Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• the optimization of enhancement in X-ray generation from an aqueous solution flow of plasmonic gold nanoparticles under fs-double-pulse excitation in air. The optimization of the solution film surface position with respect to the focal position of irradiation was systematically investigated for the

• was additionally installed to the setup used in this study. Figure 1 shows the principle and the optimization map in the lateral plane perpendicular to the laser beam. A precision of 1 μm for the axial displacement of the solution film with respect to the incoming laser beam was achieved within less

• gold solution with an SEM image of gold nanoparticles. (c) Beam steering optimization in xy-projection for the highest yield of X-ray generation at 100 ps delay between the pre-pulse (energy E1 = 80 μJ) and the main pulse (E2 = 700 μJ). The distance between water film and Geiger counter was 15 cm, with

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• correction function and does not require modifications in the geometry definition file. In [27] the geometry of the target structure is modified by the user to compensate for height-dependent growth rate changes. 4.5.2 Proximity effect prevention To our understanding, in [27] no automatic order optimization

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

• Johannes Schneider,
• Vergil Djamiykov and
• Christian Greiner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2561–2572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.238

• sliding by a further optimization of the scale size and packing strategy. Perhaps even more importantly, friction also decreased upon texturing for lubricated contacts – at least for a wide range of sliding speeds. When testing the dry sliding performance of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) pins textured via mask

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• toxicology) for some cases, further optimization and improvement must be made. Furthermore, the fabrication of nanocellulose-based adsorbents is mostly established based on CNF, and limited when it comes to CNC. Nanocellulose-based photocatalysts Recently, numerous inorganic-organic hybrid-based

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• requires further optimization, the high importance of this method regarding the application of Si-based anode materials with low initial CE is clearly discernable. Conclusion In this study, we investigated a facile synthesis approach where Si-NPs are embedded into an amorphous carbon matrix via a

Performance analysis of rigorous coupled-wave analysis and its integration in a coupled modeling approach for optical simulation of complete heterojunction silicon solar cells

• Ziga Lokar,
• Benjamin Lipovsek,
• Marko Topic and
• Janez Krc

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2315–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.216

• with microtextures, and for simulations of complete HJ Si cells, we propose a coupled modeling approach (CMA), where the RCWA is coupled with raytracing and the transfer matrix method. By means of CMA and nanotexture optimization, we show the possible benefits of nanotextures at the front interface of

• to use RCWA for optimization of the inverted-pyramid nanotexture, and thirdly, integration in CMA and applicability of CMA for simulation of a fully encapsulated silicon heterojunction solar cell. For the combination of RT and TMM we employed the previously developed optical simulator CROWM [13][28

• simulations that contain nanotexture on the solar cell level. The simulated structure combinations are summarized in Table 1. The partial structures were analyzed in the sections “Nanoscale inverted pyramids” (texture 1), “Microscale inverted pyramids” (textures 2) and “Optimization of the nanopyramids with

Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoantennas for efficient frequency conversion at the anapole mode

• Valerio F. Gili,
• Lavinia Ghirardini,
• Davide Rocco,
• Giuseppe Marino,
• Ivan Favero,
• Iännis Roland,
• Giovanni Pellegrini,
• Lamberto Duò,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Luca Carletti,
• Andrea Locatelli,
• Aristide Lemaître,
• Dragomir Neshev,
• Costantino De Angelis,
• Giuseppe Leo and
• Michele Celebrano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2306–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.215

• SHG emission as a function of the pump polarization and angular emission of the SHG reveal that the plasmonic ring increases the pump in-coupling as well as the emission out-coupling. These results represent a step forward in the optimization of nonlinear light manipulation in dielectric

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO₂/Si₃N₄-coating

• Dirk König,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Noël Wilck,
• Birger Berghoff,
• Merlin Müller,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Giovanni Di Santo,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Joachim Mayer,
• Sean Smith and
• Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

• size) as a function of embedding SiO2- or Si3N4-thickness: (a) Si10-NC embedded in 3 ML Si3N4 after structural optimization. (b) Si10-NC embedded in 3 ML SiO2 after structural optimization. For atoms colors see Figure 1. (c) Evolution of HOMO and LUMO energies relative to vacuum energy Evac (left scale

• in the respective NWire section. (d–g) Si233(NH2)87(OH)81 approximant after structural optimization; for atom colours see Figure 1. The approximant is shown with the sum of frontier-MO densities ρMO = as iso-density plots for: (d) frontier-OMOs exclusively located in the NH2-terminated NWire section

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• only 8.7%. Despite this low coupling efficiency, the communication between the components was demonstrated. To make a viable NW photonic platform, the coupling efficiency needs to be strongly improved. The optimization of the light coupling should account for technological constraints related to the

• encapsulating spin-on-glass layer partially covering the NW is considered (used as a mechanical support for the contacts). The NW LED is buried to one half of its diameter into this spin-on-glass (SiOx) layer, and the SiNx waveguide is positioned on top of the spin-on glass. In the optimization, calculations

• ] allowed the origin of the low coupling efficiency to be identified, namely the poor vertical overlap between the NWs and the SiNx waveguide due to the spin-on-glass encapsulation and the poor coupling from the wide SiNx waveguide to the NW photodetector. Therefore, we have focused on the optimization of

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• optimization of the photo-electrodeposition process is necessary for the fabrication of efficient photocatalytic samples. For each Si nanostructure morphology, overlays of secondary-electron and backscattered-electron (collected with an in-lens mirror detector) SEM images were acquired. This overlay method

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• given to the optimization of GNS loading into the films, aiming to increasing the efficiency in bacteria and biofilm eradication under low laser power. In addition, photothermal-triggered controlled release of antibacterial compounds as a synergic effect will be also investigated. These strategies will

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• turn, be active sites. A change of the reactivity can be thus obtained in a controllable way for systematic optimization. Changing the structure of current metal catalysts in order to study their dynamic behavior is a difficult task and rarely investigated [36]. In contrast, this is routinely done with

A differential Hall effect measurement method with sub-nanometre resolution for active dopant concentration profiling in ultrathin doped Si_1−xGe_x and Si layers

• Richard Daubriac,
• Emmanuel Scheid,
• Hiba Rizk,
• Richard Monflier,
• Sylvain Joblot,
• Rémi Beneyton,
• Pablo Acosta Alba,
• Sébastien Kerdilès and
• Filadelfo Cristiano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1926–1939, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.184

• context, the optimization of existing characterisation techniques for the measurement of dopant activation at the semiconductor surface (or the development of new ones) is therefore decisive for both the improvement of the fabrication processes and the calibration of the related technology CAD (TCAD

Increasing the performance of a superconducting spin valve using a Heusler alloy

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1764–1769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.167

• maximum magnitude of ΔTc is two times larger compared to the best previous result on the Fe-based SSVs (Figure 2). In fact, it almost reaches the theoretically predicted value suggesting that further optimization of the properties of the F2 layer is unlikely to significantly increase the SSV effect. In

• this respect it would be very interesting to explore theoretically and experimentally the option of optimization of the F1 layer in the SSV AFM/F1/N1/F2/N2/S heterostructure. Recently, Singh et al. [32] reported a huge SSV effect for a S/F1/N/F2 structure made of amorphous MoGe, Ni, Cu and CrO2 as S

• the maximum possible value of ΔTc at a larger, technically realizable thickness of the F2 layer, in a full agreement with theory. It seems unlikely that further optimization of the material of the F2 layer would yield substantially larger values of ΔTc. An interesting alternative would be to optimize

Free-radical gases on two-dimensional transition-metal disulfides (XS₂, X = Mo/W): robust half-metallicity for efficient nitrogen oxide sensors

• Chunmei Zhang,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Sri Kasi Matta,
• Steven Bottle and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1641–1646, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.156

• energy), Eads is calculated according to where Etot is the total energy with adsorbed NOx after geometry optimization of the adsorbate; Egas is the energy of the adsorbed NOx molecule after geometry optimization, and is the energy of 3 × 3 monolayer XS2 supercell. Results and Discussion We focus our

Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies

• Silvia Rizzato,
• Elisabetta Primiceri,
• Anna Grazia Monteduro,
• Adriano Colombelli,
• Angelo Leo,
• Maria Grazia Manera,
• Roberto Rella and
• Giuseppe Maruccio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1582–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.150

• interparticle distance should be achieved. This ratio guided the choice and optimization in this work of the two strategies of colloidal assembly for 80 nm and 500 nm particles, which were exploited to create different types of nanoscale features with specific characteristics. From these assemblies, nanodisks

• (500 nm), the higher capillary forces tend to prevail during the drying process and to tailor the number of deposited polystyrene spheres it was preferable to modify the absorption time. The colloidal assemblies resulting from the optimization of these two strategies were employed as lithography masks

Preparation and morphology-dependent wettability of porous alumina membranes

• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Daria I. Tishkevich,
• Alex V. Trukhanov,
• Maxim V. Zdorovets and
• Artem L. Kozlovskiy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1423–1436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.135

• -monodisperse cylindrical pores [23][24]. Membranes obtained by traditional methods have a three-dimensional pore structure that has a large pore size distribution, which does not allow high permeability values to be obtained [9][25][26]. Therefore, the optimization of parameters such as the diameter and length

Predicting the strain-mediated topological phase transition in 3D cubic ThTaN₃

• Chunmei Zhang and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1399–1404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.132

• correct the total energy. The geometry structures were fully optimized until the maximum energy and force were less than 10−6 eV and 0.01 eV/Å, respectively. A Monkhorst–Pack k-point mesh of 7 × 7 × 7 was used for geometry optimization. The SOC effect was also considered in the calculation. The electron

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• allows for the optimization of the molecule-specific illumination dose. Typically, with a sampling time between 0.5 and 2 min, the total measurement time was varied from 1 to 4 h. The intensity of the fluorescent emission signal was determined by summing up the 16-bit signals of three different pixel

Ag₂WO₄ nanorods decorated with AgI nanoparticles: Novel and efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for the degradation of water pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Wei Jiang,
• Yanping Liu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yingtang Zhou,
• Liuye Mo and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1308–1316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.123

• photocatalytic performance for dye degradation under light irradiation [30][31][36][37]. Unfortunately, due to its wide bandgap of about 3.1 eV, Ag2WO4 has limited photocatalytic activity under sunlight, which severely limits its application and illustrates the urgency for optimization of Ag2WO4 to overcome

Formation mechanisms of boron oxide films fabricated by large-area electron beam-induced deposition of trimethyl borate

• Aiden A. Martin and
• Philip J. Depond

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1282–1287, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.120

• previous studies of TEOS. This knowledge is critical for optimization of precursor chemistry in other materials systems and for future modeling efforts. Experimental EBID experiments were performed on a silicon substrate (100, n-type, P-doped, native oxide surface, MTI Corporation) with TMB precursor

• optimization studies. EDS was performed to determine the composition of deposited material as a function of the substrate temperature (Figure 3). The 100 × 100 μm central region of each deposit was measured and analyzed to determine the boron-to-carbon, boron-to-oxygen and carbon-to-oxygen Kα X-ray peak

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

• Yue Shen,
• Ying Wang,
• Yuan Zhou,
• Chunxi Hai,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

• reduced GO sheets and evaluated the effects of the reducing conditions. The identification of the degree of reduction of GO sheets using EFS is important for reduction strategy optimization and mass application of GO, which is highly desired owing to its mechanical, thermal, optical and electronic

• identify the degree of reduction of the individual uniformly reduced GO sheets and aids in advancing our understanding of the effects of various reduction methods on GO sheets. The characterization of the degree of reduction of GO sheets using EFS is important for the reduction strategy optimization and

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• anchoring of TiO2 to FTO. This hypothesis is rationalized by the well-known chelating effect of acetylacetone on both organometallic complexes and on oxidic surfaces. The optimization through compositional variation is limited by the growth of complicated species, particularly if the acetylacetone

P3HT:PCBM blend films phase diagram on the base of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry

• Barbara Hajduk,
• Henryk Bednarski,
• Bożena Jarząbek,
• Henryk Janeczek and
• Paweł Nitschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1108–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.102

• post-deposition treatments, e.g., heat treatment [20][21]. One large branch of studies on OPV devices based on thin films of polymer:fullerene blend active layers deals with the optimization of their power conversion efficiency by applying thermal annealing [8]. Remarkably, it has been proven that the