Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• monolayers (SAMs) and conducting AFM [10]. The authors find that rougher surfaces lead to stronger variations in conductivity, and it is suggested that a correlation of topography and conductivity maps is carried out to identify suitable areas for a representative averaging of conductivity values. Müller et

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• photogenerated carriers and have the potential to advance related device applications. Results and Discussion Out-of-plane polarization of 3R WSe2 Precisely controlling the stacking angle of two monolayers in TMDs can modify the symmetry and induce unique physical properties. Depending on the stacking order

• angle of two monolayers of WSe2. The crystal structures of 3R WSe2 leads to the breaking of OOP symmetry, confirmed by SHG measurements. Subsequently, the bulk photovoltaic effect in the graphene/3R WSe2/graphene vertical heterojunction was confirmed through the output characteristic curve and

• monolayers of WSe2 were aligned at a 0° angle to form the 3R phase. The graphene/3R WSe2/graphene heterojunctions were aligned and assembled onto a SiO2/Si substrate by the all-dry transfer method. Au/Cr (50/10 nm) electrodes were patterned using standard electron-beam lithography (EBL, Raith 150 Two) and

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• 2004, the unique properties of two-dimensional materials have sparked intense research interest regarding their use as alternative materials in various photonic applications. Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers have been proposed as transport layers in photovoltaic cells, but the promising

• reported in [33] for an SnS monolayer across the direct absorption edge at 1.3–1.5 eV, rendering it potentially applicable in solar cells and photodetectors. Similarly, Huang et al. [34] showed that a band transition (from indirect to direct) occurs in SnSe2 when moving from bulk to monolayers, elucidating

• its application potential in optoelectronic devices. More group IV–VI dichalcogenides have been discussed in [35][36][37][38][39][40] for different applications. Although some inceptive work has been done using monolayers of metal dichalcogenides, there are still plenty of opportunities to explore. In

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• 24 h of incubation. The msalt is the calculated mass of the salts in a scaffold disc (6 mm in diameter). In vitro cell studies Cell cultures An osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63, ECACC 86051601) and skin fibroblasts (155BR, ECACC 90011809), both of human origin, were cultured as monolayers at 37 °C and 5

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• temperature. The deposition process was monitored by the QMS, and the integrated QMS signal was used to calculate the QA coverage θQA. It is given in numbers of monolayers (ML) of the α-phase, as explained in detail in [23]. A more detailed description of the experimental procedures can be found in [23]. The

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• 30 min at 37 °C. Then, cells were washed with PBS, and the fluorescence intensity of whole cells was measured using a Cytation™ 5 instrument at λex = 490 nm and λem = 520 nm. Confocal microscopy was performed to study the morphology of HUVECs. Briefly, after incubation, cell monolayers were washed

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• A) and using the EAL in Fe (see section Experimental), the TaNNN signal would approach baseline levels for a deposit thickness of the order of 2 nm (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). This corresponds to roughly ten monolayers of Fe [56]. The increase of the FeLMM AES intensity can be used

• for the attenuation of the TaNNN signal, which reaches up to 50% in the case of Fe(CO)4MA (Figure 6d). Such an attenuation would indicate a surface coverage of roughly 0.3 nm of iron (one to two monolayers [56]) or 0.5 nm of carbon assuming a homogeneous thickness according to scenario A (Supporting

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• symmetry for a monolayer (A1g for bulk). These modes are located around 385 and 405 cm−1, respectively, in neutral and defect-free MoS2 monolayers [33][34]. More precisely, in MoS2 multilayers, the symmetries of these phonon modes are E′ and A′1 for an odd number of layers, and Eg and A1g for an even

• A1g and E12g modes, occurs when the spectra are excited at an energy close to those of the A and B excitons located around 655 nm (1.89 eV) and 601 nm (2.06 eV), respectively, in MoS2 monolayers [35][36]. When the incident laser energy is in the range of the A and B exciton energies (the so-called

• monotonically, reversibly, and quasi-linearly with Pλ (see inset of Figure 1). For MoS2, we found an increase rate of 25–30 °C/mW for monolayers (1L-MoS2) and 40–45 °C/mW for bilayers (2L-MoS2). Usual effects of sample heating are the frequency shift of the phonon modes and their concomitant broadening. In

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander E. Lukyanov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19

• quasi-one-dimensional single crystals composed of weakly bound MoSe chains and sodium atoms [14]. Similarly, experiments with TaS2 monolayers have demonstrated an anomalous boost in superconductivity, which is also attributed to a presence of significant structural disorder [15]. Disorder-related

• effects have been implicated in the observed increase of the critical temperature in recently discovered NbSe2 superconducting monolayers [16]. Theoretical investigations attribute this enhancement to the disorder-induced multifractal structure of electronic wave functions [17][18], as revealed through

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• cytotoxicity test revealed that the BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffold did not induce any changes in morphology and proliferation of MA-104 cell monolayers. It suggests that the BBR/PLA and BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds can be used in different biomedical applications, such as wound dressing, drug delivery

• of BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds Microbiological associates-104 (MA-104) cell monolayers were cultured with the BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffold, which was cut and fitted to the bottom of the wells of a plastic 96-well plate filled with DMEM. The cells were incubated for 120 h and photographed under

• a microscopy at each time interval. Figure 7 shows the microscopic examination of MA-104 cells incubated with and without the presence of BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds for 120 h. The normal MA-104 monolayers (Figure 7a) homogeneously grew with regular dimensions in a polygonal shape. It can be

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• /Si; conductive atomic force microscopy; dodecanethiol; self-assembled monolayers; Introduction For decades, the need for miniaturization of electronics has pushed the research field into the direction of bottom-up, rather than top-down, approaches. In this research field, molecular electronics [1][2

• -assembled monolayers (SAMs) a perfect test bed for studies on molecular layers. With the idea of molecular electronics in mind, most studies have been aimed at studying the conductivity of SAMs. In previous studies, the contacting of SAMs has been achieved in various ways [4]. We focus here on the

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• (e.g., Caco-2 monolayers, or HT29-MTX-E12 cells, or an in vitro model of a rat everted intestinal sac) the Papp values are higher for NPs with higher Young’s moduli [40]. The blood glucose levels of diabetic rats treated by gavage with insulin or insulin-loaded NPs of different Young’s moduli were

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• of heavy metal concentrations are given in Table 1. HK-2 cells were utilized to determine the toxicity in this study using cell viability as the endpoint. HK-2 cells are a sensitive model for examining renal cytotoxicity. They grow in monolayers and are suitable for studying the proximal tubular

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• instruments as well as thermally stable samples that do not decompose under sublimation during sample preparation. By contrast, STM at the solid/liquid interface is efficient for various sample types and requires only a simple apparatus [24]. Physisorbed monolayers at the solid/liquid interface have been

• extensively studied for revealing the supramolecular interactions in the formation of self-assembled monolayers [29][30][31][32][33][34]. Several intermolecular interactions take place at the solid/liquid interface that should be taken into account for the controlled molecular organization in two dimensions

• monolayers can be prepared by simply placing the sample solution on a freshly cleaved HOPG surface. The self-assembly at the solid/liquid interface is characterized by the following properties: (i) The correlation between the molecular structure and resultant 2D arrangements can be revealed by STM with high

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. We examined several different species that have been used to produce NHC-based monolayers on gold, namely 1,3-diisopropyl-5-nitrobenzimidazolium iodide, 1,3-diisopropyl-5-nitrobenzimidazolium hydrogen carbonate, bis(1,3-diisopropyl-5-nitrobenzimidazolium)gold(I

• but also the potential for deliberate etching, with the outcome determined by choice of chemically synthesized organic species and solvent. Keywords: gold etchant; microfabrication; N-heterocyclic carbenes; self-assembled monolayer (SAM); thin films; Introduction Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are

• conditions that the thiol-linked monolayer can be exposed to, prompting the development of alternative surface linking chemistry [12]. N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based monolayers have received increasing attention for their reported stability under a variety of harsh conditions [11][13][14][15][16]. Indeed

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• developed system. The substrate was prepared from Ag NPs by decorating the surface of porous silicon with Ag NPs using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The SAM method offers precise control, versatility, simplicity, stability, and compatibility, making it a valuable technique for surface modification in

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• size. If one desires a sample aimed at an application where flake thickness is critical and monolayers and bilayers are preferable, at a first glance, this would be the SC6 sample. However, much more information can be obtained using the procedures proposed by the authors of [24]. As discussed by

• 2D shape, that is, the flakes are more plate-like than those of all other samples. All this makes this sample appropriate for applications in which monolayers and bilayers are required and flakes are all similar in a narrow range of 2D shapes. The SC1 sample with more water added to the sample

• medium is critical and few layers are required without the need for most flakes being monolayers, butanone is a good option. Triton X-100 is also a widely employed surfactant for LPE. Since it is a nonionic surfactant, it is compatible with materials with surface charges. It is less expensive than SC and

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

• Fernanda R. Leivas and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

• monolayers of graphene and MoS2 [43][44]. Another advantage of the cone format is the possibility of capturing more water at the larger diameter entrance, without losing the high flow at the reduced diameter in other parts of the cone. As the example of the Namibian desert beetle shows, the introduction of

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• MCF-7 human breast cell line was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC®). This cell line was at passage 4 when used in the study and was routinely cultured on monolayers at 80% confluence in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's high glucose medium (DMEM), supplemented with 10% of fetal

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• devices, radioactive cooling devices, field-effect transistors, infrared acousto-optic deflectors, and even for antifungal activity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Several chemical and physical methods have been recently developed to synthesize Te-based nanostructures, such as monolayers (MLs), nanoparticles (NPs

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• modified QCM sensors [29]. The sensor layers were constructed by self-assembly of ʟ(ᴅ)-Val monolayers or comb-teeth-type grafted polymer brushes with ʟ(ᴅ)-Val. According to the frequency shifts upon bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption, ʟ-Val-modified sensors were shown to have a stronger binding to BSA

• specific recognition and selective functions in enzymatic reactions and metabolic processes [30]. Therefore, they may also be suitable as chiral selectors in QCM sensing systems. Zhang and Ng et al. successfully fabricated rapid and real-time QCM biosensors based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of

• , Xu et al. studied real-time chiral recognition of CD films to isomers in the gas phase [69]. Based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations, functional β-CDs with a short sulfide group were inclined to form monolayers. In contrast, those with long sulfide groups produced a quasi-two-layer

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95