Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.15.57 Abstract Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) utilizes the multimode operation of cantilevers to achieve rapid high-resolution imaging and extract multiple properties. However, the higher-order modal response of

• traditional rectangular cantilever is weaker in air, which affects the sensitivity of multifrequency AFM detection. To address this issue, we previously proposed a bridge/cantilever coupled system model to enhance the higher-order modal response of the cantilever. This model is simpler and less costly than

• probe and excitation surface sizes on the modal response. To facilitate the exploration of the effectiveness and optimal conditions for the coupled system in practical applications, a macroscale experimental platform is established. By conducting finite element analysis and experiments, we compare the

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• gold nanomakura within a 600–700 nm wavelength. The aspect ratio as well as anisotropy of synthesized gold nanomakura can influence photothermal response upon near-infrared irradiation. The role of carbon tail length was evident via absorption peaks obtained from longitudinal surface plasmon resonance

• incorporating the nanomakuras and further assessed their photothermal response. Nanomakura particles in association with k-CG were also able to show photothermal conversion, depicting their ability to interact with light without hindrance. The CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM after incorporation into

• hydrogel beads attained up to ≈17.2, ≈17.2, and ≈15.7 °C, respectively. On the other hand, gold nanorods after incorporation into k-CG did not yield much photothermal response as compared to that of AuNMs. The results showed a promising platform to utilize nanomakura particles along with kappa-carrageenan

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• difference of ≈10−4 °C. Therefore, thermal insulation would have a negligible effect on thermoregulation at this scale. Instead, cells may be able to regulate their metabolic rates in response to changes in environmental temperatures [38]. Wettability Superhydrophobic surfaces have the unique capability of

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• been formalized by the linear response theory and the fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT) [74][75], establishing a connection between fluctuations about equilibrium and the response of a system to external forces upon its susceptibility (or response function). Thermal energy and probe fluctuations

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• . The presence of MnO2 protects the drug layer and reduces the loss of drugs to circulation. In tumors, MnO2 were degraded to produce Mn2+ and oxygen by response TME, exposing the drug layer for drug release and to exert antitumor effects. At the same time, Mn2+ can act as an MRI contrast agent. Oxygen

• NFs can affect T1/T2 MRI contrast. After incubation with different concentrations of CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs in a simulated TME for 24 h, the T1 value decreased in response to Mn2+ release, and the T2 value decreased in response to Fe3O4 (Figure 3a). The longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of the NFs

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• previous crosstalk induced relatively low levels of IL-6 and IL-8 on the apical side with HUVECs (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). Then, in response to LPS, the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 raised to ≈600 pg/mL and ≈5000 pg/mL, respectively; no TNF-α was detected, a result consistent with previous

• reports [46]. Both IL-6 and IL-8 produced by HUVECs diffused downwards. In the basal compartment, the IL-8 level rose from ca. 2000 to 5500 pg/mL in response to apical LPS. Macrophages, in addition to expressing prominent levels of IL-8 receptors [47][48] are the main inducers of IL-8 in the immune system

•  1, Figure S2), suggesting that FCs were weakly pro-inflammatory, as described to happen when artificially induced [51]. Then, in response to LPS, IL-6 and IL-8 levels rose to 1600 and 14000 pg/mL, respectively. In the basal compartment the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were 900 and 16000 pg/mL

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• spectra of SERS-based biosensors are simple but powerful results, in which every single component of the analytes can be recognized via characteristic vibrations of identical groups [1]. In particular, SERS is an advantageous and practical choice for biosensors in clinical settings thanks to fast response

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• . Constant-height scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) of dI/dV was performed by sinusoidally modulating (5 mVrms, 725 Hz) the dc bias voltage and measuring the first harmonic of the ac current response of the tunneling junction with a lock-in amplifier. For AFM data acquisition, resonance frequency changes

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• is a complex biological process occurring in response to harmful stimuli causing injury to healthy tissue. Oxidative stress resulting from a high level of ROS is one of the key contributors to inflammation [92][93]. Therefore, balancing the ROS level via antioxidant supplementation is a promising

• capability to degrade reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are rare. In response, Miao et al. synthesized polyethylene glycol-coated ultrasmall rhodium nanodots (Rh-PEG NDs) for scavenging both ROS and RNS in order to decrease inflammation [106]. Rh-PEG NDs exhibited O2•–, HO•, NO•, ONOO–, and H2O2 scavenging

• is not an ideal method because it can be painful. In response, antioxidant nanomaterials coupled with hydrogels provide a promising method to topically deliver antioxidant nanomaterials into the body [154][155]. Nanoantioxidants (such as fullerene, cerium, gold, silver, and iron nanoparticles) and

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• , and graphene is already in use as a transparent and flexible conductor. However, graphene intrinsically lacks a strong response, and only by engineering defects, such as grain boundaries, one can induce piezoresistivity. Nanocrystalline graphene (NCG), a derivative form of graphene, exhibits a high

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• therapeutic response, were detected [22]. This finding led to the assumption that in adults the BNZ treatment could be overdosed. Unlike adults, children show few ADRs; therefore, the existence of a potential direct correlation between drug concentration and the incidence of ADRs was suggested. Data from

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• task. By making robust predictions based on molecular features, we can estimate the external set accurately. In this study, we used the Prediction Reliability Indicator tool [35] (http://teqip.jdvu.ac.in/QSAR_Tools/) to predict the response of a true external set comprising 49 MeOx NPs. The tool

• categorizes the prediction quality as good, moderate, or bad, based on certain scoring rules. To assess the predictive power of the developed QSPR models, we used the QSPR model (model 1 with zeta potential endpoint) to predict the response of the external set. Figure 1 shows the overall workflow of the

• performed considering the zeta potential as the Y-response (model 1). Model 1 was developed with basic periodic table-based descriptors. The different validation metrics showed the models to be robust and of good predictivity. Furthermore, toxicity-based modeling (model 2) was conducted to illustrate the

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• substrate via sputter deposition. The metal thin film is then pre-stretched to generate microcracks. The sensor demonstrates a remarkable stretchability of 300%, an exceptional sensitivity with a maximum gauge factor reaching 107, a rapid response time of 158 ms, minimal hysteresis, and outstanding

• gauge factor of 107, a broad strain range of 300%, a rapid response time of 158 ms, minimal hysteresis, and outstanding durability. (The GF serves as a means to assess the sensitivity of stretchable strain sensors; it is defined as the ratio of the relative change in resistance to the applied mechanical

• remain relatively constant. Strain response of the sensor As depicted in Figure 2a, the resistance of the metal film on the helical surface of the PDMS substrate undergoes a relative change (ΔR/R0) upon stretching, where ΔR and R0 represent the initial resistance and the transient resistance

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• , magnetic response, and controlled drug release with photothermal effect brings a different perspective to advanced cancer treatment research. Keywords: drug efficacy; iron oxide nanoparticles; photothermal; solvothermal method; Introduction Cancer is a widespread condition characterized by the

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• -beam lithography and reactive-ion etching. We simulate the electromagnetic response of the meandering nanowire inductors using Sonnet, a quasi-3D electromagnetic simulator [32], which has the feature of including sheet kinetic inductance Lk,□. We begin by simulating the meandering inductor itself to

• the measured magnitude and phase response of two nominally identical devices, both with nanowire width w = 200 nm, where one device has the shunt inductance and the other does not. For a shunt with inductance Ls = 195 pH, we increase Qext by a factor of roughly twenty at the cost of a slight reduction

• simulation and experiment. Electrical mode From the measured normal-state resistance of our nanowires and the measured thickness and width, we find a sheet resistance R□ = 243 Ω/□, corresponding to a resistivity of ρn = 365 μΩ cm. We monitor the microwave response during cool-down and estimate a critical

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• origami but also their transformation upon irradiation. FIB processing Inspired by the shape preservation of DNA origami nanostructures under ion beam irradiation, we explored the damage response under a conventional focused ion beam typically used in lithography. Lines of about ∼140 nm in width ∼40 nm in

• interfaces. While we demonstrate here that the trimming of individual DNA nanostructures within the lattice is possible, the collective response of the lattice and defect formation as a response to ion impact represents an interesting direction for future studies. The processes leading to height modification

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• were applied to gold foils. A system equipped with a Solartron 1260A frequency response analyzer, a Solartron 1296A dielectric interface, and a supervisory computer was prepared to determine the impedance parameters of the obtained structures. The impedance characteristics of the obtained samples were

Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• File 1, Figure S1A). In order to investigate the frequency response of the feedback controller, we define the closed-loop transfer function between error, E(s), and disturbance, D(s), in the Laplace domain as in Equation 2, where Tort, Tdelay, Ki denote the ORT period, the delay, and the integral gain

• the Z piezo response determines the closed-loop delay. Therefore, the maximum achievable integral gain and disturbance rejection are often limited by the mechanical properties of the Z actuator [32]. In ORT mode, however, the tip and the sample are in contact for a finite time window only. The

• traditional ORT one, we measured the frequency response of error over disturbance in a unity feedback closed loop (see Supporting Information File 1, Section 2 for the illustration of the experimental setup). Experimental results shown in Figure 2D demonstrate that the pulse sampling method rejects the

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• .) [17]. Similarly, a concentration of 10 mg/L of ZnO NPs elicited a positive response on the root elongation of Zea mays (corn). However, at a higher concentration of 1000 mg/L, there was an inhibitory effect on the root elongation of both corn and Cucumis sativus (cucumber) seeds, suggesting toxicity

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• determining the effect on the immune response in vivo. In vitro cytotoxicity assays are an important tool for evaluating the safety of NEs. HaCaT cells are a widely used human keratinocyte cell line that exhibits several characteristics of normal human epidermal keratinocytes, making them an excellent model

• immune response with mammals. Furthermore, G. mellonella larvae have been successfully used to evaluate the acute toxicity of various nanoparticles and drugs [23]. The immune response of G. mellonella larvae can be evaluated by monitoring their survival rate and melanization response [24]. The aim of the

• , melanization, or loss of mobility, in response to the treatment. Death was considered when there was no physical reaction after stimulation. The samples were tested at concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, with controls including trauma control (puncture only, TC), death control (100% methanol, DC

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• modifications to increase its solubility [7]. Due to its low cost, simplicity, fast response, and the lack of expensive equipment required, the peroxidase-like activity has garnered significant attention in the detection of harmful microorganisms. The naked eye can easily observe the blue hue resulting from the

• addition of TMB and H2O2 to the paper-chip containing the aptasensor and E. coli. Due to the increase in aptamer–bacteria interaction based on paper-chip pores, this paper-based biosensor was not time-dependent and showed a fast color-change response in the absence or presence of specific target (Figure 4

• ). The intensity of the blue color, calculated with the ImageJ software, shows a desirable linear correlation with the logarithm of E. coli concentration, as shown in Figure 4. In the equations, ''y'' was the intensity of the response value and ''x'' is the log concentration of E. coli. The color was

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• limitations of the drugs used, such as (i) high levels of toxicity and prolonged treatment time, which leads patients to discontinue treatment, (ii) high cost of treatment and parasite resistance to drugs, which is a major issue and occurs as a result of genetic mutations that reduce the response of the

• 120.4 ± 7.7 nm and displayed a good stability profile over 73 days. The in vivo studies demonstrated that after two weeks of treatment, BALB/c mice infected with L. amazonensis showed a decrease in paw lesions (about two-fold) in response to microemulsion, compared to the untreated group. Additionally

• : 190.3 ± 3.19 and IC50 value of the curc-free: 243.56 ± 2.89 μg/mL) corroborating the improvements in the leishmanicidal response after entrapment of curc in the nanostructure. This biological performance was also observed in artemether-NLC against L.infantum. Nanostructured lipid carriers conferred an

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• response of the two frequency channels of the receiving matrix were carried out. During the simulations, the antenna array was irradiated with the fundamental mode H11 of a round waveguide port with a diameter equal to the diameter of the opening of a back-to-back horn directed towards the receiving array

• single SIN tunnel junction. The frequency response of the receiving matrix channel was calculated by summing up the power absorbed in each active resistance of the receiving element. In the course of the work, the frequency response of the dipole antenna matrix with integrated CEBs was optimized by means

• of the antenna array is 340 µm in both directions for 210 and 240 GHz channels. The frequency response of the two-frequency receiving matrix with a Si substrate thickness of 260 µm is shown in Figure 2 (solid curves). To compare the calculated response with the experimental results, we also added

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• , gut, or bladder, depending on the species, where they elicit a marked immune response. The adult Schistosoma mansoni worms mate in the liver and lay eggs in the mesenteric venules of the intestine [4]. Nowadays, the only treatment available for this disease consists of praziquantel (PZQ) [5

• mechanism by which the nanoemulsion could reduce the worm burden is its antimicrobial activity, connecting changes in microbiota with the response to parasites. However, the mechanism of action of carvacrol remains unknown [67]. Repositioned drugs Works utilizing compounds repositioned from other diseases

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• addition, the removal of sericin, which requires a degumming process, is a prerequisite for using silk cocoons in biomedical applications to reduce the risk of an inflammatory response [18]. However, this degumming process can lead to damage to the silk structure, increase the polydispersity of the silk