Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• which controls), as part of good research output management, is necessary to maximise the reuse potential and value of the data. Instance maps have been developed and evolved to visualise experimental nanosafety workflows and to bridge the gap between the theoretical principles of FAIR (Findable

• approach and the tool are highlighted. Keywords: data collection and quality control; data provenance; experimental workflow visualisation; FAIR; nanomaterial life cycle stages; study design; Introduction The manipulation of matter at the nanoscale and the emergence of nanoscale materials, whose

• where a particular experiment has gone awry or deviated from prior results, including the case of negative data. This demonstrates that the FAIR concept is not only relevant for a secondary reuse of data. Instead, it also supports data collection and sharing in large projects from day 1, and the work

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• paragraphs the five developed individual models are briefly described. To ensure fair comparison, all models were trained and tested on identical subsets of the data. More information can be found in the respective QMRF reports, provided as Supporting Information Files 2–5 to this publication. kNN/read

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• nanostructures are great alternatives. However, the lack of in vivo studies on this matter limits their fair comparison to polymeric formulations. Overall, all assessed studies could prove that nanostructures improve curc dispersion in aqueous media (increase in apparent solubility). Altogether, we could also

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• one gold atom, and two and three methyl groups and is observed at m/z 227 and 225, 212 and 197, respectively. From these, m/z 225 is ascribed to the loss of two methyl groups and two additional hydrogens, and 197 represents Au+ (i.e., the elemental gold). Additionally, m/z 247 is observed with fair

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• chloride was purchased from B. Braun SE, Melsungen, Germany. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 10-fold solution was purchased from Fisher scientific, Fair Lawn, New Jersey, USA. Human serum albumin (Plasbumin®20) was purchased from Grifols Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Trypan blue 0.4

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• optical force, considering that the optical gradient force is directly proportional to the field enhancement. To have a fair comparison, we used the same silicon disk array which supports an out-of-plane MD resonance. This resonance can not be excited by an incident plane wave due to the symmetry

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

A new method for obtaining model-free viscoelastic material properties from atomic force microscopy experiments using discrete integral transform techniques

• Berkin Uluutku,
• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1063–1077, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.79

• simulation provides a fair approximation according to Figure 6. As the value of z increases along the real axis, the value of the retardance approaches the theoretical glassy compliance, which refers to the material’s infinitely short-timescale response (i.e., instantaneous response), and which is

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• AgNPs allowed effective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The ball milling method is an inexpensive approach for the synthesis of AgNPs in a solid state [140], and can be used for the synthesis of AgNPs in ambient temperature, with a fair control over particle size

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• %) was obtained from Acros (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), and hydrochloric acid was purchased from ZAO Uralchiminvest (Ufa, Russia) as a titration standard for the preparation of a 0.1 M solution. All chemicals were used without further purification. The solutions were prepared in distilled deionized water

A review of demodulation techniques for multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael G. Ruppert and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 76–91, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.8

• filter and direct-design method. For a fair comparison, each system is implemented on the same FPGA platform with a common sample rate. The sensitivity to unwanted frequency components for both low and high bandwidths is assessed along with implementation complexity. A final experimental comparison is

Liquid crystal tunable claddings for polymer integrated optical waveguides

• José M. Otón,
• Manuel Caño-García,
• Fernando Gordo,
• Eva Otón,
• Morten A. Geday and
• Xabier Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2163–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.209

• , only TE or TM modes (seldomly both) couple to the waveguide. Assuming that only the first two modes propagate is fair, as long as the devices are designed with proper dimensions. Inside every characteristic length, patterns having several maxima can be seen. The distance LN at which these patterns

• (1.550). The middle inset (neff = 1.544) shows one leaky mode while the other is confined with a large fraction of evanescent field. The lowest inset (1.540) shows two confined modes with a fair evanescent component. The waveguide cores are the small yellow rectangles in the lower part of each graph

• been blown up. The radiation is well confined until about neff = 2.058, allowing for the definition of a fair working region for implementing optical switches. Conclusion The extent of integration of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) is dramatically lower than that of electronic integrated circuits

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• chemical environment [2][3][4][5]. CNT gas sensors often exhibit fair sensitivity to gases even when operated at room temperature. Since their electrical conductivity is affected upon the adsorption of gases, their response is often measured as a change in resistance of a CNT film. The fact that CNT gas

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• photoelectrochemical cell properties. Figure 2a shows the thickness-dependent transmittance (T) and absorbance (A) spectra of the Co3O4 samples. Interestingly, all the Co3O4 samples exhibited fair absorbance with semitransparent optical properties. Absorbance dominates the shorter wavelengths (λ = 300–500 nm) with

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• the prepared materials for a fair comparison, thus, it is rather difficult to find any suitable reference material. The CEs determined during the long-term cycling tests are summarized in Figure 4c. The first cycle CE is ≈34% for the pure carbon matrix, whereas it amounts to ≈60% and ≈74% for the C:Si

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

• Kazuki Miyata and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

• set to 100 MHz and 100 MSPS, respectively. The design parameters of the digital filters were objectively determined using the following design guidelines to achieve fair comparison. The LPF and HPF were implemented as Butterworth filters. The gain at the stop band was restricted to less than −40 dB

• parameters were individually optimized for a 3 MHz input signal and 100 MHz clock frequency for digital signal processing. As explained in the Experimental section in detail, we implemented these parameters based on objective criteria to achieve fair comparison. For a LPF (Figure 2a(iii)), the latency is 38

• detail, the parameters used to implement the two PLLs were objectively determined by employing the same design guidelines for fair comparison. Hereafter, we refer to the two designs as the LPF and HPF designs. PD–PC units Figure 4(i) depicts the experimental setups used to measure the frequency responses

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

• distinguishable from the principal contributions under discussion. Finally, while we could state with fair confidence where the hydrogen is still attached to negative ion fragments formed from HFeCo3(CO)12 [39][40] we have no means to verify this for H2FeRu3(CO)13, this also applies to the DI spectra. Generally

• individual processes. However, here we have a fair estimation of the excess energy available as we have calculated the thermochemical thresholds for the individual processes. For the neutral Fe(CO)4 and Ru(CO)4 loss and additional CO loss the onset of the individual contributions is mostly close to the

Lyapunov estimation for high-speed demodulation in multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael G. Ruppert,
• Michael R. P. Ragazzon and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 490–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.47

• setup The Lyapunov filter as a multifrequency AFM demodulator was validated through a series of imaging experiments where it is compared side-by-side to a lock-in amplifier. To ensure a fair comparison, the demodulators were tuned to the same tracking bandwidth in both experiments. This is required as

Increasing the stability of DNA nanostructure templates by atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃ and its application in imprinting lithography

• Hyojeong Kim,
• Kristin Arbutina,
• Anqin Xu and
• Haitao Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2363–2375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.236

• ethanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), Acros Organics (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), and Decon Laboratories, Inc. (King of Prussia, PA, USA), respectively. PDMS backing stamp was fabricated with Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer kit (Dow Corning, Midland, MI, USA). All materials were used

Tailoring the nanoscale morphology of HKUST-1 thin films via codeposition and seeded growth

• Landon J. Brower,
• Lauren K. Gentry,
• Amanda L. Napier and
• Mary E. Anderson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2307–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.230

• , MO, USA). The DMSO was purged with nitrogen and passed through columns of molecular sieves. Copper(II) nitrate hemi(pentahydrate) (ACS grade) and copper(II) acetate monohydrate were received from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Absolute, anhydrous ethyl alcohol (200 proof, ACS/USP grade) was

High-speed dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy imaging of polymers: an adaptive multiloop-mode approach

• Juan Ren and
• Qingze Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1563–1570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.158

• during the imaging. Tapping at 30% of the free vibration of 120 nm was chosen so that the tapping motion of the cantilever was maintained and the corresponding mean TM-deflection was closely around zero, thereby, minimizing the corresponding mean vertical probe–sample interaction force. To make a fair

A review of demodulation techniques for amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Michael G. Ruppert,
• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael R. P. Ragazzon,
• S. O. Reza Moheimani and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1407–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.142

• a fair comparison, a widely used digital signal processing system (LabVIEW) is used and the implementations are unified to a common sample rate. The performance metrics are tracking bandwidth, implementation complexity, sensitivity to other frequency components and total integrated noise of the

• makes it an accessible FPGA tool without the need for knowledge of hardware description languages. For a fair comparison and to rule out varying amounts of quantization noise, all demodulation methods are run at a normalized sample frequency of fs = 300 kHz. However, this may not do full justice to the

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications

• Chiara Schiattarella,
• Sten Vollebregt,
• Tiziana Polichetti,
• Brigida Alfano,
• Ettore Massera,
• Maria Lucia Miglietta,
• Girolamo Di Francia and
• Pasqualina Maria Sarro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1015–1022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.102

• different sites of the graphene film. As can be seen in Figure 2, the spectra display a fair uniformity. In particular, the arising of the D (ca. 1350 cm−1) and D′ (ca. 1600 cm−1) bands is related to presence of defects and in particular the D intensity, roughly 5-fold lower than that of the G peak, attests

The role of 2D/3D spin-polarization interactions in hybrid copper hydroxide acetate: new insights from first-principles molecular dynamics

• Ziyad Chaker,
• Guido Ori,
• Mauro Boero and
• Carlo Massobrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 857–860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.86

• pressure. The configuration with S = 8 becomes more stable than the one with S = 0 for pressures of ca. 3 GPa (Figure 1b), in fair agreement with the experimental findings (ca. 1.2 GPa) [4]. Notably, the AF-to-F transition pressure is closer to the experimental value than the one found in previous