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Search for "argon" in Full Text gives 363 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame

  • Christian Lutz,
  • Julia Syurik,
  • C. N. Shyam Kumar,
  • Christian Kübel,
  • Michael Bruns and
  • Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2719–2728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.271

Graphical Abstract
  • eV energy and low-energy argon ions to prevent any localized charge build-up. The spectra were fitted with one or more Voigt profiles (binding energy uncertainty: ±0.1 eV). All spectra were referenced to the C 1s peak of hydrocarbons at 285.0 eV binding energy, controlled by means of the well-known
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Published 15 Dec 2017

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

  • Ioannis Kanelidis and
  • Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

Graphical Abstract
  • using a nanoimprint technique and the insulating oleylamine ligand was removed by using a “soft” hydrogen/argon sintering process. The result was a transparent electrode that could be bent multiple times without losing more than one order of magnitude in conductivity [130]. Other reports describe the
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Published 07 Dec 2017

Synthesis of [{AgO2CCH2OMe(PPh3)}n] and theoretical study of its use in focused electron beam induced deposition

  • Jelena Tamuliene,
  • Julian Noll,
  • Peter Frenzel,
  • Tobias Rüffer,
  • Alexander Jakob,
  • Bernhard Walfort and
  • Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2615–2624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.262

Graphical Abstract
  • of appearance for [AgO2CCH2OMe(PPh3)]. Methods of Investigation Experimental The synthetic methodologies were performed under an atmosphere of argon with the solvents degassed prior to use. Ethanol (99%) was distilled from sodium/diethyl phthalate, and acetonitrile (99%) by distillation from sodium
  • ), thermogravimetry-coupled mass-spectrometry (TG–MS) and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The corresponding TG/DTG and DSC traces of 1 (argon, temperature range 100–500 °C, heating rate 10 °C min−1) are depicted in Figure 2. The decomposition of 1 occurs in consecutive steps, which were quantified with a
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Published 06 Dec 2017

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

  • Somi Kang,
  • Sean E. Lehman,
  • Matthew V. Schulmerich,
  • An-Phong Le,
  • Tae-woo Lee,
  • Stephen K. Gray,
  • Rohit Bhargava and
  • Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

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  • frequencies. A ≈5 nm titanium dioxide adhesion layer was deposited using atomic layer deposition (Cambridge nanotech) on the embossed SOG nanostructure followed by deposition of a ≈50 nm metallic film (Au, Ag or both) via one of the various methods. Sputter deposition in a 5 mTorr argon atmosphere (AJA
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Published 24 Nov 2017

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

  • Alexa Schmitz,
  • Kai Schütte,
  • Vesko Ilievski,
  • Juri Barthel,
  • Laura Burk,
  • Rolf Mülhaupt,
  • Junpei Yue,
  • Bernd Smarsly and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

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  • carried out under nitrogen or argon using Schlenk techniques, since the amidinates are hygroscopic and air sensitive. 1,3-Diisopropylcarbodiimide (>99%), iron(II) chloride (>98%), cobalt(II) chloride (>99%), methyllithium, 1-chlorobutane (>99%) and 1-methylimidazole(>99%), were purchased from Sigma
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Published 22 Nov 2017

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

  • Clelia Galati,
  • Natalia Spinella,
  • Lucio Renna,
  • Danilo Milardi,
  • Francesco Attanasio,
  • Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
  • Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

Graphical Abstract
  • 37 °C for 1 h. HFIP was removed by gentle streaming of argon, the peptide film was dissolved again in 1 mL HFIP, loaded on the plate and frozen at −30 °C for 5 h, then lyophilized overnight. The lyophilized samples on the plate were then dissolved in 10 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.2 to a concentration
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Published 20 Nov 2017

Au nanostructure fabrication by pulsed laser deposition in open air: Influence of the deposition geometry

  • Rumen G. Nikov,
  • Anna Og. Dikovska,
  • Nikolay N. Nedyalkov,
  • Georgi V. Avdeev and
  • Petar A. Atanasov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2438–2445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.242

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  • argon. Therefore, the need for a specific environment limits the flexibility of the method, which hampers its efficient application in the industry. Recently, several research groups have succeeded in overcoming this limitation through the implementation of laser deposition in air at atmospheric
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Published 17 Nov 2017

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

  • Julie A. Spencer,
  • Michael Barclay,
  • Miranda J. Gallagher,
  • Robert Winkler,
  • Ilyas Unlu,
  • Yung-Chien Wu,
  • Harald Plank,
  • Lisa McElwee-White and
  • D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

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  • underneath. The white outlines drawn in (f) and (g) are a guide to the eye to show the location of the deposit. AES for a deposit created from cis-Pt(CO)2Cl2 (top spectrum) and then subjected to alternating treatments with atomic hydrogen (PH2 ≈ 5 × 10−7 Torr), and argon ion sputtering (PAr ≈ 5 × 10−8 Torr
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Published 15 Nov 2017

Robust procedure for creating and characterizing the atomic structure of scanning tunneling microscope tips

  • Sumit Tewari,
  • Koen M. Bastiaans,
  • Milan P. Allan and
  • Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2389–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.238

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  • Au surface was prepared in situ by several cycles of argon sputtering at 1 keV at 5 · 10−5 mbar for 15 min and annealing at 600 K for 1 min to ensure a clean crystalline surface. The STM tips used in the experiments were commercial Unisoku platinum–iridium (PtIr) tips having a tip radius of less than
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Published 13 Nov 2017

Suppression of low-energy dissociative electron attachment in Fe(CO)5 upon clustering

  • Jozef Lengyel,
  • Peter Papp,
  • Štefan Matejčík,
  • Jaroslav Kočišek,
  • Michal Fárník and
  • Juraj Fedor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2200–2207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.219

Graphical Abstract
  • . Once a fragment ion is created, it can be detected via mass spectrometry, regardless of whether it separated from the rest of the cluster (”desorption”) or stayed attached to the rest of the cluster (”no desorption”). Our recent experiments [14] on precursor molecules adsorbed on large argon
  • aggregation stage. We probe anion production in two distinct types of clusters: (i) pure small Fe(CO)5 clusters and (ii) small Fe(CO)5 aggregates deposited on large argon nanoparticles (ArN, ≈ 200). The presence of the environment leads to a complete suppression of the DEA signal close to 0 eV. We ascribe
  • energy. Two different modes of operation that produce distinctly different types of clusters were utilized. In the first one, a mixture of Fe(CO)5 with argon at a stagnation pressure of 1 bar was expanded though a conical nozzle with 55 μm diameter. The nature of the resulting clusters was probed by
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Published 20 Oct 2017

Systematic control of α-Fe2O3 crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

  • Nan Shen,
  • Miriam Keppeler,
  • Barbara Stiaszny,
  • Holger Hain,
  • Filippo Maglia and
  • Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

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  • foil (0.59 mm thickness, Hohsen Corp., Japan) as both a counter and a reference electrode in an argon-filled glove box (H2O, O2 < 1 ppm, Mbraun, Unilab, USA). 150 μL of LiPF6 (1 M) in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (1:1 w/w, Danvec) was used as the electrolyte and a Celgard 2400 membrane was used
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Published 28 Sep 2017

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

  • Peter Krauß,
  • Jörg Engstler and
  • Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

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  • ) chloride in 10% hydrochloric acid. The ratio of copper to etchant was increased as described previously in order to obtain a higher number of iron oxide nanoparticles which serve as a catalyst for CNT growth. The water-assisted CVD growth of CNTs was then performed at 875 °C in an argon/hydrogen atmosphere
  • of CNTs on iron oxide nanoparticles/graphene without introducing a carbon precursor during water-assisted CVD in order to see whether CNT growth is due to the carbon precursor employed. Therefore, apart from ethene gas flow, which was substituted by argon, all parameters for CNT synthesis were
  • ) at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes Carbon nanotubes were synthesized using water-assisted chemical vapor deposition of ethene (Air Liquide) on SiO2/Si wafers (Silicon Materials) covered with an iron oxide nanoparticle/graphene composite at 875 °C in a hydrogen/argon atmosphere
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Published 26 Sep 2017

Advances and challenges in the field of plasma polymer nanoparticles

  • Andrei Choukourov,
  • Pavel Pleskunov,
  • Daniil Nikitin,
  • Valerii Titov,
  • Artem Shelemin,
  • Mykhailo Vaidulych,
  • Anna Kuzminova,
  • Pavel Solař,
  • Jan Hanuš,
  • Jaroslav Kousal,
  • Ondřej Kylián,
  • Danka Slavínská and
  • Hynek Biederman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2002–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.200

Graphical Abstract
  • heterogeneous NPs in which metallic inclusions are enveloped by layers of plasma polymer (core@shell NPs). For example, the process can be performed in the GAS by RF magnetron sputtering of metal in argon with the addition of an organic precursor (Figure 12a) or metal NPs can be pre-formed in the GAS by DC
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Published 25 Sep 2017

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

  • Gerhard Franz,
  • Florian Schamberger,
  • Hamideh Heidari Zare,
  • Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
  • Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

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  • the evaporated dimer with argon, the first reaction is suppressed, and the polymeric growth happens only after the condensation of the monomeric species. Irrespective of the route followed, the concentration c is described through the diffusion equation reduced by a linear loss term L due to the
  • gases. Vapor enters through a heated pipe and reacts either in the volume (gas-phase reaction) or on cold surfaces (solid-state reaction) to a polymer by chain-building. To prevent evaporation during the heating ramp (approx. 45 min), which would cause an irreproducible layer thickness, a flow of argon
  • generates a pressure of approximately 300 mTorr (mass flow controller 1179B, MKS GmbH, Munich, Germany). After having reached the evaporation temperature, the argon flow is suddenly lowered, and the deposition starts at a constant rate. At steady state, the entrance flow of the monomer is approximately 9
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Published 22 Sep 2017

Intercalation of Si between MoS2 layers

  • Rik van Bremen,
  • Qirong Yao,
  • Soumya Banerjee,
  • Deniz Cakir,
  • Nuri Oncel and
  • Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

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  • and 1.18 eV, respectively. The ratios of the areas of the doublet peaks were also fixed. During sputtering the pressure is increased to 3 × 10−8 mbar by leaking in Ar gas while the pressure around the filament in the differentially pumped argon gas chamber increased to 1 × 10−4 mbar. The sample was
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Published 19 Sep 2017

Growth and characterization of textured well-faceted ZnO on planar Si(100), planar Si(111), and textured Si(100) substrates for solar cell applications

  • Chin-Yi Tsai,
  • Jyong-Di Lai,
  • Shih-Wei Feng,
  • Chien-Jung Huang,
  • Chien-Hsun Chen,
  • Fann-Wei Yang,
  • Hsiang-Chen Wang and
  • Li-Wei Tu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.194

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  • water (H2O) vapors carried by argon gas were used as precursors, and their flow rates were set to 500 and 550 sccm, respectively. The textured Si(100) substrate was prepared from a monocrystalline Si(100) wafer anisotropically etched in NaOH/IPA solution at 85 °C to form pyramidal structures at the
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Published 15 Sep 2017

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF4:Yb,Er@NaGdF4 core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

  • Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
  • Vitalijus Karabanovas,
  • Marius Stasys,
  • Greta Jarockyte,
  • Vilius Poderys,
  • Simas Sakirzanovas and
  • Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

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  • . After the methanol was evaporated, the solution was heated to 300 °C for 1 h under argon atmosphere. The resultant nanoparticles were precipitated by hexane/acetone (1:4 v/v), collected by centrifugation, washed with acetone and DI water several times, and finally redispersed in cyclohexane. Synthesis
  • . 2 mmol gadolinium chloride was added to a three-neck round-bottom flask containing 8 mL OA and 30 mL ODE and then heated to 150 °C for 40 min under argon atmosphere to form a homogeneous solution and then cooled to room temperature. 10 mL of cyclohexane solution of 0.66 mmol NaGdF4:Yb,Er
  • heated to 300 °C for 1 h under argon atmosphere. The resultant core–shell nanoparticles were precipitated by hexane/acetone (1:4 v/v), collected by centrifugation, washed with acetone and DI water several times, and finally redispersed in cyclohexene. Tween modification of oleate-capped β-NaGdF4:Yb,Er
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Published 01 Sep 2017

Non-intuitive clustering of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on Au(111)

  • Ryan D. Brown,
  • Rebecca C. Quardokus,
  • Natalie A. Wasio,
  • Jacob P. Petersen,
  • Angela M. Silski,
  • Steven A. Corcelli and
  • S. Alex Kandel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1801–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.181

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  • argon sputtering followed by a 15 min annealing. The substrates were allowed to cool to room temperature prior to deposition. The samples were produced by preparing a 2 mg/mL solution of either 9,10-phenanthrenequinone or 9-fluorenone in tetrahydrofuran and injecting microliter droplets of this solution
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Published 30 Aug 2017

Nanotribological behavior of deep cryogenically treated martensitic stainless steel

  • Germán Prieto,
  • Konstantinos D. Bakoglidis,
  • Walter R. Tuckart and
  • Esteban Broitman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1760–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.177

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  • cryogenically treated (DCT). The austenization, quenching and annealing of the specimens was performed in argon atmosphere in order to prevent decarburation. The selection of the heat-treatment parameters was based in the results of our previous work [10]. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to
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Published 25 Aug 2017

Development of a nitrogen-doped 2D material for tribological applications in the boundary-lubrication regime

  • Shende Rashmi Chandrabhan,
  • Velayudhanpillai Jayan,
  • Somendra Singh Parihar and
  • Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1476–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.147

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  •  1. Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) was prepared from melamine and GO. Melamine was used as nitrogen precursor. For this, the GO and melamine were mixed thoroughly in 1:1 ratio. The GO and melamine mixture was loaded into a tubular furnace. Initially, argon gas was flushed inside the
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Published 17 Jul 2017

Synthesis of [Fe(Leq)(Lax)]n coordination polymer nanoparticles using blockcopolymer micelles

  • Christoph Göbel,
  • Ottokar Klimm,
  • Florian Puchtler,
  • Sabine Rosenfeldt,
  • Stephan Förster and
  • Birgit Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1318–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.133

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  • argon 5.0 (purity ≥ 99.999%) and Schlenk technique. The synthesis of all samples was repeated at least twice. Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-P4VP, purum, MW ≈ 150.000) was synthesised as described before [15]. 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethane) (bpea) and trans-1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethene (bpee) were
  • obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Tetrahydrofurane (THF) p.a. and toluene were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and degassed with argon for at least 30 min. [FeLeq(MeOH)2] was synthesized as described before [60]. The ligand bpey was synthesised according to the literature [61]. Synthesis The
  • measurement consisted of three consecutive runs. Mössbauer spectroscopy: 57Fe Mössbauer spectra were recorded in transmission geometry under constant acceleration using a conventional Mössbauer spectrometer with a 50 mCi 57Co(Rh) source. The samples were sealed in the sample holder in an argon atmosphere. The
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Published 26 Jun 2017

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO2 nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

  • Jin Zhang,
  • Yibing Cai,
  • Xuebin Hou,
  • Xiaofei Song,
  • Pengfei Lv,
  • Huimin Zhou and
  • Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

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  • counter electrode, and 1 M LiPF6 dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylene methyl carbonate (EMC) (1:1:1, v/v/v) as the electrolyte, respectively. Coin cells were assembled in an argon-filled glove box. The galvanostatic discharge–charge tests were conducted at the
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Published 22 Jun 2017

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

  • Isabella Tavernaro,
  • Christian Cavelius,
  • Henrike Peuschel and
  • Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

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  • PLAN APO 100×/1.4 oil immersion objective The 488 nm laser line of an argon laser and a 561 nm DPSS laser were used for excitation of Alexa Fluor 488 and Alexa Fluor 546, respectively. The labelled NPs were imaged in STED mode using a pulsed 635 nm laser diode (PicoQuant, Berlin, Germany) for
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Published 21 Jun 2017

Nano-engineered skin mesenchymal stem cells: potential vehicles for tumour-targeted quantum-dot delivery

  • Liga Saulite,
  • Dominyka Dapkute,
  • Karlis Pleiko,
  • Ineta Popena,
  • Simona Steponkiene,
  • Ricardas Rotomskis and
  • Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1218–1230, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.123

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  • × NA1.4 objective (Plan Apo VC (Nikon, Japan)). A diode laser (404 nm) was used for Hoechst, an argon ion laser (488 nm) for GFP, and a helium–neon laser (543 nm) for QDs. The images were captured with the EZ-C1 v3.90 image analysis software (Nikon, Japan) and further processed using EZ-C1 Bronze v3.80
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Published 07 Jun 2017

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

  • Dario Zappa,
  • Angela Bertuna,
  • Elisabetta Comini,
  • Navpreet Kaur,
  • Nicola Poli,
  • Veronica Sberveglieri and
  • Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

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  • evaporation temperature of NiO powder was set at 1400 °C and at 1370 °C for SnO2 and ZnO. Au-deposited substrates were placed at a temperature of 930 °C inside an alumina tube of the tubular furnace. Argon gas was used as a carrier gas and its flow was set at 100 sccm. Furthermore, the pressure of the tube
  • ) nanowires directly on the final transducer, starting from a metallic tungsten layer deposited by magnetron sputtering [54]. Metallic tungsten was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering (100 W, 5 × 10−3 mbar, argon plasma, room temperature) via a shadow-mask technique, in order to obtain a 180 nm thin layer on
  • the tube, and a flow of argon (10 mbar) was injected in the tube through a mass-flow controller (MKS, Germany). The oxidation time was 1 h. Under these conditions, the oxidation process only involves the superficial layer. After thermal oxidation, samples were thermally annealed in air for 12 h at 500
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Published 06 Jun 2017
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