, Buck Scientific, model 910). The total time of a photocatalytic test was 180 min. The photoreactor works thus under static conditions, which differs from the dynamic conditions used by other researchers where a continuous flow of ethanol vapors (mixed with water vapors) was employed via

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• mechanical property gradients, the mechanical behavior and the adhesion of setae, and the feeding efficiency of the system. In this context, we set-up a simple dynamic numerical model that takes all of these parameters into account and describes the interaction with food particles and their delivery into the

• particles, but to which extent is unknown since these parameters cannot be manipulated in living organisms. To test how the feeding efficiency depends on the mechanical property gradients and the adhesion forces of the setae, we here present a numerical model that simulates the interplay between setae

• during suspension feeding. In the past, numerical simulations were used to study the detection of prey, mates, or predators and the feeding current generation by limb motion [28][39][40][41]. However, mechanical property gradients and adhesion of setae were previously not addressed. As model organism we