Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• Abstract The human eye, with its remarkable resolution of up to 576 million pixels, grants us the ability to perceive the world with astonishing accuracy. Despite this, over 2 billion people globally suffer from visual impairments or blindness, primarily because of the limitations of current ophthalmic

• treatment technologies. This underscores an urgent need for more advanced therapeutic approaches to effectively halt or even reverse the progression of eye diseases. The rapid advancement of nanotechnology offers promising pathways for the development of novel ophthalmic therapies. Notably, photothermal

• nanomaterials, particularly well-suited for the transparent tissues of the eye, have emerged as a potential game changer. These materials enable precise and controllable photothermal therapy by effectively manipulating the distribution of the thermal field. Moreover, they extend beyond the conventional

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• sample shows significant scaling, small amounts of deposits are visible by the naked eye on the SNF-coated sample. This is also visible in the SEM images shown in Figure 6B. An EDX analysis of the scale clearly shows that the grown deposits mainly consist of calcium carbonate (Figure 6C). For a

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• alkaloid used to regulate heart rate and treat eye ailments [9][10], is one such antidote. Despite its advantages, Atr has limitations in the treatment of OP poisoning. First, it can be harmful in high doses, and timely administration is vital to prevent permanent damage. Additionally, Atr itself can

• dilution was tested in two parallel wells. The samples were then incubated for 1 h at 37 °C, followed by hemagglutination observation with the naked eye (Figure 3) [39]. Images of the samples were captured using a Nikon Eclipse Ci-S microscope (Nikon, Japan) (Figure 4). Data for p(Hist-CA): (a, b) TEM

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• observation of the mucilage envelope is easily possible at the macroscale with the naked eye. The hydration of the seed causes the formation of a transparent gel-like envelope surrounding the diaspore [7][73][74] (Figure 1), which is easily observable. Air-drying of hydrated mucilage causes water evaporation

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• the honeybee, a special microscale hairy compliant texture on abdominal surfaces reduces friction, which is relevant considering that the abdominal sections, by undergoing many reciprocating motions, are at risk of wear or abrasion [50]. Ocular hairs in honeybees reduce airflow at the eye surface by

• multiple objects simultaneously [85][86]. They also hold potential for endoscopic examination [87] and robot navigation [88]. Recently, an innovative microfluidic-assisted 3D printing technique has facilitated the creation of a compound eye inspired by eyes of worker bees [89]. This innovative perspective

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• , centrifuged AuNR11.0 detected only copper (Cu2+) upon adding NaOH (30–50 µL) to the nanoparticles of 1 OD (Figure 6d–f). The colorimetric changes could be observed by the naked eye (Figure 6d–f). There were no visual differences in the centrifuged AuNR11.0 plasmonic absorbance in the absence and presence of

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• , situated on the foreleg tibiae, were observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the presence and distribution of resilin, an elastomeric protein that enhances cuticle flexibility, were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Eye and antennal grooming behavior were analyzed to evaluate the

• confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The eye and antennal grooming behavior of the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden, 1820) adults (Odonata, Coenagrionidae) was observed and analyzed to evaluate the particle removal efficiency in intact and ablated insects. Material and Methods Insects

• , Italy) containing irregularly shaped particles (34.5 ± 3.5 µm), previously used in experiments on other insects for the same purpose [28]. In detail, in each experiment, insect antennae or eyes were covered with the powder by gently inserting each antenna or each eye of the live insect into a pipette

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• line profile taken across a ribbon (black). (a,b) Calculated LCPD maps at distances of s = 0.2 and 1.0 nm from the GNR plane. (c) values on GNR/Au (blue squares) versus distance in comparison with calculated local potential values (black squares). The dashed black line serves as a guide to the eye

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• controlled amygdalin release, with an increased cytotoxic effect on cancerous cells while sparing normal cells and tissues. Alginate nanoparticles can be applied to ocular DDSs [91]. Kianersi and coworkers investigated alginate-based nanoparticles for betamethasone sodium phosphate delivery in the human eye

• [80]. According to the literature, less than 5% of the conventional medication reaches the targeted eye tissue. This emphasizes the need to invent a DDS that stays on the surface of the eye and ensures continuous drug release, increasing the bioavailability of the medication and reducing the need for

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• Gaussian lines on the histograms are guides to the eye. The specific maximum load capacity confidence interval of PSI and PSI + salt scaffolds. The elongation at breakpoint values of PSI and PSI + salt scaffolds. * indicates the significant difference between the two groups (Welch’s correction, *p < 0.05

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• mammalian whiskers [79]. These bristles are hypothesized to act as tactile sensors and may aid in prey handling, collision avoidance, foraging, or navigation, as well as provide eye protection [80][81]. Bats are the only mammals capable of powered flight. Their wing membrane is covered with short hairs

• Loc (beaver). (B) The eye of a sheep. Scale bar represents 10 mm. (C) The eye of a fruit fly and (i) close-up of its ommatidia. Scale bars represent 200 µm and (i) 20 µm, respectively. (D) Green microalgae and (i) close-up of its flagellum with mastigonemes. Scale bars represent 10 µm and (i) 1 µm

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• array was performed by eye using the same field of view (8 μm) each time. As this is rather large, it is reasonable to assume that when the experiment was repeated for confirmation, even assuming that the deposits were identical, etching might have taken place at a somewhat different location in each

• result is encouraging because it suggests that if the sidewall evolution could somehow be monitored, one could begin etching at an arbitrary position (within a certain range, still determined by eye) and stop when the desired profile is attained. To demonstrate this, in the following experiment, SE

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• ). Dotted lines serve as guides to the eye. Hysteresis loops in approach (filled symbols) and retraction (open symbols) Δf and I traces. Variations Δf(Δz) on (a) pristine graphene as well as atop (b) the defect-1 boundary and (c) its interior. The zero of Δf in (a) is marked Δz0 and corresponds to the point

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• structures. Although these structures may not be visible to the naked eye, they certainly have a visible impact on the mentioned applications. Nanopatterning is a very delicate procedure that is only possible with special techniques such as ion beam sputtering (IBS), with which one can achieve nanostructures

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• , and M3 completely rely on particle edge detection by the human eye, which is the most accurate detection method assuming good laboratory practice. Methods M1, P1, and P6 rely on automated particle detection, the former using a model-free sizing algorithm and the latter two using a sizing algorithm

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• fluence) and the lowest bound for the number of craters formed on DNA origami nanotriangles deposited on Si upon 56Fe10+ irradiation at various fluences in vacuum. Lines to guide the eye for the figures in (A) and (B) are shown to demonstrate the effect of the fluence. AFM image of a Si surface deposited

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• can be completed in 30 min and the presence of E. coli levels can be distinguished with the naked eye. The absorbance at 652 nm is proportional to pathogen concentration from 10 to 108 CFU·mL−1, with a detection limit of 10 CFU·mL−1. The percent recovery for the water samples spiked with E. coli is 95

• modifications to increase its solubility [7]. Due to its low cost, simplicity, fast response, and the lack of expensive equipment required, the peroxidase-like activity has garnered significant attention in the detection of harmful microorganisms. The naked eye can easily observe the blue hue resulting from the

• popular and appealing since the presence of a specific pathogen can be easily observed by a simple change in color, which can be distinguished easily with the naked eye eliminating any use of expensive and complex types of equipment [29][30][31]. In this research, we provide a novel and highly sensitive

unDrift: A versatile software for fast offline SPM image drift correction

• Tobias Dickbreder,
• Franziska Sabath,
• Lukas Höltkemeier,
• Ralf Bechstein and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1225–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.101

• , thus, hard to recognize by eye. Based on the autocorrelation function, however, unDrift can extract unit cell dimensions even from images with such weak contrast. The different dimensions of the unit cells extracted here (see red quadrangles in Figure 4j,k) reveal that these raw-data images are

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• over other POCT techniques, there is always a demand for improvement because LFAs are insufficient to detect analytes at low concentrations (i.e., below ng/mL) [9]. At such low concentrations, the change of colour of the test line cannot be distinguished by the naked eye. LFAs give a test result with

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• etched and then used for mass production. One of the most common examples of commercialized TDD microneedles are over-the-counter anti-aging eye patches. Anti-aging eye patches consisting of 200–2000 dissolvable conical microneedles. These dissolvable microneedles are typically a variant of crosslinked

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• quenching and self-quenching, however, has been virtually eliminated in MOFs since lanthanide ions are entrenched in the network of organic ligands. So strong is the luminescence produced by lanthanides in MOFs that it can even be seen with the naked eye. Also, actinide-containing MOFs exhibit luminescent

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• PMC simulation the overall flux seems to be much more homogeneous. A careful eye might also note some faint patterning in the colours of the PMC results. As the colour scale for Figure 7 spans a large range, we can look to a more convenient visualization in Figure 8. Here we have clipped the colour

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• medium [74]. Since NPs are exposed to various forces that affect their stability and size in such environments (containing electrolytes, proteins and lipids), they may tend to collapse and aggregate. Although no aggregation and turbidity were observed during the preparation stage with the naked eye and