Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• , the excited states of the ligands also contribute to the entire excitation spectra of Tb3+, as shown below. The emission spectra of [Gd(L)(ox)(H2O)], [Eu(L)(ox)(H2O)] and [Tb(L)(ox)(H2O)] recorded at 297 K and 12 K are given in Figure 5. [Gd(L)(ox)(H2O)] displays two broad bands from 390 to ca. 650 nm

Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

• Antonino Foti,
• Francesco Barreca,
• Enza Fazio,
• Cristiano D’Andrea,
• Paolo Matteini,
• Onofrio Maria Maragò and
• Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

• step size of 10 nm. It displays adjacent gold terraces separated by trenches. The top diagonal trench has a depth of ≈10 nm and width of ≈50 nm at its largest point (line profile in Figure 9b). The bottom trench is approximately two times deeper. The TERS map in Figure 9c displays a strongly enhanced

Nanostructured liquid crystal systems and applications

• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Alexander V. Emelyanenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2644–2645, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.245

• Alexei R. Khokhlov Alexander V. Emelyanenko Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.9.245 Keywords: artificial muscles; displays; energy saving; liquid crystals; photoinduction; sensors; Liquid crystals are smart materials

• having numerous applications in liquid crystal displays, modulators, sensors, solar cells, etc. Liquid crystals are used in both large and small devices. They surround us everywhere: in our house, on the street, and at our job. Liquid crystals are applied in biology and medicine, and for oil recovery as

• indicates that investigations of liquid crystals on the nanoscale are essential for the survival and development of civilization. Most everyone today in the modern world uses multiple display devices (e.g., TV, computer monitors, smartphones, projectors). Most of such displays are based on nematic liquid

Characterization of the microscopic tribological properties of sandfish (Scincus scincus) scales by atomic force microscopy

• Weibin Wu,
• Christian Lutz,
• Simon Mersch,
• Richard Thelen,
• Christian Greiner,
• Guillaume Gomard and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2618–2627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.243

• . Figure 6a displays the friction-vs-load curves of the investigated samples comprising Teflon, PMMA, silicon, sandfish, S. diadema and HOPG. All of these measurements were conducted with the same sharp silicon tip. For each sample, we measured a friction loop [17] for each load value and calculated the

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• introduced in 1958, displays higher therapeutic efficacy in solid tumours like colon, rectum and breast cancers. 5-FU exhibits increased bioavailability and a versatile generation of antineoplastic properties and is a commonly administered chemotherapeutic drug. Due to its nucleotide analogue chemical

Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoantennas for efficient frequency conversion at the anapole mode

• Valerio F. Gili,
• Lavinia Ghirardini,
• Davide Rocco,
• Giuseppe Marino,
• Ivan Favero,
• Iännis Roland,
• Giovanni Pellegrini,
• Lamberto Duò,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Luca Carletti,
• Andrea Locatelli,
• Aristide Lemaître,
• Dragomir Neshev,
• Costantino De Angelis,
• Giuseppe Leo and
• Michele Celebrano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2306–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.215

• enhancement is about six times higher in the hybrid structure than in the isolated cylinder, as shown by the comparison between Figure 3a and Figure 3b. Figure 3c displays the wavelength-dependent total scattered power and internal energy stored in the structure, which confirm the anapole-like behavior at the

Hierarchical heterostructures of Bi₂MoO₆ microflowers decorated with Ag₂CO₃ nanoparticles for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of toxic pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Wei Jiang,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yanping Liu,
• Kaibing Xu and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2297–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.214

• the flower-like architecture. The representative ACO/BMO-30 displays the flower-like structure, the surface of which is decorated with Ag2CO3 nanoparticles (size: 10–50 nm, Figure 2c,d). In contrast, the previously reported Ag/Ag2CO3/Bi2MoO6 is composed of Bi2MoO6 nanoplates and Ag/Ag2CO3 nanorods

• /nanoparticles [32]. Further information about the structure of ACO/BMO-30 was collected from TEM images (Figure 3). The TEM images are in line with the SEM observations, i.e., ACO/BMO-30 exhibits a flower-like architecture loaded with Ag2CO3 nanoparticles (Figure 3a,b). The HRTEM displays two different lattice

• under visible light was measured. Figure 6a displays the degradation of RhB as a function of the time. The RhB concentration remains unchanged in the absence of catalysts. In the presence of bare Bi2MoO6 and Ag2CO3 only 39.8% and 58.7% of RhB were degraded after 90 min of reaction time. The degradation

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• zero for the surface energy; for values d < 2/α the results are negative. Approximations of the surface energy are only possible in the range d > 2/α. Figure 4 displays the course of the surface energy as described by Equation 6. The limitations for meaningful results are well visible in this graph. As

• a further example for theoretically derived values for the surface energy γ, Figure 5 displays the surface energy of gold nanoparticles as a function of the particle diameter [26]. These values were obtained using a function of the type of Equation 6. As was discussed in context with Equation 6

• , these results are only valid for γ ≥ 0. To demonstrate the insignificant role of the specific surface strain energy on the surface energy, the insert in Figure 5 displays the particle size dependence of this quantity. Although its contribution increases drastically with decreasing particle size, its

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO₂/Si₃N₄-coating

• Dirk König,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Noël Wilck,
• Birger Berghoff,
• Merlin Müller,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Giovanni Di Santo,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Joachim Mayer,
• Sean Smith and
• Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

• potential that results in self-blocking FETs at VGS = 0 V. Clearly, device I shows a substantially higher on-state performance, becoming even more obvious with increasing underlap region lcon. The inset of Figure 8c displays the drive current at VGS = −1.5 V, showing that device I exhibits very small

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• indicates that the electron–hole recombination is efficiently suppressed by the surface antimony-rich layer [105]. Sn-based hybrid perovskites The MASnI3 perovskite displays a bandgap of ≈1.3 eV [74][81] corresponding to the absorption onset at λe ≈ 950 nm, which is significantly shifted as compared to the

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

• Pascal Kaienburg,
• Benjamin Klingebiel and
• Thomas Kirchartz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2114–2124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.200

• conditions, the role of the polymeric hole transport material is discussed. The efficiency of our best solar cells exceeds previous reports for each processing route, and our champion device displays one of the highest efficiencies reported for planar antimony sulfide solar cells. Keywords: antimony sulfide

A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO₂/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications

• Laurie Letertre,
• Roland Roche,
• Olivier Douhéret,
• Hailu G. Kassa,
• Denis Mariolle,
• Nicolas Chevalier,
• Łukasz Borowik,
• Philippe Dumas,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Roberto Lazzaroni and
• Philippe Leclère

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.197

• -AFM measurements presented in the last section. As shown in the Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S1), no ungrounded potential is to be detected at the top of the nanocolumnar TiO2 film. This can therefore not be the origin of the Vcpd contrast observed on the bare TiO2 columns. Figure 3a displays

• the P3HT-COOH, followed by the generation of charges at the TiO2/P3HT-COOH interface. The positive sign of the photocurrent means that the charges collected at the tip are holes. The generation and collection of charges upon illumination can be explained on the basis of Figure 6e, which displays the

• columns varies, and is therefore not impacted solely by the topographic variations. We note that the Iph contrast is qualitatively similar to that of the Vcpd observed in Figure 2, in which the top of the bare TiO2 nanocolumns displays more negative Vcpd values. Iph and Vcpd quantify two different

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• higher temperatures (ΔT > 40 °C) in the latter case [3][8][9][10]. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer is also an attractive material for GNS-based film fabrication, as it displays a range of useful properties, namely, low toxicity, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, chemical stability, and excellent film

A variable probe pitch micro-Hall effect method

• Maria-Louise Witthøft,
• Frederik W. Østerberg,
• Janusz Bogdanowicz,
• Rong Lin,
• Henrik H. Henrichsen,
• Ole Hansen and
• Dirch H. Petersen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2032–2039, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.192

• ) displays a behaviour radically different from the others. The reason is that R0 for the resistance signal method is determined completely without the influence of the Hall signal. Thus, a higher magnitude Hall signal will not result in a reduction of the uncertainty of R0. Instead, we see that the error of

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• important representative of this category are AREF4 compounds (A = alkali metal), with unique optical, magnetic and piezoelectric properties [7]. They are applied in solid-state lasers, three-dimensional flat-panel displays, and low-intensity IR imaging [8]. Syntheses of these AREF4-type compounds are based

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

• Kazuki Miyata and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

• corresponding to −3 dB attenuation were estimated and are presented in Table 1 and Table 2. The amplitude curve obtained with the LPF design exhibits a simple response, where the bandwidth is limited by the cut-off frequency of the LPF. Meanwhile, the curve obtained with the HPF design displays sharp negative

Numerical analysis of single-point spectroscopy curves used in photo-carrier dynamics measurements by Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated excitation

• Pablo A. Fernández Garrillo,
• Benjamin Grévin and
• Łukasz Borowik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1834–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.175

• function for fitting purposes), as well as a SPV built-up time ≤2 µs in order to simulate a surface photovoltage spectroscopy curve that passes through the data points with minimum deviation. Similar results were obtained for the oF2BnPA region (not shown). Figure 8 displays the best obtained result of the

• time, the resulting curve (blue line) presents an improved adjustment to the data points, suggesting that indeed, using SPECTY leads to a more accurate estimation of the SPV photo-carrier dynamics. As in Figure 8, the blue line in Figure 10 displays the best obtained result of the simulated average

Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

• Katherine Atamanuk,
• Justin Luria and
• Bryan D. Huey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1802–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.171

• profile, the RMS roughness is thus improved up to two orders of magnitude. Notably, there are few correlations between this morphology and the photovoltaic performance. Figure 3 displays secondary scanning electron microscopy images of the as-provided thin film (Figure 3a, outer regions) and the surface

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• in the carbon layer; and (iv) the obtained hexagonal magnetic mesoporous NPL displays a larger adsorption capacity towards removal of RhB from water than observed in other adsorbents [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Experimental Materials and chemicals Cobalt chloride hexahydrate, aluminum chloride

• Figure 1. The diffraction peaks in Figure 1a correspond well to the typical planes of CoAl LDH, suggesting its good crystallization and high purity. After coating with PDA, the resulting core–shell composite (LDH@PDA-2.5) displays characteristic diffraction peaks located at the same Bragg angles as pure

• decreasing porosity at a relatively lower carbonization temperature (Figure 1c–e and Table S2, Supporting Information File 1). The kinetics and isotherm models for the adsorption of RhB were investigated systematically. Figure 8A displays the adsorption capacity of the NPLs-2.5-800 sample at different

Magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ antidot arrays synthesized by AFIR: atomic layer deposition, focused ion beam and thermal reduction

• Juan L. Palma,
• Alejandro Pereira,
• Raquel Álvaro,
• José Miguel García-Martín and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1728–1734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.164

• was 0.8 nm, whereas that of the final Fe3O4 film was 0.6 nm. Figure 3 displays the XRD patterns of as-deposited Fe2O3 film (upper curve) and the Fe3O4 film (lower curve) after thermal reduction, for 2250 ALD cycles. The Fe2O3 film pattern exhibits one peak at approximately 43°. The Fe3O4 film pattern

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• the TiO2 samples for RhB degradation were as follows: TiO2-500 ≥ TiO2-400 > TiO2-650 > TiO2-800 ≥ TiO2-350. In order to estimate the first-order reaction rate constant and compare reaction kinetics, Figure 6c displays the data in semi-logarithmic form. The blank test (i.e., no catalyst) result showed

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• therefore equal to the sum of a negative and a positive term, which will be referred to hereafter as “fast” and “slow” SPV components (SPVFast and SPVSlow, see Figure 2a) with regards to their different photoresponse dynamics. After switching the light off, the SP displays a fast positive shift followed by

• a slow stabilization towards its initial level. Remarkably, the tip height also displays a fast photoresponse, but shows almost no noticeable evolution under continuous illumination at this optical power. In other words, the maximum height photoresponse is quasi-instantaneous (at the time scale of

• were acquired under the same illumination conditions and with the same cantilever on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1). The surface potential displays no shift under illumination (which also confirms the absence of any carrier

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets as field-emission source

• Geetanjali Deokar,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Junjie Li,
• Francis Leonard Deepak,
• Wei Ou-Yang,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jean-Francois Colomer and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

• the fabricated MoS2 NSs could have a great potential as robust high-performance electron-emitter material for various applications such as microelectronics and nanoelectronics, flat-panel displays and electron-microscopy emitter tips. Keywords: chemical vapor deposition (CVD); field emission

• displays, X-ray sources and cold-cathode electron sources [2]. 1D and 2D materials such as carbon nanotubes [3], ZnO nanorods [1], LaB6 nanowires [2], SnS2 nanosheets (NSs) [4], vertically aligned graphene [5], WS2 nanotubes [6], MoSe2 nanosheets [7], and MoS2 NSs [8][9][10] are potential field-emitter

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• Li/S batteries with the results of this work. The S/ZnO@NCNT electrode prepared in this work displays superior electrochemical performance, even with the higher sulfur loadings. The S/INC composite reported in our previous research work is based on INC, which has a high specific surface area and a