Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• sources of lead exposure [4]. Through contaminated food or drink or through mouth-to-mouth contact, lead can enter the body. Standard techniques for determining lead content involve the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) [5] and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) [6]. Although

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• before and after reaction at high temperature and pressure. Quadrupole mass spectrometry data of H2O as byproduct and the hydrocarbons ethane (m/z 30), propane (m/z 44), and hexane (m/z 86), confirmed that Fischer–Tropsch synthesis has occurred and demonstrated the abilities of the setup. Further

• cobalt nanoparticle catalysts on an aluminum oxide support, industrially relevant in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The catalysts are imaged before and after reaction at 430 K as the current maximum temperature of the qPlus sensor used falls just below the reaction temperature. Quadrupole mass

• spectrometry data show the reaction taking place by monitoring product gases during heating and cooling of the sample under CO and H2 gas pressures of 2 bar. The monitored gases include H2O as byproduct and the hydrocarbons ethane (m/z = 30), propane (m/z = 44), and hexane (m/z = 86), which all show increases

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• normalized to the geometric area of the cathode and the mass of gold, which we obtained from digesting the electrodes in aqua regia and collecting inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data. We note that only gold was quantified, as carbon has a Z number that is too low for ICP-MS detection [68

• . Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurements were conducted at the University of Rochester Medical Center. A Perkin Elmer NexION 2000 system featuring multielement detection and parts per billion/parts per trillion sensitivity was used. The gold nanoparticle–carbon fiber paper composites were

Precursor sticking coefficient determination from indented deposits fabricated by electron beam induced deposition

• Alexander Kuprava and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 35–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.4

• ]. A molecular beam gun equipped with a shutter was used in conjunction with mass spectrometry. The sticking coefficient was deduced from the measured drop in the spectrometer signal upon opening the shutter. In [17][19] the sticking coefficient was determined at different substrate temperatures and a

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• heavy metal ion monitoring in environmental samples involve complex analytical instrumental techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography [8][9]. Environmental remediation of P-NP requires processes such as

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• developed to detect ENR, including microbiological methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [6], chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), chromatography (HPLC, UPLC), [3][7][8], flow immunochromatographic assays [9], and fluorescence measurements [10]. However, these methods have high

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• under steady-state conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mass spectrometry data from monolayer thick films of Pt(CO)2Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2 exposed to 3 keV Ar+, He+, and H2+ ions indicate that deposition is initiated by the desorption of both CO ligands, a process ascribed to momentum

• , and mass spectrometry to identify the volatile species produced by ion beam irradiation. Insights from these studies have been used to rationalize the composition of thin films formed by ion-induced deposition of Pt(CO)2Cl2 in the presence of Ar+ irradiation under steady-state deposition conditions

• monitor changes in the Pt oxidation state. Peak fitting for the Pt 4f and Br 3d peaks was performed with 60/40 Gaussian/Lorentzian line shapes, GL(40), in CasaXPS [21][57][58]. Mass spectrometry, using a Pfeiffer QMS 200 mass analyzer, was used to identify the evolved species resulting from ion

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• adsorbed on the SiO2NPs, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used. The proteins were separated in SDS-PAGE as described limiting the protein run to only enter in the beginning of the resolving gel. Then, the gel was stained with Coomassie brilliant blue, and the unique bands

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• the formation mechanism of the interfacial silver layer deserves further in-depth studies, which are beyond the scope of this article. These studies would involve surface science approaches using mass spectrometry and/or other spectroscopic techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• was monitored in ultrahigh vacuum by mass spectrometry, leading to the detection of both gaseous CO and CH4 species [45]. The production of these two volatile species is ascribed to two different processes: (i) for CH4 the removal of trapped species and (ii) for CO the electron-induced hydration of

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• liquid chromatography [8], liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry [9], and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [10]. These approaches require complex handling procedures. Electrochemical techniques have been considered as a robust alternative for URI and HYP sensing because of their simplicity

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• yields found during laser mass spectrometry measurements were higher for fs-LRL than for ns-LRL, indicating that femtosecond irradiation enhances chemical reactions of the solvent, possibly caused by laser-induced shockwaves or optical breakdown of the liquid. The decomposition of isopropyl alcohol was

• mass spectrometry of irradiated organic solvents [117][119]. Long-chained polyynes, however, cannot be formed this way and, hence, require follow-up reactions of the short cumulenes [119][135][136][137]. The difference between the proposed mechanisms for ns-LAL and fs-LAL is that Tsuji et al. [132

• reported the formation of CH4, C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 during ns-LAL [106] (Figure 7a). Similar results (but for a totally different LSPC process) were published by Tangeysh et al., who performed fs-LRL of copper salts in acetonitrile, propionitrile, and benzonitrile. Besides the formation of methane, mass

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• Scientific, USA) in the range of 400–4000 cm−1. The X-ray diffractometer patterns were characterized by the X-ray diffractometer (D8 ADVANCE, Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). The iron and manganese concentrations were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‒MS) (7800, Agilent, Santa

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• 700 mg TPA was isolated from each culture batch. The reproducibility of each TPA extract composition was routinely screened by phosphate content [75] and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry [76] and ordered according to decrescent abundance as archaeol analog methyl ester of

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• the effect of the modified ligand architecture. The formation of volatile products formed by electron-induced fragmentation of the precursor adsorbed on a Ta surface held at 100 K was monitored by mass spectrometry. This was done either during electron irradiation in an electron-stimulated desorption

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• photodegradation were evaluated by using dual liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) after the MB solution samples were illuminated for 0, 60, 120, and 180 min. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of MB solution samples was assessed after 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min of light exposure. Result and

• of CF/GQDs and reused CF/GQDs. Proposed intermediates in MB degradation monitored by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry recorded at 180 min (tested concentration: 10 ppm). Mechanism of MB degradation over the CF/GQDs catalyst. Precursor compositions for cobalt ferrite samples

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• was dissolved in 5 mL of the aforementioned solution at physiological temperature of 37 °C for 1 h. The final amount of DCS was analyzed and calculated by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The remaining percentages (RP%) of DCS were calculated by the following formula

• analyzed by LC-MS/MS to determine the amount of DCS. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for DCS analysis The stationary phase of liquid chromatography (LC) was a 5 µm C18 column from Thermo Fisher Scientific (15 cm × 4.6 mm). The mobile phase A was comprised of acetonitrile (Merck

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• measurements for E171 using EM investigations and the comparison with optical properties, SSA, and single-particle inductively coupled mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) to accompany the reported EM results. An overview covering industrially applied measurement methods for pigments and fillers is given in the JRC

• log-normal assumption. The probability p that the particle size distribution is not log-normal is given in Table 2 together with the results of the fits. Indirect particle size measurements and optical properties Single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) measurements are

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• . [26] under the term focused-electron-beam-induced mass spectrometry (FEBiMS). In this approach, ion-extraction mass spectrometry, in close proximity to the forming FEBID structure, is used to analyze the charged, desorbing ligand fragments. Another approach in this direction is to combine ultrahigh

• -vacuum (UHV) surface science studies and mass spectrometry in high-vacuum (HV) gas-phase investigations [27][28]. In this context, surface science experiments allow for electron-dose-dependent studies of the elemental composition of the deposit, and desorbing ligands may be monitored by means of mass

• and through reductive halogen removal using atomic hydrogen [58]. In an early study by Spencer et al. [57], 0.7 nm layers of Pt(CO)2Cl2 were exposed to 500 eV electrons and desorbing ligands were monitored by mass spectrometry, while the development of the deposit was monitored using XPS. It was found

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• Figure S11, Supporting Information File 1) [30][52][55]. TGA curves in inert atmosphere can be found in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S12. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to assess quantitatively the precipitation of the cations. It confirmed a Co/Al ratio of

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• , Luxembourg Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hillsboro, OR, 97124, USA 10.3762/bjnano.14.68 Abstract Ion beam processes related to focused ion beam milling, surface patterning, and secondary ion mass spectrometry require precision and control. Quality and cleanliness of the sample are also crucial factors

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• insecticide is malathion, which kills insects such as fleas and ants that attack plants. Malathion has been detected so far using chromatography [4][5], colorimetry [6], and mass spectrometry [7], although these methods are complicated and time-consuming and require expensive equipment with specialized

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• spectrometry (LC–MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) have demonstrated greater selectivity and lower variability when compared to immunoassays for the measurement of antibiotics and steroid hormones in various complex samples [22][23

• , multistep separation procedure. A fluorescence polarisation immunoassay, which does not require a separation step, is one development that has been made to get around this restriction [22]. Furthermore, chromatographic techniques such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), liquid chromatography-coupled mass

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• fluorescence spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These techniques are complex, expensive, and require experts to carry them out. Also, they often require several pretreatment steps with high-cost materials [10][11]. Electronic tongues are a category of liquid sensors that

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• approach is that accounting for substrate contributions or proving the full availability of the NAT can be difficult and laborious. Alternatively, chromatographic and size-exclusion techniques, elemental analysis, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [60] mass spectrometry [61] can be effective if the