Prediction of Co and Ru nanocluster morphology on 2D MoS₂ from interaction energies

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 704–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.56

• neighbouring site hollow has a positive metal–metal interaction energy, while the non-equivalent site atop_Mo - hollow has an interaction energy close to zero. The latter should mean that metal atoms do not agglomerate or separate, while a positive metal–metal interaction should be indicative of a separation

• also clear evidence that Ru atoms prefer to be associated, as the lower binding energy for the triangle at site atop_S arises from the separation of the atoms. In contrast, when n = 4, Ru structures are more stable when there are minimal distortions to the geometry or the ML, or when Ru atoms

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• to the safety of vehicle driving and the experience of the driver [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The principle of operation of TENGs is the triboelectrification/contact electrification (CE) process [62][63][64]. TENGs have four working modes: the common vertical contact-separation mode, the single

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• tuning the bandgap, enlarging the surface area, enabling more efficient separation of electron–hole pairs, and enhancing the charge carrier mobility. In particular, donor–acceptor (D–A) polymers were demonstrated as a promising platform to develop high-performance photocatalysts due to their easily

• (SED) in water, which eventually produces H2 [36][37]. Accordingly, three important factors, that is, light-harvesting ability, mobility of the photogenerated charge carriers, and electron–hole separation efficiency, need to be considered simultaneously to design efficient photocatalysts. Organic

• photocatalysts with narrow bandgap and high charge carrier mobility could, therefore, facilitate light harvesting and the reduction of protons [38]. In terms of structural design, D–A polymers are a good platform to narrow the bandgap, enhance the charge carrier mobility and promote electron–hole separation

Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111)

• Abhishek Grewal,
• Yuqi Wang,
• Matthias Münks,
• Klaus Kern and
• Markus Ternes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 559–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.46

• et al. used high-resolution low-energy electron diffraction and normal incidence X-ray standing wave techniques to detect the large separation of 3.24 Å between the h-BN sheet and the topmost Cu(111) layer [29]. They found almost no height difference between B and N atoms and excluded significant

• = 100 pA and V = 10 mV. We then record the frequency shift Δf with respect to f0 while V is swept at constant tip height. Vertical stiffness: The 3D Δf data (8 × 8 × 0.27 nm3), evaluated in this work, are obtained by taking 28 2D maps at successively increased tip–sample separation (Δz = 10 pm) starting

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• surface. These defects, induced by the HV-ESD method itself, could allow for the trapping of C60 molecules and island nucleation far away from step edges. The separation distance between islands can also be small, as indicated by the white arrow and observed in several place in Figure 2b. Another

Simulation of gas sensing with a triboelectric nanogenerator

• Kaiqin Zhao,
• Hua Gan,
• Huan Li,
• Ziyu Liu and
• Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 507–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.41

• layer with very small separation distance (less than 1 mm) [25], and the effective contact area of the friction material is increased by texturing its surface [26][27] to improve its electrical output. This setup is widely applied in vertical contact separation mode [28][29], sliding mode [30][31

• that of the right-angled side. It can be concluded that the rectangular TENG is economical and can achieve good electronic output. We considered designing a TENG-based gas sensor that could be used to detect different gases under real-life conditions. When, in contact separation mode, two triboelectric

• work is helpful for the development of self-powered TENG-bases gas sensors. Charge flow in a triboelectric nanogenerator. Two-dimensional model of a contact separation TENG. Simulation diagram for (a) ds = 1 mm and (b) ds = 0.1 mm. (c) Potential difference between the outer surfaces of the upper and

Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

• Reimer Karstens,
• Thomas Chassé and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 485–496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.39

• single main component was assumed for N 1s, due to the typically small energy separation of the two chemically inequivalent nitrogen atoms (0.3 eV for FePc [56]). For C 1s, we distinguish between aromatic carbon atoms of the benzene rings (C-1) and pyrrole carbon atoms linked to nitrogen (C-2). All main

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• pairs, (iv) improved photogenerated charge transport and separation, and (v) higher reducing ability of the photogenerated electrons. The above factors affected the 4.4-fold enhancement of the photocatalytic efficiency in hydrogen evolution in comparison to the pristine catalyst. Keywords: chlorine

• with the P atom may promote the mobility of the charge carrier and facilitate the separation of the photogenerated electron–holes [34]. Another research group found that their prepared fluorinated carbon nitride has a photocatalytic activity 20.8 times higher than that of pristine PCN [30]. Wang et al

• electron delocalization, efficient charge separation, favorable retention of the crystal structure, and light-harvesting extension [37]. Here, a new procedure of PCN doping with chlorine will be revealed. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared materials was investigated in a water-splitting reaction

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• correct separation of the species is necessary to observe whether the toxicity is caused by the Ag+ ions, AgNPs, or by both. More details regarding the toxicity of the AgNPs and methods to separate the species are described in the section “Separation of AgNPs from Ag+” [135]. Synthesis of silver

• to confirm the importance to use the concentration in terms of number of particles (i.e., picomolar, pM/mL, or nanomolar, nM/mL) instead of the mass concentration (mg/L). The details of this item will be explained in the subsection “Separation of AgNPs from Ag+”. Identification and quantification of

• ]. Separation of AgNPs from Ag+: The cloud point extraction (CPE) technique was initiated by Goto et al. and it is based on the solubilization capacity and on the cloud point of nonionic surfactants [148]. At the cloud point, the instability observed in the micelles is promoted by the dehydration of the

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• separation of two semicircles in the medium- and high-frequency ranges is clearly visible only for the plots measured after the first and the second cycle, in which the SEI layer starts to form. Moreover, it is important that, before cycling, the slope angle of the inclined line in the low-frequency range

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• parameterized by the zeta potential, ζp. This repulsive double layer force is given by [14]: where d is the particle separation distance, a is the particle radius, T is the temperature of the system, e is the elementary charge, kB is Boltzmann’s constant, and ε0 and εc are vacuum permittivity and fluid

• dielectric constant, respectively. Conversely, the attractive van der Waals force is given by [14]: where the characteristic energy scale is set by the Hamaker constant, A. It is noted that Equation 1 and Equation 2 assume spherical particles of equal radius and a sufficiently small separation distance (a

• properties, determines the preferred interparticle separation distance. Ultimately, this DLVO framework is used to describe the structural evolution of colloidal particle assemblies. Aggregation in one dimension Similar to the analysis by Bejan and Wagstaff [11], we begin by examining the one-dimensional (1D

A stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator made of silver-coated glass microspheres for human motion energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications

• Hui Li,
• Yaju Zhang,
• Yonghui Wu,
• Hui Zhao,
• Weichao Wang,
• Xu He and
• Haiwu Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 402–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.32

• to nearly 200 V and 4.2 μA, respectively, at 2.5 Hz, as shown in Figure 2c-I and 2c-II. Based on Maxwell’s displacement current, with the increasing number of contact/separation cycles during a unit of time, the charge movement rate between electrode and ground is increasing. Therefore, the ISC of

• Information File 6), the S-TENG can light up 235 LEDs by the continuously padding the device in single-electrode contact-separation mode. The S-TENG also can be placed on elbow and knee joints and harvest body motion energy for wearable devices [25]. Sensing applications The S-TENG provides an effective power

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene precursors for focused electron beam-induced deposition

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Aya Mahgoub,
• Cornelis W. Hagen and
• Mats Tilset

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 257–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.21

• between the exposure points. Secondly, to characterize the growth, square arrays of 3 × 3 pillars, each pillar grown at a different dwell time, were fabricated. In each array, the pillar separation was 1 µm. Two types of arrays were deposited, one with short dwell times of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• consider now high-resolution imaging analysis. Already within the STM image in Figure 3a, we can notice lobes that differ in their apparent height. The separation between differently bright nearest neighboring lobes, which reaches approximately 0.7 nm, suggests that they originate from the same molecule

• is composed of lobes that are not equally bright. The separation of the neighboring lobes along the dashed white line located at the domain boundary (i.e., across surface reconstruction rows) reaches approximately 0.7 nm, as described above. Close inspection of the island edge at the position marked

• mentioning that the observed structure does not correspond to any known FePc crystal phase. This indicates the influence of the substrate–molecule interactions on the crystal formation in the monolayer. The bulk α-FePc phase is characterized by columns within which the separation between the centers of the

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• contact–separation mode [30][31][32], lateral-sliding mode [33][34][35], single-electrode mode [36][37], and freestanding triboelectric-layer mode [38]. As an advanced and durable energy source, TENGs have shown promising and significant features that are applied to power units in the micro- and nanoscale

• polarization direction, TENGs can have four working modes [87], including vertical contact–separation (CS) mode, in-plane lateral-sliding (LS) mode, single-electrode (SE) mode, and freestanding triboelectric-layer (FT) mode, as shown in Figure 2a. In the vertical CS mode, a stack of two dielectric films is

• ground and taken as the reference electrode. The direction of the induced electric field can be reversely changed during the approximation or separation between the bottom electrode and the upper dielectric materials. The charge exchange will occur between the bottom electrode and ground to balance the

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• adverse effects on lungs and may cause pulmonary edema, which is a condition that results in fluid build-up in the lungs [246]. Besides the exposure risk during the process, an intense separation step should be considered to remove those compounds from the synthesized nanoparticles, thus making the

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• consisting of the CNM substrate as the upper and an indium tin oxide (ITO) as the lower capacitor plate. A sample drop was placed between the two electrodes. For electrostatic experiments (drop was in contact with substrate plate only) the plate separation distance was held constant at 10 mm, while it was

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• WvdW (force FvdW) needed to bring single neutral molecules from infinite to a finite separation r correlates with the inverse of the sixth power of the distance, −C/r6 (−6C/r7) and with the different positive coefficients CKeesom, CDebye, and CLondon. This is valid for the interaction of single

• (with ncAFM smooth inorganic crystalline samples are preferred) or using Fattr instead of Fadh as in the cAFM case. Fadh takes into account the separation between the tip and the sample upon contact, which might be drastically changed due to impurities. We found that surface cleaning, which is common

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• follows the Randless–Ševčík equation, and on the calculation of the effective pinhole area (EPA), as described in detail in our previous work [18][20] and in Supporting Information File 1. For all the voltammograms of Al2O3 films on FTO (Figure 2), the voltammetric peak separation (ΔEpp) normalized to

• identified by significant changes observed in the cyclic voltammogram of the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− couple (Figure S8, Supporting Information File 1). This redox couple showed a nearly reversible behaviour in the voltammogram of bare FTO. However, the irreversibility (quantified by peak-to-peak separation) became

Kondo effects in small-bandgap carbon nanotube quantum dots

• Patryk Florków,
• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1873–1890, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.169

• periodic conditions along the circumference. When the closest quantization line misses the K point, a bandgap appears. The bandgap depends on the minimum separation of the circular quantization lines from the Dirac points. The semiconducting gaps are of the order of a few hundred millielectronvolts [9

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• nanostructures are attractive candidates for photocatalysis owing to their tunable physicochemical properties, their interfacial contact effects, and their efficacy in charge-carrier separation. This study reports, for the first time, on the synthesis of mesoporous silica@nickel phyllosilicate/titania (mSiO2

• . Although rattle-type TiO2@void@SiO2 systems could provide high dye adsorption ability, a core–shell architecture (TiO2@SiO2) provides a better separation rate of the photogenerated electrons and holes by restricting the electron–hole recombination through the close interaction of silica with the titania

• separation between the Ni 2p3/2 primary line and the satellite of less than 6 eV, which is smaller than that of nickel oxides [60][61]. The data for the mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 suggest a decrease in binding energies (Ni 2p1/2 at 872.6 eV and Ni 2p3/2 at 853 eV), possibly indicative of an interaction with TiO2 and

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• visible-light region (2.1–2.8 eV), high chemical stability, and ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties at room temperature [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Furthermore, slow electron–hole recombination as a result of efficient separation of the charge carriers has yielded an enhancement of its

• consumption of excited electrons by the electron scavenger AgNO3 and the resulting enhanced separation of electron–hole pairs [60]. Photogenerated electron holes could play an important role in the present reaction, as the addition of the electron-hole scavenger EDTA (2 mM) decreases the degradation

Absorption and photoconductivity spectra of amorphous multilayer structures

• Oxana Iaseniuc and
• Mihail Iovu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1757–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.158

• –Ge0.30As0.04S0.66–Al (hν = 2.95 eV and hν = 2.42 eV) do not depend on the polarity of the applied voltage. The presence of two maxima in the photoconductivity spectra of Al–Ge0.30As0.04S0.66–Al, located at hν = 2.95 eV and hν = 2.42 eV, indicates a probable separation of this sample into multiple phases that

Imaging and milling resolution of light ion beams from helium ion microscopy and FIBs driven by liquid metal alloy ion sources

• Nico Klingner,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Paul Mazarov,
• Wolfgang Pilz,
• Fabian Meyer and
• Lothar Bischoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1742–1749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.156

• (MOTISs) [12] or classical FIBs equipped with mass separation and liquid metal alloy ion sources working with suitable alloys containing light elements [2]. In the past, mostly heavier ions have been used in liquid metal alloy ion sources (LMAISs). A number of applications have been shown, including using

• following, the discussion will focus on the usage of GFISs and LMAISs in FIBs. GFISs are operated with highly purified helium or neon. No additional mass separation is required in the column. In a LMAIS, in contrast, the source material is a complex alloy delivering several ion species simultaneously in a

• the electric field strength of the filter perpendicular to the optical axis of the ion column. l is the filter length, D is the distance between the filter and the separation aperture at the exit of the filter, and d is the diameter of this aperture. As an example for a LMAIS mass spectrum, we show

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• with prefabricated nanostructures can be implemented in different schemes for nanoparticle control and separation in microfluidic systems [34], and as components of actuators or switches in MEMS [35][36]. Considering the future technological potential of the suggested method it is important to