Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• tapered Ag NW waveguides showed that plasmon polaritons are slowed near the tip and subsequent accumulation of energy and giant local fields appear at the tip [9][10]. A NW waveguide was reported for use as a single photon emitter [4][6][7][11]. In particular, InAsP quantum dots embedded on the axis of an

Transport signatures of an Andreev molecule in a quantum dot–superconductor–quantum dot setup

• Zoltán Scherübl,
• András Pályi and
• Szabolcs Csonka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 363–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.36

• accumulation of the population in the triplet states, and the reduction the singlet and doublet populations that would provide efficient conduction. Therefore, the net effect of the triplet states becoming available upon increasing the bias voltage is the reduction of the current, and as a consequence, the

Electromagnetic analysis of the lasing thresholds of hybrid plasmon modes of a silver tube nanolaser with active core and active shell

• Denys M. Natarov,
• Trevor M. Benson and
• Alexander I. Nosich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 294–304, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.28

• highest red-shift, followed by the higher-order modes of the same type, and etc. If the tube gets thicker, each of the emission wavelengths of these modes moves closer to the value of 359 nm (from the red side) that is the accumulation point for the modes of the solid circular silver nanowire placed in

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• Japanese researchers reported that nanoparticles present a passive tendency to be accumulated into tumoral tissues [5]. This passive accumulation, also known as passive or primary targeting, is called “enhanced permeation and retention (EPR)” effect and is one of the keystones of tumour treatment with the

• was proposed for the first time by Maeda and Matsumura, who reported the selective accumulation of nanometric entities in tumoral tissue [5]. The reason of this passive accumulation lies in the unique architecture of the blood vessels that irrigate the solid tumour. The accelerated growth of a solid

• cannot leave the tissue resulting in accumulation over long periods of time. These two characteristics, the high permeability of tumoral blood vessels and the lack of an efficient drainage system are responsible for the accumulation of the nanoparticles into neoplastic tissues. Unfortunately, the EPR

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Zhenguo Wang,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Sergey Belykh,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

• of the finite size effect. It means that the sputtering yield decreases and even reaches that of the bulk Si for 34.5 keV irradiation (Figure 3b). Thus, the decrease of the sputtering yield with the dose demonstrates continued weakening of the finite size effect due to accumulation of the debris in

• tends to decrease (Figure 3b), which suggest a slow accumulation of the debris, but slower than in case of 34.5 keV energy. The roughening effect is scarcely responsible for the increase of the sputtering yield, since the curvature of the appearing morphological structures is much larger than that that

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• staining appearing in Figure 8 was due to the accumulation of functionalized nanoparticles in the cells, and there was no sign of any damage to the cell, demonstrating passive uptake in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using CdSe/ZnS@FA and GNR@CdSe/ZnS@FA. However, because the PL intensity and cell morphology of

Femtosecond laser-assisted fabrication of chalcopyrite micro-concentrator photovoltaics

• Franziska Ringleb,
• Stefan Andree,
• Berit Heidmann,
• Jörn Bonse,
• Katharina Eylers,
• Owen Ernst,
• Torsten Boeck,
• Martina Schmid and
• Jörg Krüger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3025–3038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.281

• indium accumulation occurs at the spot centers, which exhibit the highest roughness, indicates that the island growth is driven by the condensation of indium in the capillary-like structures. For the desired growth of flat and homogeneous indium islands, the data shows that a moderate roughening of the

Site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals in a buried SiO₂ matrix using ion beam mixing

• Xiaomo Xu,
• Thomas Prüfer,
• Daniel Wolf,
• Hans-Jürgen Engelmann,
• Lothar Bischoff,
• René Hübner,
• Karl-Heinz Heinig,
• Wolfhard Möller,
• Stefan Facsko,
• Johannes von Borany and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2883–2892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.267

• simulation of the ion beam mixing process taking into account sputtering and accumulation of damage and recoils which lead to a change in stoichiometry. In addition, the latter also allows for complex sample geometries and user defined beam profiles. For the ion beam mixing simulations, only such recoils are

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• of hole accumulation layer increases by capturing electrons from the surface of semiconductors when exposed to oxidizing gases, causing the resistance to decrease. The electrons are released into the semiconductor to decrease the width of hole accumulation layer when exposed to reducing gases, which

• temperature, oxygen molecules form O2− by obtaining electrons from p-type SnO2–rGO hybrids. Thus, hole accumulation layers and potential barriers are generated at the interfaces of SnO2–rGO hybrids. There are wider hole accumulation layers and higher potential barriers in SnO2–rGO than in pristine SnO2 owing

• to the existence of the immanent potential barrier and the imprisoned electrons in rGO. When exposed to an oxidizing gas (NO2), which has a high electron affinity, the electrons are continuously captured from SnO2–rGO hybrids, leading to wider hole accumulation layers and increased potential barriers

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• repetition rate, leading to high heat accumulation [32][33]. Rescanning the sample area n times while maintaining a constant total number of pulses Neff_3D, leads to the formation of tiny cone-like structures of increasing diameter with the number of rescans. The smooth tips visible in the SEM images

• much smoother than those reported in [26][27], which can possibly be attributed to heat accumulation at the high repetition rates used. From a biomimetic point of view, this type of structure resembles the integument of bark or flat bugs, found in South and Central American tropics [23][34], as

• case and underlines the interest of such high values for the fabrication of new surface morphologies based on self-organization mechanisms. Like for the structures observed at lower fluence, the cones have a smooth tip that is possibly related to heat accumulation. For rescanning at n = 100, similar

Disorder in H⁺-irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography

• Lisandro Venosta,
• Noelia Bajales,
• Sergio Suárez and
• Paula G. Bercoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2708–2717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.253

• dose the average size is around 130 nm. The observed defects are certainly much larger than the expected from the ion irradiation. This might be possible according to the explanation provided in [21][22], where the authors find that H+ irradiation leads to the accumulation of hydrogen inside the HOPG

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• dielectric constant of the material. From the CV curves, an increase in the capacitive current was observed towards lower potential values, which is typical for a transition to the accumulation region of n-type semiconductors. The calculated values for Eg and ND are summarized in Table 3, and compared to the

• values of jph for longer nanotubes. Along with an increase in the current density for the accumulation region, the percolation of the electrolyte in the nanostructures was confirmed. The kinetics of the filling of trap states and the decay of the jph became sluggish when the length of the nanotubes

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• ][9]. These include the presence of specific conjugated antibodies on the surface to bind selectively to related receptors and inhibit tumor growth and/or release loaded drugs for targeted therapy. This will result in increased drug concentration and accumulation at the pathological site, improved

• therapeutic performance of the anticancer agents and reduced non-specific toxicity to normal cells. Moreover, the strong magnetic susceptibility of the nanoparticles enables magnetic targeting, and the accumulation of these particles can be monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic targeting is

• , biocompatibility, absence of toxicity, minimal immunogenicity, and enhanced permeability and retention to cancer cells [18]. Moreover, PHPMA, which has a long history of biomedical applications as a drug-delivery vehicle, enables the control of biodistribution and accumulation via molecular weight limitations [19

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• . The enhanced accumulation of the drug in acidic pH correlates with the characteristic release profile in the tumour microenvironment [28]. This can be explained by the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the drug and nanoparticles, which might be strong in physiological pH (pH 7.4) and exhibits

A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO₂/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications

• Laurie Letertre,
• Roland Roche,
• Olivier Douhéret,
• Hailu G. Kassa,
• Denis Mariolle,
• Nicolas Chevalier,
• Łukasz Borowik,
• Philippe Dumas,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Roberto Lazzaroni and
• Philippe Leclère

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.197

• was observed as a result of the accumulation of photogenerated holes in the P3HT layer. A positive photocurrent was recorded in PC-AFM measurements, whose spatial mapping was interpreted consistently with the corresponding KPFM analysis, offering a correlated analysis of interest from both a

• ITO/HHJ structure. The dipole pointing away from the TiO2 at the TiO2/P3HT-COOH interface, leading to a partial accumulation of e− (h+) in the TiO2 (P3HT), will bend the vacuum level downwards, hence lowering the surface workfunction of the TiO2 once grafted with P3HT-COOH. The more positive Vcpd of

• , irrespective of the location where the excitons are generated, they will be able to reach the TiO2/P3HT-COOH interface, and dissociate by transferring an electron from P3HT into the conduction band of TiO2. An accumulation of holes in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of P3HT and electrons in the

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• tubes, the sputter rate could be higher or comparable to the damage accumulation rate, thereby avoiding large damage leading to a reduction of sixfold rings in the MWCNTs. For He irradiation, the sputter yield at the bottom surface of the sample depends far less on fluence than for Ne irradiation due to

• sample thickness on damage accumulation and amorphisation of the MWCNTs has also been discussed. For He+ irradiation, Raman spectra show that the sample starts to be heavily damaged starting from a fluence of 1016 ions/cm2. Nevertheless, the structure of the single CNTs is still visible for higher

Nonlinear effect of carrier drift on the performance of an n-type ZnO nanowire nanogenerator by coupling piezoelectric effect and semiconduction

• Yuxing Liang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Xuedong Chen and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1917–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.183

• establish the corresponding nonlinear governing equation of carrier concentration in this paper. The nonlinear accumulation of n-type carriers on one side of the ZNW cross section is shown in detail. Distribution characteristics of carrier concentration and electric potential in the cross section are

• accumulation at the stretched side, Δn/n0, becoming so large that the linear balance regime collapses. Non-uniformity in carrier concentration accompanied by drift will bring about also diffusion. These two effects of drift and diffusion will achieve a new equilibrium at every step of increase in P. A higher

• accumulation of carriers in results in a stronger nonlinearity. Figure 2a shows the nonlinearity manifesting itself from carrier drift with n0 = 1.0·1023m−3 for P = 0.7, 1.5, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 nN. P = 0.7 nN corresponds to the linear case of which the largest variance of carrier concentration, , appears along

Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

• André Giese,
• Sebastian Schipporeit,
• Volker Buck and
• Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

• estimated error of ±3%. Since the intensity of the aluminium is much weaker, the morphology is not so clearly represented in the picture as in the carbon measurement where the concentration (and thus the signal) is much higher. No visible accumulation of aluminium can be found in the film or close to the

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• consistent with the conclusions that can be drawn from former KPFM works performed on perovskite single crystals (band bending induced accumulation of negative photocarriers at the surface of MAPbBr3) and thin films (SPV time evolution resulting from an interplay between photocarrier and ionic species

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

• which, if mobile, start to accumulate at the tip–sample interface. As shown in Figure 2, such local accumulation of Li locally induces a non-volatile change in resistance under the tip. While this effect is visible in Figure 1 for the (squared) regions we show the effect in a local point-contact I–V

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

• Daniel Hiller,
• Julian López-Vidrier,
• Keita Nomoto,
• Michael Wahl,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Tomáš Chlouba,
• František Trojánek,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Margit Zacharias,
• Dirk König,
• Petr Malý and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

• and I–t was measured under accumulation bias, in dark and at room temperature, with an Agilent B1500A semiconductor device analyser and a Cascade M150 Prober in a shielded dark box. Results and Discussion Dopant concentration and -incorporation At first, we determine the P-concentration as function of

• comparable slope but remains on a plateau for SRO:P. The origin of the J-signal is the ionization of substitutional P-atoms in Si NCs and the subsequent accumulation of the “free” charge carriers under the gate blocking oxide (cf. [29] and [52] for details). Following the calculations therein, we can

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• urbanization, which in turn act to increase the level of environmental pollution [1][2][3]. Heavy metals contribute to a significant extent towards environmental pollution because of their toxicity, bio-accumulation and non-biodegradable nature. They also release large quantities of hazardous waste during

Tailoring polarization and magnetization of absorbing terahertz metamaterials using a cut-wire sandwich structure

• Hadi Teguh Yudistira,
• Shuo Liu,
• Tie Jun Cui and
• Han Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1437–1447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.136

• , respectively. The important parameters of a cut-wire sandwich structure are the gap size between two unit cells and the thickness of the dielectric spacer. Accumulation charge is located at the edge of the arm and generates a very large electric dipole moment, which then leads to a large effective permittivity

Inverse proximity effect in semiconductor Majorana nanowires

• Alexander A. Kopasov,
• Ivan M. Khaymovich and
• Alexander S. Mel'nikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1184–1193, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.109

• Γs ≥ Tc0, we get Γw ≈ (10−3–10−1)Tc0. Note that under realistic experimental conditions the number of modes in the wire (Nw) can increase due to the formation of the accumulation layer near the superconductor–semiconductor interface [29][30][31]. However, the increase of the shell thickness ds may

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• were observed at low metal loadings (<12%), and a small particle size (<6 nm) could prevent carbon accumulation on the catalyst surface. The effects of operating conditions were investigated by adjusting the reaction temperature, feed ratio, space velocity, and temperature. The following sections