Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• the sp2-hybridized carbons in the graphene structure, since pristine graphite presents only an asymmetric peak at ca. 284 eV (carbon atoms in sp2 environment) [39][40][41]. The curve fitting of the C 1s spectra, also presented in Figure 4, can provide detailed information on the oxygen-containing

• groups, since these groups induce different environments for the carbon atoms and, consequently, their corresponding C 1s photoelectrons present slightly different binding energies [34][39][40][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. The comparison of the curve fitting for GO and rGO-25 shows the

• groups, and the conversion of some epoxy to hydroxy groups [28][45][46][48]. In contrast, rGO-80 presents a dramatic change in the C 1s spectral profile, evidenced by an intense peak at ca. 284 eV and a weak shoulder at 285–290 eV. The comparison of the curve fitting for this sample and rGO-25 shows a

In situ characterization of nanoscale contaminations adsorbed in air using atomic force microscopy

• Jesús S. Lacasa,
• Lisa Almonte and
• Jaime Colchero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2925–2935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.271

• electrostatic interaction. For each interaction image three curves are obtained: a (true) van der Waals interaction ΔνvdW(d) curve (Figure 3, middle row), a tip–sample capacitance C″(d) curve (not shown) and a contact potential UCP(d) curve (not shown). As discussed in the Experimental section, by fitting these

• frequency shift with bias, as expected from Equation 3. Fitting the experimental data to a parabola, for each horizontal (voltage) scan line three parameters are determined: the position of the minimum of each parabola, corresponding to the contact potential UCP, the vertical “offset” of the parabola

• Hamaker constant the experimental data is essentially processed as follows: First, a radius R and the pole of the electrostatic interaction h/ε are determined from the capacity curve C″(d) by fitting to the term πε0R/(d + h/ε)2 (second term in Equation 2). Then the Hamaker constant is determined from a

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• magnetic coupling constant and T is the temperature. The simultaneous fitting of the susceptibility and the χT product with the Fischer expression above lead to refined values of g = 2.00(1) and J = −0.026 cm−1. The g value was left free during fitting and is in line with the tabulated g values for Gd ions

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• (measured at 1.06 μm under ps excitation), points – experimental data, red curve – fitting; (c) comparison of the absorption saturation curves for NRs grown for 5–15 h. The data plotted in (b) are adapted from [28]. Tm:KLuW laser: CW operation and passive Q-switching by ZnO NRs grown for 5 h: (a) input

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• File 1, Figure S1. The volume fraction of magnetite and gold can be evaluated using the average NP diameter (assuming spherical Au–Fe3O4 NPs) by TEM and from fitting by modified Rietveld refinement from XRD. Importantly, the ratio of Fe3O4 to Au is almost constant at about 97% for MNP-15, MNP-25, and

• [50]. Fitting HC(T) yields an average blocking temperature TB which can be translated into Keff via 21·kBT ≈ Keff·V where kB the Boltzmann constant and V the NP volume. The prefactor 21 accounts for an attempt frequency of 109 Hz and the VSM measurement time of 1 s [51]. Table 3 lists the extracted

• Science & Technology (NUST) “MISIS” that are a modification of the Rietveld method, based on the minimization of the difference between the experimental spectrum, taken from the points, and model (calculated) one. For fitting the spectra, the lattice parameters, the amount of each phase and their

Characterization of the microscopic tribological properties of sandfish (Scincus scincus) scales by atomic force microscopy

• Weibin Wu,
• Christian Lutz,
• Simon Mersch,
• Richard Thelen,
• Christian Greiner,
• Guillaume Gomard and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2618–2627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.243

• gives the averaged frictional force . The corresponding frictional coefficient μ was obtained by subsequently fitting the data with Ffric = Fad + µ·Fload. Cantilevers and the cross section of a sandfish dorsal scale were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, SUPRA 60 VP, Zeiss, Germany

• (µgr = tan θ) with sand but it does not allow for a classical load-vs-friction analysis. We, therefore, conducted microscopic measurements recording friction-vs-load for various probes and surfaces. Fitting a straight line to the data we obtained the friction coefficient from the gradient of this fit

• in Figure 6b. As for Figure 6a, we measured at three different spots for each normal load value. Fitting the frictional coefficients as before, we obtained µ values for sand debris (0.27) and spherical glass probe (0.28), which are slightly larger than those for the sharp silicon tip (plotted again

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• ). XPS spectra were analyzed with the Casa-XPS software using a Shirley background subtraction and Gaussian–Lorentzian curves for fitting. UV–vis spectra were recorded by a double-beam Thermo Fisher Scientific Evolution 220 spectrophotometer in reflectance mode. The spectra were recorded in a range of

• ] in the wavelength range of 300–1200 nm. The fitting error was below 5% for Au and below 3% for Si, for both real and imaginary parts. The scheme of the system for numerical simulations that imitated the experimental setup is shown in the Figure 12. Two independent simulations were performed, each for

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• presented curves we used a simple linear fit of the high field region. In this case the fitting function has two variables, the slope (RH) and an offset, which corresponds to the saturated AHE amplitude RAHE. A second sign for the interaction between magnetic and conducting subsystems is the appearance of a

Two-dimensional photonic crystals increasing vertical light emission from Si nanocrystal-rich thin layers

• Lukáš Ondič,
• Marian Varga,
• Ivan Pelant,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Karel Hruška and
• Robert G. Elliman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2287–2296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.213

• carefully fitting the Fabry–Perot resonances in the transmission spectra. The distribution of refractive index naturally follows the spatial distribution of SiNCs and therefore it can be approximated by an asymmetric Gaussian function. The spatial profile of the refractive index is schematically depicted by

Influence of the thickness of an antiferromagnetic IrMn layer on the static and dynamic magnetization of weakly coupled CoFeB/IrMn/CoFeB trilayers

• Deepika Jhajhria,
• Dinesh K. Pandya and
• Sujeet Chaudhary

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2198–2208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.206

• absorption is obtained. For each frequency, the values of Hr and ΔH and were extracted from the fitting of the FMR spectra with the derivative of the Lorentzian function. Results and Discussion The XRR spectra and their simulated fits for trilayered films with tIrMn = 0, 2, 4 and 6 nm are shown in Figure 1

• . For all the samples, distinct Kiessig fringes appeared over a wide range of the incidence angle (ca. 4°). This indicates the presence of sharp interfaces and excellent sample quality. The summary of the fitting results is presented in Table 1. The interfacial width between top CoFeB and underlying

• proportional to the thickness of the CoFeB layers (up to 50 nm, data not shown), demonstrating that the UMA is a volume anisotropy rather than an interfacial anisotropy. From the fitting of the angular data, the individual values of uniaxial and cubic anisotropy field were calculated with the following

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• radius of gyration Rg and the forward scattering I(0) were calculated by using the Guinier plot (Figure 2b) and are 53.5 ± 1.8 Å and 531 ± 18, respectively. Additionally, with the help of the PRIMUS software [26] the fitting of SAXS spectra in a globular model with a local monodisperse approximation was

• typical for the structure with a core of smaller electron density than the solvent and with shell of a larger electron density than the solvent (the known values of electron densities for water, CH2 chains and PEG are 0.33 e/Å3, 0.274 e/Å3 and 0.4 e/Å3 [27], respectively). The fitting of the data obtained

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• solid lines).The slopes (b) of the fitting curves (y = a + bx) are: b = 0.19 ± 0.01 °C/mW (1064 nm); b = 0.3 ± 0.1 °C/mW (800 nm); b = 0.3 ± 0.1 °C/mW (730 nm). Irradiation area ≈ 0.4 cm2. Workflow scheme of the antibacterial properties study. (a) Temperature increase of PVA and PVA-GNS films upon

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• possibilities. (b) N 1s core level spectra corresponding to 5 and 15 min nitrogen implantation of CVD few-layer graphene at 250 °C and 430 °C annealing from top to bottom, respectively; experimental data (dotted line), peaks resulting from a least-square fitting procedure (continuous red line). A Shirley-type

Electromigrated electrical optical antennas for transducing electrons and photons at the nanoscale

• Arindam Dasgupta,
• Mickaël Buret,
• Nicolas Cazier,
• Marie-Maxime Mennemanteuil,
• Reinaldo Chacon,
• Kamal Hammani,
• Jean-Claude Weeber,
• Juan Arocas,
• Laurent Markey,
• Gérard Colas des Francs,
• Alexander Uskov,
• Igor Smetanin and
• Alexandre Bouhelier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1964–1976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.187

• parameters can be extracted by fitting the experimental characteristics. Generally, the current-to-voltage plots measured from electromigrated gaps are not symmetrical with respect to the applied bias. The irregularities of the gap, such as protrusions, affect the two sides of the energy barrier, and

• Figure 4b the -dependence of the transition voltages measured on either side of the Fowler–Nordheims plot for a series of 15 electromigrated junctions. The solid black curve is |Vt| calculated using Equation 5 and the parameters and d extracted from fitting the experimental data of JT(Vdc) with Equation

• the best fit to the data using Simmons’ model of tunneling transport. (b) The fitting parameters , Δ, and d as functions of the junction area A. The yellow frame represents a parameter space consistent with respect to the experimental measurements. (a) Fowler–Nordheim representation of the JT(Vdc

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• highly disordered areas close to 1250 cm−1 and 1490 cm−1. In order for the fitting algorithm to converge, the peak positions of the Gaussian peak at 1250 cm−1 and the D’ peak needed to be fixed. After fitting, integrated peak intensities of the D and G bands and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of

Electrical characterization of single nanometer-wide Si fins in dense arrays

• Steven Folkersma,
• Janusz Bogdanowicz,
• Andreas Schulze,
• Paola Favia,
• Dirch H. Petersen,
• Ole Hansen,
• Henrik H. Henrichsen,
• Peter F. Nielsen,
• Lior Shiv and
• Wilfried Vandervorst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1863–1867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.178

• fitting the data with a constant sheet resistance Rsfin using the relation Rfin = Rsfin × s/Wfin. By comparing the slope of the fitted curve at Wfin = 20 nm (ca. 4 kΩ/nm) to the achieved precision (ca. 2.3 kΩ, Figure 3a), we can deduce that the technique has a sensitivity to variations in fin width down

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

• Kazuki Miyata and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

•  2. The latencies in the tables were estimated by performing curve fitting using Equation 1. These values are consistent with the delays visually estimated from the waveforms in Figure 6. Due to the existence of the phase feedback loop, the PLLs have narrower bandwidths and higher latencies than the

Numerical analysis of single-point spectroscopy curves used in photo-carrier dynamics measurements by Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated excitation

• Pablo A. Fernández Garrillo,
• Benjamin Grévin and
• Łukasz Borowik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1834–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.175

• given to the mathematical model used in the data-fitting process as it constitutes a determining aspect in the calculation of time constants. Here, we propose and demonstrate an automatic numerical simulation routine that enables to predict the behavior of spectroscopy curves of the average surface

• function for fitting purposes), as well as a SPV built-up time ≤2 µs in order to simulate a surface photovoltage spectroscopy curve that passes through the data points with minimum deviation. Similar results were obtained for the oF2BnPA region (not shown). Figure 8 displays the best obtained result of the

Increasing the performance of a superconducting spin valve using a Heusler alloy

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1764–1769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.167

• present the results of theoretical modeling. Parameters used for fitting of the theory to the experimental results [17]. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 250: Fabrication of the SSV heterostructures. Acknowledgements A. K. gratefully acknowledges the Leibniz - DAAD Fellowship. Ya. F

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• illumination (which is equal to SPav in the high frequency limit) and D is the illumination duty ratio. As seen in Figure 5b the agreement between this fitting law and the experimental curves acquired on the MAPbBr3 single crystal is excellent, which confirms that the SPV dynamics can be properly accounted for

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets as field-emission source

• Geetanjali Deokar,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Junjie Li,
• Francis Leonard Deepak,
• Wei Ou-Yang,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jean-Francois Colomer and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

• 1s core-level spectrum (inset of Figure 2c), a small peak corresponding to MoO3 in agreement with the Mo 3d spectra fitting with a binding energy of 530.2 eV was observed [24][25]. The other peak at 532.3 eV is assigned to O–C bonds [25]. This peak could be explained by the fact that the sample was

• plot of ln(J/E2) versus 1/E as given in the inset of Figure 6a, using the following equation: A value of 867 is estimated by linearly fitting the FN plot. This value is indeed higher than that of MoS2 nanoflowers [8][13], and in the range of few-layered MoS2 NS field emitters (β = 1138 for

• density as a function of the electric field for the transferred MoS2 NSs on FTO/glass. The inset shows the corresponding FN plot with a linear fitting used for estimating the field-enhancement factor. (b) The long-term field-emission stability for the same sample at the pressure of ca. 10−6 mbar with

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• TiO2 nanobelts (TiO2 NB), TGN and TGN-branch 4 h under UV light illumination: (a) the degradation curves; (b) the fitting results assuming a pseudo-first order reaction; and (c) the cycling performance of TGN-branch 4 h samples. Photoluminescence spectra of TGN and TGN-branch 4 h. Supporting

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

• Daniel Hiller,
• Julian López-Vidrier,
• Keita Nomoto,
• Michael Wahl,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Tomáš Chlouba,
• František Trojánek,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Margit Zacharias,
• Dirk König,
• Petr Malý and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

• SRO:B accelerated TT-dynamics exist. When fitting the curves, best results are obtained for a two-exponential fit where the fast component τ1 ≈ 0.5 … 1.5 ps for all samples is attributed to ultrafast carrier trapping and thermalization events. The long component τ2 is associated with the actual Auger

Electrostatically actuated encased cantilevers

• Benoit X. E. Desbiolles,
• Gabriela Furlan,
• Adam M. Schwartzberg,
• Paul D. Ashby and
• Dominik Ziegler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1381–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.130

• , electrostatic excitation (Figure 2b) results in a clean Lorentzian resonance peak with a smooth 180° phase transition. The resonance matches the thermal peak shown in Figure 2c. By fitting a harmonic oscillator model to the thermal peak (fit shown in green), we find a resonance frequency of f0 = 347.530 kHz

• = 5 V and Uac varying from 1 to 5 V. As predicted, the electrostatic force and resulting amplitude increase quadratically with Uac. Figure 4b confirms that the oscillation amplitude is independent of Udc. Sweeping Udc from −3.75 V to +3.75 V leaves the amplitude unaffected. Through fitting of our

• deflection is monitored as we sweep Udc − UCPD from −4 V to +4 V. (Figure 5). Uac is maintained at zero and an offset of ca. 0.65 V is added to compensate UCPD. As expected from Equation 3, we observe a quadratic behaviour with Udc − UCPD. Fitting a parabola (blue curve) we find that the experimentally found

Formation and development of nanometer-sized cybotactic clusters in bent-core nematic liquid crystalline compounds

• Yuri P. Panarin,
• Sithara P. Sreenilayam,
• Jagdish K. Vij,
• Anne Lehmann and
• Carsten Tschierske

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1288–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.121

• of the Debye type. Figure 2b shows the temperature dependence of Δεj and fj obtained from fitting the dielectric data to Equation 1 over the entire temperature range of the nematic phase and temperatures in the isotropic phase close to the isotropic–nematic transition temperature. Fitting of the

• the other hand, an increase in the cluster size slows down the relaxation process, which is evidenced by the relaxation peak shifting to lower frequencies. To illustrate it clearly, we plot the dielectric spectra of the two individual relaxation modes deduced from the fitting procedure separately

• molecules in the cluster. The effect of temperature and the bias voltage on the dielectric spectra of both compounds were investigated. Fitting of the dielectric spectra to the standard Havriliak–Negami equation gives accurate values for the relaxation parameters, i.e., the dielectric strength and the