Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• mechanisms is included, along with potential antibiotic and dye degradation pathways in wastewater. Finally, areas that require additional study and attention regarding the usage of photocatalysts based on bismuth for removing pharmaceuticals and textile dyes from wastewater, particularly for real-world

• applications, are addressed. Keywords: advanced oxidation processes; emerging contaminants; low-dimensional nanomaterials; pharmaceutical by-products; Schottky junction; Review Introduction Worldwide, water pollution is rising, endangering the economic potential and development objectives of severely

• ultraviolet light in the solar spectrum due to its broad bandgap of 3.2 eV, which limits the use of visible light. Because of this, the potential photocatalytic use of TiO2 is constrained and the photocatalytic effectiveness is reduced [19][20][25]. Table 1 compares some of the salient characteristics of some

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• methods for manufacturing ordered structures of nanoparticles is an ongoing challenge. Ordered structures of SiO2 nanoparticles have gained increased attention due to the great potential they offer in filtering, separation, drug delivery, optics, electronics, and catalysis. Biomolecules, such as peptides

• gained increased attention due to the great potential they offer in filtering, separation, drug delivery, optics, electronics, and catalysis [1][2][3][4][5]. Nanoparticles with ordered 3D structures, such as supra-particles or super lattices, can possess properties that are not observed in the bulk

• solution and redeposit to form large masses. The process is mainly driven by the differences in chemical potential and surface energy between particles with different size and shape. In SiO2 synthesis, smaller particles with high surface energy dissolve via cleavage of siloxane bonds on the surface. The

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• cell membranes exhibit distinctive advantages because of their easy cultivation and their superior homologous targeting and immune evasion [20]. Cancer cell membrane-based biomimetic nanotechnology provides a new methodology and exhibits promising prospects [21]. Compared to the potential threat of

• cancer shows high application potential regarding PTT and PDT [110]. A CQ-loaded nanoformulation based on cancer cell membranes was designed for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma by the Dai group [80]. After high accumulation in tumor tissue, the nanoformulation can be activated under 660 nm

• demonstrated strong clinical translation potential. In this review, the application in different fields of diseases and the existing diagnosis and treatment methods have been described in detail. In the face of malignant neoplasms, the homotypic cell membrane yields excellent functions (e.g., homologous

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• breast cancer involving factors crucial for their mechanism of action are reported across the literature [66][67]. This suggests that such acquired resistance might also become a common problem in advanced NSCLC treatment [68]. Some of the potential factors of resistance, such as poor internalization

• induces apoptosis. The effect obtained by siRNA is not influenced by the receptor alteration status and significantly decreases the gene's oncogenic potential. Chen et al. compared the efficacy of TKIs in NSCLC cells harboring different mutations with combined therapy consisting of TKIs (gefitinib

• hematological disorders. Using nanomedicines as a vehicle for the administration of TKIs may alleviate the aforementioned problems of conventional administration and (i) improve their pharmacokinetic profile, (ii) increase tumor targeting potential and localization at the tumor site, (iii) decrease the exposure

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• effect of spin splitting of the quasiparticle distribution. This effect can have some nontrivial consequences in superconducting systems with broken electron–hole symmetry. All these effects emerge in the adiabatic regime. The results demonstrate the rich potential of the dynamic inverse proximity effect

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• and an electrochemical catalyst for electrochemical reactions under low temperatures, are typically used in automobiles and portable electronics [4][5]. The primary application potential is related to their compact size, lightweight, high power density, and low operating temperature. However, they

• by its durability in acidic environments under high potential [23]. However, platinum, which has to be used in PEMFCs in relatively significant amounts, is also scarce, expensive, and sensitive to CO poisoning at standard operating temperatures [4]. Therefore, many research studies have been

• C-11 carbon support, show the weakest performance. This observation is also evidenced by the lowest onset (Eonset = 0.865 V) and half-wave (E1/2 = 0.640 V) potential values for material D (Table 2), limiting the current density and activities of the catalysts, assessed via RRDE experiments

High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

• Ryo Izumi,
• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

• known as a method that can measure the contact potential difference (CPD) between a tip and a sample with high spatial resolution [4][5]. KPFM is based on the detection of the electrostatic force between a tip and a sample using atomic force microscopy (AFM) [6][7][8]. CPD and topographic measurements

• that of the intrinsic semiconductor [19]. Thus, since the CPD is strongly affected by the surface properties, accurate evaluation of the surface state and bulk impurity concentration requires a method that extracts only the surface potential effect due to interface states. Recently, we proposed high

• by the CPD, is applied to the semiconductor sample. Therefore, the surface potential of the semiconductor is fixed at a certain energy, and only the surface state near the Fermi level of the surface is reflected in CPD measurements, making measurement of the energy distribution of the interface

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• characterization methods (AFM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, photoluminescence, and EPR) indicate the significant influence of the precursor on structural, chemical, and optical properties. Antibacterial and cytotoxicity tests showed that these dots did not have any antibacterial potential, because of the low extent of reactive

• , we established that N atoms were bonded to the carbon core network dominantly through amino groups. Because of the lack of reaction centers (introduced dominantly via pyridinic N) these dots have very weak potential to generate ROS and also poor antibacterial activity. Due to low dark cytotoxicity

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

• Dong Wei,
• Chengwei Ye,
• Adnan Ahmed and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

• solution, forming a large potential difference resulting in the increase of electric field intensity [27]. Similarly, the electric field intensity dropped sharply and afterwards increased sharply at the junction of the groove and the spinneret edge (30 mm). At the edge of the porous spinneret (30–35 mm

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• and significant to extend the previous research of Au–SiOx nanoflowers formed by an Au single layer to bilayers and explore potential fabrication parameters. In the present work, nanoflowers made of a core nanoparticle and surrounding SiOx NWs are synthesized from annealing thin Au/Ni bilayers with

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• detection methods [19][20], as their formation is highly dependent on refractive index changes, and sub-wavelength optics [21]. Our active plasmonic element also provides the potential for an even more sensitive technique. Active plasmonics has further advantages due to the tunable nature of the physics

• nanomechanical operations such as lithography and machining. The high spring constant of this cantilever has the advantage of minimising the unwanted deflection of the cantilever resulting from electrostatic interaction of the potential on the surface and the probe. The tip is constructed from wear-resistant

• case to ensure the probe captured the deflection due to thermal expansion while minimising artifacts caused by the periodic potential on the surface. The sample was driven with a frequency of 1227 Hz, well below the 170 kHz limitation on the response time of the z-piezo control of the scanner in the

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• ][3]. However, the overuse of antimicrobials since the 1950s has caused bacteria and fungi to develop strong antibiotic and antiseptic resistance [4][5][6]. Due to its versatility, nanotechnology has the potential of offering innovative, cost-effective and industrially viable solutions. Specifically

• counterparts, while Martínez-Castañón et al. [23] stated that smaller AgNPs are more effective in penetrating the cell wall. AgNPs were also found to be efficient antifungal agents [24], in particular against the infectious Candida albicans yeast species [25]. The potential applications of AgNPs as

• diffusion of silver ions towards the surface, resulting in the observed thin top metal layer (90 nm) of the Ag@PEG600DA/PETIA film, as confirmed in the TEM images (Figure 5). The metal layer is not thick enough to withstand the damage inflicted by the abrasion process. Rheological properties Potential

Cooper pair splitting controlled by a temperature gradient

• Dmitry S. Golubev and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.7

• projection α at a point x, m is the electron mass, and μ is the chemical potential, is the Hamiltonian of a superconducting electrode with the order parameter Δ and the terms account for electron transfer through the junctions between the superconductor and the normal leads. In Equation 4, the surface

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• open air at room temperature and the grids were placed in a box protected from dust. Statistics from image analysis were performed over at least 300 multipods or 200 chains. The ζ potential value of 1-PSN aqueous dispersions (pH ≈5.7) was measured using the Malvern Zetasizer 3000 HS setup (Malvern

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• perform, robust to operate, and inexpensive to conduct [6][7]. With diverse compatible ink choices ranging from simple organic molecules [6] to silicones [8], proteins [9][10], DNA [11], and living cells [12], microcontact-printing-correlated techniques have shown great potential in biochemical research

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• combine with various potential applications, addressing some of the problems of this technology, including those related to cell design, negative structural features, and changes in nanomaterials that can occur during fabrication. Thus, the evaluation and elaboration of structural changes in a

• vectors; pi is the momentum; eij is the unit vector along rij; fi is the analogue of the force applied to spin; and U is the potential energy. The general form of the expression for describing the total energy of magnetic systems can be written in the following form: where the first two terms in the right

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• chemical and physical properties. One such area is biomedicine [1]. Especially iron oxide-based nanoparticles, due to their biodegradation, low toxicity, and enhanced oxidative resistance compared to metallic nanoparticles, show high potential in biomedical applications [2][3][4]. Up to now, iron oxide

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

• Fernanda R. Leivas and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

• mixing rules [54]. For the interaction between hydrophilic sites and water, the same σ of oxygen–carbon interaction was fixed (σO−HS = σO−C), but the potential well εO−HS = εi was varied. The LJ cutoff distance was 12 Å, and the long-range electrostatic interaction was treated by the particle–particle

• the nanocone. If the nanocone is fully hydrophobic, no water crosses the nanocone. Therefore, hydrophilic rings are necessary for the water to enter and flow through the nanocone. We employ the Lennard-Jones potential to calculate the interaction between the nanocone wall and water. Within this

• approach, the variable that determines the wettability of the surface is the potential well defined by εr. The higher the value of εr, the more hydrophilic the surface is. Here we employed 1.5 ≥ εr ≥ 0.8. The water harvesting has been modeled according to the following mechanism: First, the vapor generated

From a free electron gas to confined states: A mixed island of PTCDA and copper phthalocyanine on Ag(111)

• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Emily Roche and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1572–1577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.131

• helpful discussions and O. Gretz for determining the preparation procedure for the mixed phase. Funding We would like to thank the German Research Foundation (”Locally mapping conductance and potential energy of a donor-acceptor system”, project number 397771090) for funding.

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• carbon nanotube geometries remain one of the paramount technological challenges for their potential applications [2][5][8][9][10]. The noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes promotes their individualization due to hydrophobic interactions between nanotubes and surfactant molecules that also

• such as melanoma, luminal 45 A breast cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma. Riboflavin-covered SWCNTs have immense potential in detecting tumors since riboflavin is selectively attached to the riboflavin carrier protein in the tumor cells while the photoluminescence increased by SWCNTs allows for high

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

• Nobuyuki Ishida National Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.13.129 Abstract In electrochemical measurements, monitoring the electrode potential using a stable reference is essential for controlling the redox reactions that occur at the

• electrodes. In Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements on electrochemical cells, the surface potential is generally measured relative to electrical ground instead of a stable reference. Here, we show that the changes in the surface potential, measured using KPFM relative to the surface potential in

• the electrolyte region, is consistent with the changes in the electrode potential measured using a voltmeter relative to a reference electrode. These results demonstrate that the surface potential in the electrolyte region can be utilized as a stable potential reference when analyzing KPFM data

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• conditions, PDP is a wide-gap dielectric material and is characterized by the following parameters: band gap ≈4.3 eV, electronic work function ≈4.2 eV, electron affinity ≈2 eV, first ionization potential ≈6.2 eV. Experimental evaluations of the electronic parameters of PDP have been made earlier by various

• following values n0 = 1021−1023 m−3, μ = 10−15 to 10−17 m2/Vs. The analysis of the I–V characteristics within the framework of Schottky barrier formation makes it possible to estimate the height of potential barriers at the metal/polymer interfaces utilizing the Richardson expression [18]: where T is the

• -called current at zero voltage. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the non-ideality coefficient of the barrier. We chose the value of the latter from previous measurements. As the result, the value of the potential barrier calculated using Equation 3 is equal to 0.7. As expected, the

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• Mott–Schottky relationship involving the apparent capacitance as a function of the potential under depletion conditions [54]: where C, ε, ε0, N, A, Va, Vfb, k, and T are the capacitance of the space charge region, the dielectric constant of the semiconductor, the vacuum permittivity, the donor density

• , the area of interface or the electrode, the applied and flat band potentials, the Boltzmann constant, and the temperature, respectively. The plot of 1/C2 vs V shows an intercept of the x-axis, which corresponds to the flat band potential (Efb), that is, the conduction band maximum (CBM) level of the

• electron–hole recombination [55]. PEC characterizations of materials Figure 6 shows the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves, Tafel slopes, and the photo-response of the samples. Figure 6a shows that the current density of all materials is grows linearly with the applied potential under visible-light

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• SEM, X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) analysis. The XRD and UV–vis results were published in our previous article [17]. We present this data again in this article as it is necessary for the discussion of the results. Zeta potential measurements were also presented in another

• Table 1). As a result, at pH 8 the surfaces of these two magnetite catalysts have opposite charges, which was shown in the zeta potential measurements of the catalysts (−0.37 mV and +14.4 mV for M1 and M2, respectively). These findings are in line with those previously observed by Hou et al. [29] on

• degradation occurs mainly via oxidation, as indicated by comparable rate constants for all the degradation processes studied. In the case of photocatalysis, the degradation rate increases with increasing values of the catalyst’s zeta potential. This indicates that the apparent rate constant values are

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• naturally luminous emittance. The relation of current and potential is recorded under dark (D) and light (L) conditions corresponding to the sunlight intensity below 10 lux and around 100 lux. Photoelectrochemical water splitting performance experiments are carried out under natural sunlight using a two

• , MWCNTs, and TiO2@MWCNTs electrodes as working electrodes in 0.1 M KCl electrolyte at a sweep rate of 50 mV/s. In Figure 8a, oxidation and reduction peaks are not observed in the CVs in the scanned potential range from −1.0 to +0.2 V. In the CV of the TiO2 electrode, the current decreases significantly at

• a potential below −0.3 V, which could be due to the electron trap energy [32]. Moreover, the width of the CV for the MWCNTs electrode is more larger than that for TiO2 and TiO2@MWCNTs electrodes, indicating that the MWCNTs electrode possesses a porous surface and high capacitance derived from a