Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• intensity on the VLS process temperature The first step in the synthesis optimization of the horizontally oriented SiNW substrates includes the determination of the optimal VLS synthesis temperature. The color of the substrates ranged from pale yellow to dark brown (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• Research University, 75005 Paris, France 10.3762/bjnano.10.65 Abstract This work reports on the fabrication, optimization and characterization of ultrathin films containing submicrometer particles (sMPs) of the hydrophilic and water stable UiO-66-COOH(Zr) metal organic framework (MOF). MOF particles of

• . Results and Discussion Optimization of MOF submicrometer particle Langmuir films: solvent mixtures and surfactants Spherical UiO-66-COOH(Zr) submicrometer particles (sMPs) of ≈200 nm diameter were synthesized and characterized (see Experimental section and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1 for PXRD

• deposited onto Si(100) wafers was done using a high-resolution Empyrean diffractometer (PANalytical) operating at 45 kV (generator voltage) and a tube current of 40 mA (Cu Kα radiation). A Pixcell 1D medipix3 detector operating in the open detector mode was used. An optimization of the grazing incidence

Transport signatures of an Andreev molecule in a quantum dot–superconductor–quantum dot setup

• Zoltán Scherübl,
• András Pályi and
• Szabolcs Csonka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 363–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.36

• associated negative differential conductance in the Cooper-pair splitter, and show that they can arise regardless of the nature of the dominant non-local coupling mechanism. Our results should facilitate the characterization of hybrid devices, and their optimization for various quantum-information-related

Intuitive human interface to a scanning tunnelling microscope: observation of parity oscillations for a single atomic chain

• Sumit Tewari,
• Jacob Bakermans,
• Christian Wagner,
• Federica Galli and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 337–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.33

• , approximately 10−4 percent (see Figure S3 in Supporting Information File 1). Using these optimization methods, a speed-up of almost 10-fold in energy and force calculation is recorded by a standard profiling tool. A supporting program has also been developed to setup a simulation stage based on the STM images

Nitrous oxide as an effective AFM tip functionalization: a comparative study

• Taras Chutora,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Pingo Mutombo,
• Jack Hellerstedt,
• Jaromír Kopeček,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Martin Švec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 315–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.30

• supercell, composed of three Au layers to represent the Au(111) surface. Both a single molecule and trimer clusters were initially placed on the surface according to experimental findings. The structural optimization of the slab was carried out, except for the two bottom Au layers, until the remaining

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• ]. Improvements in photocurrent density have been sought by utilizing a transparent, nanostructured window layer instead of planar window layers with the ETA Sb2S3 absorber layer [4][7]. Previous studies show that achieving sufficient repeatability alongside optimization of the component layers, i.e., transparent

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• “nanotubular” in the rest of the paper). These novel metal/carbon nanostructures are characterized regarding their morphology and phase composition. Finally, the electrocatalytic water oxidation performance of planar and nanostructured Ru/C electrodes is studied at pH 4. The focus lies on (1) the optimization

• voltammetry (Figure S5, Supporting Information File 1) performed after long-term bulk electrolyses support this statement. Optimization of electrocatalytic performance Our preparative procedure now allows us to adjust the geometric parameters of the nanoporous substrate in order to optimize the catalytic

• is advantageous with respect to the state of the art in several regards (Table 1) [14][18][20][28][45][46][72]: Moderate current densities can be achieved at very low overpotential upon optimization of the nanoporous geometry. For example, pores of L = 13 μm deliver 2.6 mA cm−2 at η = 0.20 V. This

Electrolyte tuning in dye-sensitized solar cells with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron(II) sensitizers

• Mariia Karpacheva,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Edwin C. Constable

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3069–3078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.285

• of solvent is crucial for optimization of DSC performance and long-term stability [45][46]. Our starting point was the standard electrolyte (E1, Table 1) that we employ for DSCs with bis(diimine)copper(I) sensitizers. This electrolyte contains the additive N-methylbenzimidazole (MBI) which is known

Femtosecond laser-assisted fabrication of chalcopyrite micro-concentrator photovoltaics

• Franziska Ringleb,
• Stefan Andree,
• Berit Heidmann,
• Jörn Bonse,
• Katharina Eylers,
• Owen Ernst,
• Torsten Boeck,
• Martina Schmid and
• Jörg Krüger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3025–3038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.281

• of the islands. By optimizing the growth conditions, it was possible to determine parameters (ca. 500 °C substrate temperature and 0.3 Å/s deposition rate) at which suitable indium island (precursor) dimensions were achieved [17]. Figure 7 displays the result of the optimization process for an array

• element sequence was chosen for direct comparison, which however, does not correspond to an optimization for planar absorbers. The corresponding efficiencies of the planar references were 5.9% for CISe by nucleation, 8.5% for CIGSe by nucleation and 8.1% for CIGSe by LIFT. The efficiencies given were

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• room-temperature sensors, and further optimization is needed to control the drift. In another work, p–p junctions were accounted for the outstanding sensitivity to NO2 of Co3O4–rGO sensors at room temperature [60]. Liu et al. [61] prepared sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (S-rGO) via adding a solution

• sheets due to the introduction of TiO2 nanoparticles, the mellow and regular TiO2 nanoparticles also contributed to the improvement of the gas-sensing performance. However, the stability was poor because the composite sensor was sensitive to water molecules. Further optimization is needed to control the

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• silver electrodes. This is the most widely studied synthesis and is still subject to further investigation and optimization to obtain more efficient SERS substrates [2][8][9][10][11]. One modification of the electrochemical fabrication of SERS substrates involves the electrochemical etching of silver to

Optimization of Mo/Cr bilayer back contacts for thin-film solar cells

• Nima Khoshsirat,
• Fawad Ali,
• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• Mojtaba Amjadipour,
• Hongxia Wang,
• Mahnaz Shafiei and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2700–2707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.252

• 0.173 cm2. This measurement confirms the functionality of the Mo/Cr bilayer back contact for CZTS thin-film solar cells. A substantial improvement of the performance is expected to come through an optimization of the electro-optical properties of the layers, which is the subject of further studies

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• ]. For advanced functionality under real operational conditions, various approaches have been attempted, e.g., optimization of the NP surface using targeting molecules or specific polymers [13][14][15]. From the physics point of view, the strategically tailored design of structural and magnetic

Nanoantenna structures for the detection of phonons in nanocrystals

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2646–2656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.246

• illustrated in Figure 3 where the optimized nanoantenna length L and the averaged electric field intensity are plotted as a function of the cross-arm length LH for the example of H-shaped nanoantennas with the LSPR energy fixed at 190 cm−1. Optimization was carried out in the ANSYS EM Suite software

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• the optimization of enhancement in X-ray generation from an aqueous solution flow of plasmonic gold nanoparticles under fs-double-pulse excitation in air. The optimization of the solution film surface position with respect to the focal position of irradiation was systematically investigated for the

• was additionally installed to the setup used in this study. Figure 1 shows the principle and the optimization map in the lateral plane perpendicular to the laser beam. A precision of 1 μm for the axial displacement of the solution film with respect to the incoming laser beam was achieved within less

• gold solution with an SEM image of gold nanoparticles. (c) Beam steering optimization in xy-projection for the highest yield of X-ray generation at 100 ps delay between the pre-pulse (energy E1 = 80 μJ) and the main pulse (E2 = 700 μJ). The distance between water film and Geiger counter was 15 cm, with

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• correction function and does not require modifications in the geometry definition file. In [27] the geometry of the target structure is modified by the user to compensate for height-dependent growth rate changes. 4.5.2 Proximity effect prevention To our understanding, in [27] no automatic order optimization

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

• Johannes Schneider,
• Vergil Djamiykov and
• Christian Greiner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2561–2572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.238

• sliding by a further optimization of the scale size and packing strategy. Perhaps even more importantly, friction also decreased upon texturing for lubricated contacts – at least for a wide range of sliding speeds. When testing the dry sliding performance of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) pins textured via mask

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• toxicology) for some cases, further optimization and improvement must be made. Furthermore, the fabrication of nanocellulose-based adsorbents is mostly established based on CNF, and limited when it comes to CNC. Nanocellulose-based photocatalysts Recently, numerous inorganic-organic hybrid-based

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• requires further optimization, the high importance of this method regarding the application of Si-based anode materials with low initial CE is clearly discernable. Conclusion In this study, we investigated a facile synthesis approach where Si-NPs are embedded into an amorphous carbon matrix via a

Performance analysis of rigorous coupled-wave analysis and its integration in a coupled modeling approach for optical simulation of complete heterojunction silicon solar cells

• Ziga Lokar,
• Benjamin Lipovsek,
• Marko Topic and
• Janez Krc

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2315–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.216

• with microtextures, and for simulations of complete HJ Si cells, we propose a coupled modeling approach (CMA), where the RCWA is coupled with raytracing and the transfer matrix method. By means of CMA and nanotexture optimization, we show the possible benefits of nanotextures at the front interface of

• to use RCWA for optimization of the inverted-pyramid nanotexture, and thirdly, integration in CMA and applicability of CMA for simulation of a fully encapsulated silicon heterojunction solar cell. For the combination of RT and TMM we employed the previously developed optical simulator CROWM [13][28

• simulations that contain nanotexture on the solar cell level. The simulated structure combinations are summarized in Table 1. The partial structures were analyzed in the sections “Nanoscale inverted pyramids” (texture 1), “Microscale inverted pyramids” (textures 2) and “Optimization of the nanopyramids with

Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoantennas for efficient frequency conversion at the anapole mode

• Valerio F. Gili,
• Lavinia Ghirardini,
• Davide Rocco,
• Giuseppe Marino,
• Ivan Favero,
• Iännis Roland,
• Giovanni Pellegrini,
• Lamberto Duò,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Luca Carletti,
• Andrea Locatelli,
• Aristide Lemaître,
• Dragomir Neshev,
• Costantino De Angelis,
• Giuseppe Leo and
• Michele Celebrano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2306–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.215

• SHG emission as a function of the pump polarization and angular emission of the SHG reveal that the plasmonic ring increases the pump in-coupling as well as the emission out-coupling. These results represent a step forward in the optimization of nonlinear light manipulation in dielectric

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO₂/Si₃N₄-coating

• Dirk König,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Noël Wilck,
• Birger Berghoff,
• Merlin Müller,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Giovanni Di Santo,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Joachim Mayer,
• Sean Smith and
• Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

• size) as a function of embedding SiO2- or Si3N4-thickness: (a) Si10-NC embedded in 3 ML Si3N4 after structural optimization. (b) Si10-NC embedded in 3 ML SiO2 after structural optimization. For atoms colors see Figure 1. (c) Evolution of HOMO and LUMO energies relative to vacuum energy Evac (left scale

• in the respective NWire section. (d–g) Si233(NH2)87(OH)81 approximant after structural optimization; for atom colours see Figure 1. The approximant is shown with the sum of frontier-MO densities ρMO = as iso-density plots for: (d) frontier-OMOs exclusively located in the NH2-terminated NWire section

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• only 8.7%. Despite this low coupling efficiency, the communication between the components was demonstrated. To make a viable NW photonic platform, the coupling efficiency needs to be strongly improved. The optimization of the light coupling should account for technological constraints related to the

• encapsulating spin-on-glass layer partially covering the NW is considered (used as a mechanical support for the contacts). The NW LED is buried to one half of its diameter into this spin-on-glass (SiOx) layer, and the SiNx waveguide is positioned on top of the spin-on glass. In the optimization, calculations

• ] allowed the origin of the low coupling efficiency to be identified, namely the poor vertical overlap between the NWs and the SiNx waveguide due to the spin-on-glass encapsulation and the poor coupling from the wide SiNx waveguide to the NW photodetector. Therefore, we have focused on the optimization of

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• optimization of the photo-electrodeposition process is necessary for the fabrication of efficient photocatalytic samples. For each Si nanostructure morphology, overlays of secondary-electron and backscattered-electron (collected with an in-lens mirror detector) SEM images were acquired. This overlay method

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• given to the optimization of GNS loading into the films, aiming to increasing the efficiency in bacteria and biofilm eradication under low laser power. In addition, photothermal-triggered controlled release of antibacterial compounds as a synergic effect will be also investigated. These strategies will