New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• structure of the oligonucleotides the UNAfold program was employed, as illustrated in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1. Peroxidase-like activity of Ag/Pt NPLs Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2a illustrated a comparison of the inherent peroxidase activity of Ag/Pt NPLs. The intrinsic

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• the antibody by hydrophobic interactions through binding sites inside of its three-dimensional structure [21][22]. The polar side chains are located on the outside of the protein molecule, allowing the protein to form hydrogen bonds with nylon. On the other hand, nylon is a polyamide that contains

• protection against denaturation factors. Since hydrogen bonds are formed between protein A/G and nylon, it is understandable that a three-dimensional nylon structure, such as the nanofibres, would provide more hydrogen bonds as attachment points than a planar surface, allowing the attached protein to be

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• and cells to penetrate into their structure [10]. Second, high drug loading can be achieved, and the drug-release profile (i.e., prolonged, stimulus-activated, and biphasic releases) can be modulated by using different nanofiber structures (e.g., blending, core/shell, and multilayer structures) and

• ]. The core/shell nanofiber structure can also prolong the drug release since the polymer shell plays a role as a rate-control barrier [15]. On the other hand, the nanofiber scaffolds fabricated using suitable hydrophilic or water-soluble polymers are used to improve the dissolution profile and

• nanofiber scaffold. This was due to the O–H stretching vibration of the glycerol component in BBR NPs (Figure 2). Peculiarly, the absorption bands at 1646 cm−1 and 1506 cm−1, characteristic of the C=N+ double bond and the furyl group in the molecular structure of BBR, respectively, were only displayed in

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• -stage synthesis of polymer composites based on PNIPAAm hydrogel was presented. Both conductive particles in the form of conductive carbon black (cCB) and MnCo2O4 (MCO) spinel particles were suspended in the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogel. The MCO particles in the resulting hydrogel

• composite acted as an electrocatalyst in the oxygen evolution reaction. Morphological studies confirmed that the added particles were incorporated and, in the case of a higher concentration of cCB particles, also bound to the surface of the structure of the hydrogel matrix. The produced composite materials

• were tested in terms of their electrical properties, showing that an increase in the concentration of conductive particles in the hydrogel structure translates into a lowering of the impedance modulus and an increase in the double-layer capacitance of the electrode. This, in turn, resulted in a higher

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• hydrodynamic mean particle size of 312 ± 1.89 nm, PdI of 0.305 ± 0.17 and zeta potential of −38 ± 0.93 mV. These particles were able to entrap 88% of curc due to the irregular lipid crystal structure of NLCs [53]. The NLCs proved to be safe for macrophages, which promptly internalized the nanostructures, as

• nanostructured systems that promote increased leishmanicidal activity and can encapsulate curc as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Metallic nanoparticles Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are versatile nanostructures due to their tunability in shape, composition, size, structure

• game, once more in vivo information is available and current medicines based on nanoparticles provide insights for fast-tracking this system from the technological and regulatory point of view. Abbreviations Table 2 lists the in this article used abbreviations and their explanations. Chemical structure

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• stage is the deposition of about 70 nm of Al at an angle of −45° to form a SIN tunnel junction. Thus, as a normal layer we use the hybrid superconducting/ferromagnetic structure, which allows for decreasing the absorber volume and also for suppressing the Andreev heating current [22] to improve detector

• equipment in our lab. Hence, the results might be different from the expected values. As can be seen from Figure 5, the I–V characteristics of the 210 and 240 GHz arrays are quite close, which was not achieved at the first try. The normal structure resistance at 210 GHz (Figure 5, blue curve) was 200 Ω, the

• operating point resistance was 170 Ω, and the leakage resistance was 3.4 kΩ. The normal structure resistance at 240 GHz (Figure 5, red curve) was 310 Ω, the operating point resistance was 270 Ω, and the leakage resistance was 4.5 kΩ. To study the resonant properties of the CEBs, we have used generators

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• resistant to gastrointestinal barriers, representing another avenue of opportunity for the presented nanoformulation [42]. Niosomes are nanosystems similar to liposomes but formed using non-ionic surfactants like Span 60 [43]. They also could incorporate cholesterol in their structure beyond other lipids

• typical tissue structure. Regarding granuloma formation, the combination was also efficient, although another combination using ginger-derived nanoparticles and PZQ caused a more significant effect than the total dose of PZQ. In addition to this, ginger-derived nanoparticles alone or combined with other

• unsaturated free fatty acid in the outer layer of human skin, is commonly used as a permeation promoter, inducing the disruption of the lipid structure of the membrane. de Oliveira et al. [85] showed in vitro that oleic acid encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles could potentially be used in schistosomiasis

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• method to form an undercut structure that guarantees a clean lift-off procedure. The second approach used dry etching with an Ar beam to etch a thin Py film, while an electron-beam-patterned negative resist mask kept the desired structure. In the third process, nanostencils (shadow masks) with

• structure. The resist was patterned using an electron beam, which offers higher resolution than other sources (e.g., UV light) because of the smaller wavelength of electrons. Since the use of an ultrasonic bath will destroy the free-standing membrane, the undercut must be deliberately made larger to ensure

• a clean lift-off process. The larger undercut is realized by multi-dose exposure, which consists of two parts: The main exposure is for patterning the nominal structure, and an additional exposure is for patterning the outline of the nominal structure. This additional exposure is performed with a

unDrift: A versatile software for fast offline SPM image drift correction

• Tobias Dickbreder,
• Franziska Sabath,
• Lukas Höltkemeier,
• Ralf Bechstein and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1225–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.101

• Tobias Dickbreder Franziska Sabath Lukas Holtkemeier Ralf Bechstein Angelika Kuhnle Physical Chemistry I, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.14.101 Abstract Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques are widely used to study the structure and

• force microscopy; calibration; drift correction; image correlation functions; periodic structures; scanning probe microscopy; Introduction In science and technology, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques are widely used to study the structure and properties of surfaces and interfaces from the

• micrometer scale down to the atomic level. The common element of SPM techniques is that surface structure and properties are revealed by moving a probe over the sample covering a given area or volume. During this movement, the interaction between probe and sample is measured at fixed points in the scan area

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• structure of these albumin/PDA NPs has not been elucidated completely. It has been demonstrated that proteins are present in the NPs’ shell; they might also be present in the core (Figure 1d). Nevertheless, their potential both for fluorescent labelling of alive bacterial cells and as nanovector for

Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function

• Perawat Boonpuek and
• Jonathan R. Felts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99

• -coated, Cr/Au-coated, and uncoated Si tips were used to scan a calibration standard grating in AFM contact mode with sub-nanonewton load to obtain the curved scan profile of the edge corner of the grating structure. The data points of the curved profile of each tip were fitted with a nonlinear regression

• measured using a tip characterizer and tip qualification or standard calibration grating. In one of those studies, the tip geometry was determined by using a well-known sharp-edged silicon structure, which included height patterns with a certified pitch on a nanostructure plate [10]. Three types of AFM

• at the top corner of a grating structure (a fabricated square column). Then, the tip radius was estimated by fitting a manually drawn circle to the curve profile of the AFM scan [10]. However, the tip curve profile can differ from the shape of a circle, leading to some deviation of the tip curve

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• . [26] under the term focused-electron-beam-induced mass spectrometry (FEBiMS). In this approach, ion-extraction mass spectrometry, in close proximity to the forming FEBID structure, is used to analyze the charged, desorbing ligand fragments. Another approach in this direction is to combine ultrahigh

• , which involves SnMe4 as a methylation agent [36]. The elemental composition of the FEBID structure was calculated using the relative sensitivity factors (S) [37], that is, SAu: 0.21; SCl: 0.69; SC: 0.08; SSn: 0.53. From these, the atomic concentration of the deposit was found to be 51 atom % Au, 2 atom

• the edge of the deposits, indicated by the orange dashed lines. It is important to note that this negative dip is also observed for other line profiles throughout the deposit. Therefore, the negative dips are present in the entire structure (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4). This negative dip

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• ][3] has always held a central role, as the flexibility and control over the structure of molecules is unmatched. One of the fundamental parts of devices employing a bottom-up approach combined with molecular electronics is comprised of metal electrodes and molecular layers deposited onto them. For

• the same area, the center square of the image appears lower in topography compared to the sides when the scanning area is widened. Also, the measured current increases from image to image, while the etch pits remain intact, indicating that the Au surface structure remains unaffected. We attribute

• in Figure 4 this is slightly distorted by a probe effect duplicating features, the systematic difference in surface structure between Au/Si and Au/mica, already observed in the bare substrates, is reproduced. Just as for the bare Au/Si, the substructures of the substrate lead to strong variations in

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• plain microgrooves and there was a slight decrease in neurite length [16]. In this work, we provide significant advancements to our previous study in three main areas: first, by fabricating a new hierarchical SU-8 structure consisting of nanoholes on microgrooves; second, by demonstrating that the low

• the fluorescence patterns conforming to the structure shapes. Laminin was also successfully coated on the flat areas surrounding the pillars and holes, as shown in the corresponding confocal slices in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5. O2 plasma treatment of PU enables strong laminin adsorption

• served as a template for creating a PDMS nanopillar structure for the capillary thermal imprinting of SU-8. An AZ1518 film was spin-coated on glass coverslips at 5000 rpm and soft-baked at 100 °C for 1.5 min. Exposure was performed at a dose of 13 mJ·cm−2 with an array of 1.1 μm polystyrene nanospheres

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• addition, the removal of sericin, which requires a degumming process, is a prerequisite for using silk cocoons in biomedical applications to reduce the risk of an inflammatory response [18]. However, this degumming process can lead to damage to the silk structure, increase the polydispersity of the silk

• . Also, it is seen that, despite the addition of CUR, a typical peanut-like structure was formed by the porous MnCO3 template, as previously found in our studies using the CCD technique [26][27][28][29]. There are strict size requirements for particles in drug delivery systems, typically around 100 nm

• 1644 and 1546 cm−1 indicated the vibration adsorption of amide I (C=O stretching) and amide II (C–N stretching and N–H bending vibrations), respectively. These are the main vibrational bands in the albumin backbone that formed the secondary structure of the protein. It is also seen that the absorption

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• multilevel structure of these artificial atoms [39][40][41][42]. It is also used to obtain information about the connection of the qubits with a noisy environment and to form dissipative stable entanglements in quantum tomography protocols [43][44][45]. Let us further consider the limitations that such non

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• processes that involve classical nucleation, aggregation, and/or Ostwald ripening [38]. Figure 6 shows a STEM micrograph of the nanomicellar structure of a rosemary NCMP composed of two immiscible phases, that is, (a) the aqueous phase formed by the sulfur nanoparticles and (b) the oily phase formed by

• oil-laden nanoemulsions had insecticidal activity against Sitophilus oryzae in rice crops [52]. Conclusion Nanocomposites with a nanomicellar structure were synthesized. They are composed of an aqueous phase of elemental sulfur nanoparticles that agglomerate into clusters of smaller and larger

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• structure; hexagonal gold; interface energy; Introduction Heterophase interfaces are responsible for unique properties of many advanced devices designed for electronics and other applications [1]. Understanding the formation and energetics of interfaces is highly important for the nucleation of new

• crystalline phases on a specific substrate [2][3]. The structure of a heterophase can be studied using advanced atomic-resolution experiments, such as high-resolution electron microscopy [4], high-resolution secondary-electron microscopy [5], scanning transmission electron microscopy [6][7] or scanning

• power, the atomic structure and specific properties of various interfaces have been successfully studied using first principle calculations [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Up to very high pressures, gold crystallizes in the fcc phase [14] with the ABC repeating pattern of hexagonal planes in the [111] direction

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• ZSX Version 5.55 was used to measure the elemental composition of films. A spectroscopic ellipsometer, model GES5-E, was used for the measurements of film thicknesses and refractive indices. Ellipsometric data was modelled using the Cauchy dispersion model. The crystal structure was evaluated by

• stoichiometric SnO2 as the major phase at temperatures higher than 300 °C. Film structure Increasing the deposition temperature increased the crystallinity of films, as can be seen in Figure 8. Diffractograms of all crystalline films revealed the presence of tetragonal SnO2 (PDF Card 01-071-5324). Depositions

• hybridised with ligand Sn 5s states, while the three consecutive peaks at approximately 536.3, 537.7, and 539.6 eV correspond to states hybridised with Sn 5p states [37][38]. In the SnO2 rutile structure, the latter states are non-degenerate because of non-equidistant ligands for the axes of the coordination

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• these micro/nano devices is to scrutinize their structure and the interaction between their different components. This can be done by high-resolution characterization techniques that simultaneously probe dynamic properties of different parts of the device. This enables the decoupling of the roles of

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• manufacturer for graphene nanomaterials (refer to Table 3) is consistent. The diameter value is a common characteristic value encountered in the literature for graphene nanomaterials [25]. Moreover, Figure 4b shows the multilayer structure of graphene nanoplates. The EDS was performed on the graphene sample to

• be accurately determined with the help of the FE-SEM micrographs due to the curved structure of the CNT. Nevertheless, the overlapping average diameter information corroborates the data provided by the manufacturer. Additionally, Figure 6b shows that the CNTs have a smooth surface with mixed tube

• ) can also be seen. However, D/G < 1 indicates a multilayered graphene structure, which is also seen in the micrographs shown in Figure 4a and Figure 4b. The low intensity of the D band indicates low defect density [40]. The characteristic properties of graphene are directly related to the sp2

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• cell surface adhesion of the test particles. On the other hand, binding to the particles caused a conformational change within the structure of BSA. This denatured BSA promoted binding by scavenger receptor A (SR-A/CD204) and, thus, induced internalization of the protein–particle–receptor complex. In

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• JCPDS card No. 01-080-0076. This is proof of the existence of CuO NPs in the CuO NPs/ZnO NRs structure. Figure 2b shows the UV–vis absorption spectra of the pure ZnO NRs and ZnO NRs decorated with CuO NPs. Both samples containing ZnO NRs have absorption edges in a wavelength range from 300 to 380 nm due

• wavelengths (464, 532, and 640 nm), and an excellent sensitivity value of 203.4% for blue-light (464 nm) exposure. Therefore, the photodetector based on CuO NPs/ZnO NRs can enable research into broadband optoelectronic devices with simple and low-cost fabrication techniques. The structure can be extensively

• length and 0.02 cm channel width. Characterizations The crystal structure of the materials was investigated by X-ray diffractometry on a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). An energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (FEI iQUANTA FEG-200) was used to determine the chemical

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• microscope mapping to characterize the internal structure and local mechanical properties within Technora® fibers. We find a highly fibrillated structure that appears to connect with both the fiber’s molecular chemistry and full-fiber mechanical properties. In addition, through detailed comparisons with

• ; structure–property relationships; Technora®; Introduction High-performance polymer fibers have enabled groundbreaking advancements in numerous applications, from personal armor to tires to sports equipment, that aim to maximize mechanical performance while minimizing weight. The successes achieved with

• -effective fiber with (ii) similar mechanical properties to Kevlar® that was (iii) heat-resistant and (iv) soluble in organic solvents [1]. A highly oriented fiber structure exhibiting these characteristics was achieved through a terpolymer chemical formulation, consisting of terephthaloyl chloride (TPA), p

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• found to be suitable candidates for photothermal applications when irradiated with high-power lasers (100 W/cm2) because of the cage-like structure. This particular carbon allotrope is very stable under NIR light [32]. Graphene-based nanoparticles exhibited better photothermal properties when used with

• nanorods, gold nanostars have interesting properties because of their asymmetric spiky structure and narrow LSPR peaks [60]. Depciuch et al. synthesized three different gold nanostructures (spheres, rods, and bone-like rod structures) and compared their SPR peaks and their PCE properties. Though the SPR

• peaks were in the same wavelength range, the temperature increase was different (Figure 6A). It was also found that the bone-like structure produced the highest temperature of about 70 °C with 33% photo conversion efficiency [61]. Another fascinating class of gold nanostructures are branched or star