Localized growth of carbon nanotubes via lithographic fabrication of metallic deposits

• Fan Tu,
• Martin Drost,
• Imre Szenti,
• Janos Kiss,
• Zoltan Kónya and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2592–2605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.260

• was carried out with a precursor gas mixture of N2, H2 and C2H4 (120:120:120 sccm) at 1023 K. This temperature is even lower than the low temperature used in the case of Fe deposits on the substrate of Al2O3. Figure 10b depicts the Co-containing deposit after CVD. Obviously, the CNTs grew with high

PTFE-based microreactor system for the continuous synthesis of full-visible-spectrum emitting cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

• Chengxi Zhang,
• Weiling Luan,
• Yuhang Yin and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2521–2529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.252

• . [20] independently demonstrated the feasibility of synthesizing CsPbX3 QDs within a few seconds at low temperature. Sun et al. [21] reported the formation of shape-controlled CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals of three different morphologies via the re-precipitation process at room temperature. Chen et al

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• conversion as reached at a relatively low temperature of 145 °C over the CeO2–CuOx-2 sample. Furthermore, the CeO2–CuOx catalyst is more active than the CeO2–CoOx and CeO2–NiO catalysts, indicating that the catalytic activity is correlates with the metal oxide. Additionally, this versatile synthesis approach

• observed. The wide low-temperature band centered at 179 °C originates from the highly dispersed CuOx clusters, while the sharp high-temperature peak located at 200 °C is due to the strong interactions in the Cu–[O]–Ce structure [13]. In general, commercial Cu2O and pure CuO synthesized using a conventional

• CeO2–CuOx-2 sample is comparable to the traditional noble-metal–CeO2 system, yielding complete CO conversion at a relatively low temperature of 145 °C. A greatly enhanced performance of the composites in CO oxidation can be attributed to the incorporation of highly-dispersed MOx onto the CeO2 surface

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Julie A. Spencer,
• Michael Barclay,
• Miranda J. Gallagher,
• Robert Winkler,
• Ilyas Unlu,
• Yung-Chien Wu,
• Harald Plank,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

• compared to the as-deposited structure. Consequently, approaches which have been attracting increased interest are the so-called “low temperature” purification strategies, where carbon is removed at temperatures low enough to avoid changing the structure and morphology of the deposit. In FEBID purification

• degree of nanostructure resolution. Low-temperature purification can also be achieved by reactive species generated by an independent source. Botman et al. [26] treated FEBID deposits created from MeCpPtMe3 with atomic hydrogen (AH), which resulted in a decrease in carbon content (from 81 to 65 atom

• % to ≈87%). This is qualitatively consistent with our previous low-temperature UHV surface science studies on the effect of electron irradiation on 1–2 mL cis-Pt(CO)2Cl2 films [29]. Based on earlier studies [29][31] it is reasonable to assume that the purification process (PtCl2 + 2e− → Pt(s) + 2 Cl−(g

Robust procedure for creating and characterizing the atomic structure of scanning tunneling microscope tips

• Sumit Tewari,
• Koen M. Bastiaans,
• Milan P. Allan and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2389–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.238

• determined ex situ in a field-ion microscope (FIM) [23][24]. However, very few studies have been made to image the tip structure in situ in STM and show its evolution upon tip preparation. Inspiration for our current approach comes from work with low-temperature STM in cryogenic vacuum [25], where the

• shape with a direct detection technique rather than studying conductance versus tip displacement or STM image contrast. Experimental The experiments were performed in a Unisoku ultra high vacuum (UHV) and low-temperature STM with a base temperature of 2 K. The in-plane (XY) scan range is set by the

• exploit the capabilities of the low-temperature STM setup for imaging the evolution of the tip structure by scanning over an isolated adatom on the surface. The obtained STM images are convolutions of the topography and electronic states of sample and tip. Lang [31] has shown theoretically using two

Changes of the absorption cross section of Si nanocrystals with temperature and distance

• Michael Greben,
• Petro Khoroshyy,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Margit Zacharias and
• Jan Valenta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2315–2323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.231

• flux. For the low-temperature experiments the samples are placed in a cryostat (Janis ST-500). Results and Discussion ACS model Let us consider the model originally presented by Kovalev et al. [13][14] and then slightly modified in our recent paper [10]. A Si NC is considered as a quasi-two-level

Modelling focused electron beam induced deposition beyond Langmuir adsorption

• Dédalo Sanz-Hernández and
• Amalio Fernández-Pacheco

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2151–2161, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.214

• area (see Figure 5): from v2 ≈ 104·ve at room temperature and low current (red line) to v2 ≈ 102·ve at room temperature and high current (green line, parallel to the red one). The drop in v2 when moving to cryogenic temperatures is too large to be represented in the figure; low temperature experimental

• to the estimated areas where experiments take place. These regions are estimated just as lines, and not as points, since the value for νGAS is not available. Red line: Room temperature, low current. Green line: Room temperature, high current. The low temperature, low current region takes place at

• much lower ν2 / νGAS values as those plotted in the map. Vertical arrows represent one of the possible experimental transitions in GR observed at room temperature, from low to high current. Horizontal arrows represent one of the possible GR transitions observed at low current, from room to low

Substrate and Mg doping effects in GaAs nanowires

• Perumal Kannappan,
• Nabiha Ben Sedrine,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Maria R. Soares,
• Bruno P. Falcão,
• Maria R. Correia,
• Nestor Cifuentes,
• Emilson R. Viana,
• Marcus V. B. Moreira,
• Geraldo M. Ribeiro,
• Alfredo G. de Oliveira,
• Juan C. González and
• Joaquim P. Leitão

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2126–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.212

• cells (1.519 eV for GaAs bulk at low temperature). Additionally, Ga is more abundant and less toxic than other elements (e.g., In and Cd, respectively) involved in other compounds commonly used in thin film-based solar cells like Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe. Bulk GaAs exhibits the zincblende (ZB) crystal

Adsorbate-driven cooling of carbene-based molecular junctions

• Giuseppe Foti and
• Héctor Vázquez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2060–2068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.206

• with the electronic system has been derived in the framework of NEGF theory [6][37][39]. In the low temperature limit the emission rate of vibrational quanta by tunneling electrons is expressed as: while the absorption rates are given by: The matrices are given by the product of the electron

• driving the system to the BE distribution. We also assume a relatively low temperature of the bath T0 of 100 K. Changing the temperature of the bath would roughly shift the offset of accumulated energy of the vibrational modes and of the effective temperature of the molecule [37]. Results and Discussion

Advances and challenges in the field of plasma polymer nanoparticles

• Andrei Choukourov,
• Pavel Pleskunov,
• Daniil Nikitin,
• Valerii Titov,
• Artem Shelemin,
• Mykhailo Vaidulych,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Pavel Solař,
• Jan Hanuš,
• Jaroslav Kousal,
• Ondřej Kylián,
• Danka Slavínská and
• Hynek Biederman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2002–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.200

• polymers per se, regardless of the attractiveness and utility of these may be, but will rather focus on materials that are created as a result of a low-temperature non-equilibrium plasma operating in organic vapours. The term “plasma polymer” was introduced in the 1960s to convey the interrelation between

• surface instabilities, similar to a popcorn effect observed in conventional polymer particles [64]. As it was mentioned, the involvement of low-temperature plasma represents a unique feature that distinguishes this approach from other non-plasma-based methods: NPs acquire an electrical charge when

Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111)

• Weimin Wang and
• Roger I. G. Uhrberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1946–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.195

• temperatures significantly higher than 87 °C. After deposition at a substrate temperature of ≈200 °C, sharp LEED patterns were observed for two phases, i.e., a 3×3 phase and a new √7×√7 superstructure. These phases, formed at higher temperature, deviate from the low temperature phases in the sense that the STM

• germanene prepared at low temperature (≈87 °C) [13]. It is interesting to consider the structural results by Fukaya et al. [14] obtained from the (3×3) reconstruction prepared in a way similar to that in [13], i.e., at low sample temperature and a low evaporation rate. The results from the TRHEPD technique

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• nanoparticles. Furthermore, an extra acid-washing process was needed to remove the inorganic salt layer [33][36]. As the cyclization reactions between nitriles mainly occur during the preoxidization and low-temperature carbonization steps (<450 °C), we tried to coat with a protective poly(methyl methacrylate

• ) (PMMA) layer, which would remain stable during the preoxidation and the low-temperature carbonization. This layer, however, will completely degrade after the high-temperature carbonization on the surface of the PAN nanoparticle to inhibit the inter-particular adhesion between carbon nanospheres; thus

• observations were performed on a Hitachi S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded using an X-ray diffractometer (Model D8 Advance, Bruker AXS) with Cu Kα radiation. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments were performed at the boiling

Transport characteristics of a silicene nanoribbon on Ag(110)

• Ryoichi Hiraoka,
• Chun-Liang Lin,
• Kotaro Nakamura,
• Ryo Nagao,
• Maki Kawai,
• Ryuichi Arafune and
• Noriaki Takagi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1699–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.170

• Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 304-0044, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.8.170 Abstract We present the transport characteristics of individual silicene nanoribbons (SiNRs) grown on Ag(110). By lifting up a single SiNR with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope tip, a

• SiNR on Ag(110). To isolate SiNR from the Ag substrate, we lift up an individual SiNR with the tip of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and fabricate a nanojunction in which the lifted SiNR bridges the gap between the STM tip and the substrate. This method enables us to isolate the

• , and that SiNR is a good conductor with conductance of 0.1G0–1G0. In addition, we have found a peak structure at the Fermi level for the SiNR nanojunctions, which is relevant to the edge of the SiNR. Experimental All experiments were carried out in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber equipped with a low

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• growth. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is one of the most suitable techniques for the transfer-free and catalyst-free growth of VGNs at low temperature [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Various research groups reported the growth mechanism of VGNs during PECVD [21][22][23][24]. In brief, the

• this film is lower than that of a few-layer graphene (9.1 kΩ/sq for three layers) reported by Peng and co-workers [63]. Such direct growth on an insulating substrate at low temperature without post-growth treatment offers a good compatibility with the semiconductor processing technologies. A sheet

Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

• Nicholas D. Cultrara,
• Maxx Q. Arguilla,
• Shishi Jiang,
• Chuanchuan Sun,
• Michael R. Scudder,
• R. Dominic Ross and
• Joshua E. Goldberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.164

• reported with device hole mobilites ranging from 70 to 150 cm2·V−1·s−1 from room temperature to low temperature, indicating that germanane has the potential to be a viable electronic building block for 2D transistors. Together, this emphasizes the need for further control of doping behavior in these

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• , heating rate, tension of the fiber, total stabilization time and dwell time, air flow rate and pre-stabilization treatment [13]. Carbonization is the next step in the process. The carbonization processes can be divided into low-temperature and high-temperature carbonization, and graphitization above 2000

• the low-temperature carbonization process with increasing elimination of other elements (N,H,O) [38][48]. Electrochemical impedance measurements of oxidized PAN nanofibers Electrochemical properties of oxidized PAN nanofibers were analyzed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS

Low-temperature CO oxidation over Cu/Pt co-doped ZrO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1546–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.156

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• process in ethanol [26]. Moreover, the NPs were doped with different lanthanide ions (Tb3+, Gd3+; 1 mol % based on Ca content) to guarantee a PL and MR activity. CaCl2, Tb(NO3)3·5H2O, GdCl3·6H2O and NH4F were used as reactants to prepare the NPs by a low-temperature single-step approach. CaCl2 and NH4F

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• cm−1) for 8. The inclusion of the D-parameter improved the low-temperature fits significantly, but as stated above, these values by no means represent accurate values [56][57]. The D-values obtained from temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements should be taken as indicative rather

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films

• Yuriy Y. Smolin,
• Masoud Soroush and
• Kenneth K. S. Lau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128

• reducing the amount of oxidant, which may be the result of more favorable adsorption of short chain oligomers at lower temperatures or slower kinetics at the surface. Further, for the LT-F1 condition, which is now at the low temperature of 25 °C as well as a lower oxidant flow of 0.3 sccm, the film loses

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• Co0.5Fe2.5O4. The conclusion of which phenomena plays the more prominent role is not possible at this stage of the investigation and requires more studies, especially at low temperature [27]. This result, however, is in good agreement with data published previously [18]. Detailed studies on Co, Mn and Ni

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• characteristic for sp³ carbon and the G-band at 1588 cm−1 for sp² carbon. The D/G ratio is characteristic for a low temperature glassy carbon type material [41]. Consistent with the TEM results, the G-band in the Raman spectrum (D/G = 1.18, 1.03, 1.02 for 950 °C, 1300 °C, 1600 °C, respectively) confirms the

• regime. The BET surface decreases drastically with the increasing carbonization temperature due to a lower amount of micropores. Meanwhile the mesopore content increases. This observation corresponds well with commercial glassy carbon materials which are processed at low temperature and obey a narrow

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO₂ detection

• F. Villani,
• C. Schiattarella,
• T. Polichetti,
• R. Di Capua,
• F. Loffredo,
• B. Alfano,
• M. L. Miglietta,
• E. Massera,
• L. Verdoliva and
• G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

• application to solution-processable deposition methods. These methods are more oriented towards large-scale production, such as printing technologies that stand out as high-throughput, low-temperature processes, also employable in roll-to-roll configuration. Among these technologies, inkjet printing (IJP) is

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• process. It was proven that although both growth mechanisms coexisted in the experiments, long and oriented nanotubes were produced only by the tip-growth mechanism. In [100], SWCNTs were synthesized by the low-temperature CVD process using two different types of CoxMg1−xO catalysts prepared by atomic

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• hence a higher conductivity. Indeed, the general feature changes drastically with the presence of the depressed semi-circle and the straight line at low temperature, then the depressed semi-circle disappears progressively, and the straight line at higher temperatures becomes more pronounced. This