Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• of DDR either through autophagy modulation or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition could provide a better therapeutic response [6][7]. Recently, nanomedicine has shown immense potential/efficacy in the treatment of chemoresistant tumors by providing improved molecular targeting, better

• supported by the funding obtained from the Indo–US Joint Centre of Nanomedicine for Head & Neck Cancer/34-2012/2015-16. Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• to enhance the photoacoustic signals and minimize the laser-induced photothermal and photochemical damages [203]. Gels with internally embedded AgCu2O nanoparticles were applied for the treatment of fungal keratitis, and the residence time of the nanomedicine and the corneal therapeutic effect were

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• delve into the intriguing potential of nanomedicine in neurology and traumatology, associated with macrophage interaction, and the exciting possibilities it holds for the future. Keywords: drug delivery; macrophages; nanomedicine; polarization; RNA-based therapies; Review 1 Introduction In the vast

• nanomedicine landscape, the design and development of nanocarriers (NCs) for precise drug delivery are a pivotal innovation. NCs address significant pharmacological challenges, such as enhancing drug solubility, ensuring specific distribution, and facilitating the crossing of biological barriers [1]. Tailoring

• characteristics [13][14]. This dynamic and complex spectrum of macrophage activity features nuanced challenges and opportunities in leveraging macrophage responses to enhance the therapeutic potential of NCs. Recent research has highlighted the dual role of macrophages in the context of nanomedicine. While their

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• development of nanotechnology and the emergence of composite zeolite materials have opened up unprecedented opportunities for their application in nanomedicine [47]. The unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles allow them to be used for targeted drug delivery and visualization of internal organs [48

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• approaches in unraveling the complex mechanisms of intracellular trafficking. Further in vivo validation is necessary to confirm the efficacy of SO in various therapeutic nanotherapies, potentially broadening its application in nanomedicine. This work provides a robust framework for the rational design of

• delivery and nanomedicine. Experimental Materials The lipids 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC, CAS No. 18194-24-6), 16:0 Liss Rhod PE (rhodamine B-PE, CAS No. 384833-01-6), NBD-PE (CAS No. 384832-99-9), and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE, CAS No. 4004-05-1) were

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• vacated space is quickly occupied by neighboring components of the medium, as a result of which the composition of the soft corona is constantly changing, even when a NP suspension is stirred [8][9]. As data accumulate on the role of the protein corona in the implementation of nanomedicine, researchers

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• interdisciplinary approach is to integrate advances in biotechnology, nanomaterials, biomedical robotics, and genetic engineering into the broader field of nanomedicine. On a larger scale, the application of nanotechnology in medicine enhances efficiency, accelerates processes, and improves functional performance

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• ; intranasal delivery; liposomes; nanomedicine; nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs); polymer nanoparticles; RNA delivery; solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs); Introduction The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord and is considered the body’s processing and control center. While

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• range of uses in the fields of electrocatalysis, bioimaging, chemical sensors, biosensors, nanomedicine, biomolecule/drug release, light-emitting diodes, and photocatalysts. They also have promising applications in areas such as lasers and optoelectronic device applications [2][3][4][5]. CDs can be

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• characteristics made TA attractive to nanomaterial synthesis and functionalization for applications in nanomedicine, sensors, electronics, and composites [25][26][27]. In these different fields, TA has been applied in green alternative methods of GO synthesis and physicochemical modifications (e.g., reduction and

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• , Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5), only 1.1 mg·mL–1 of non-functionalized SiO2NPs were removed from the dispersion while 8.0 mg·mL–1 of SiO2NPs-ZW-FO were captured by the beads with this receptor. Nanoparticle colloidal stability and protein corona formation One of the main challenges in nanomedicine

• of these proteins, which is crucial for applying these NPs in nanomedicine, as such proteins contribute to NPs clearance from the body, as mentioned earlier. While ZW had a favorable effect by increasing the amount of dysopsonins and decreasing opsonins, it also contributed to the aggregation of

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• Andre F. Lima Giselle Z. Justo Alioscka A. Sousa Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.15.98 Abstract Ultrasmall nanoparticles (usNPs) have emerged as promising theranostic tools in cancer nanomedicine. With sizes comparable to

• with targeting ligands (i.e., small molecules, peptides, or antibodies) that bind to overexpressed receptors within the tumor microenvironment. Despite the promise of nanomedicine, neither passive nor active delivery strategies have significantly improved clinical therapeutic outcomes for solid tumors

• last decade, a special class of inorganic NPs, termed ultrasmall NPs (usNPs), has attracted increased attention in the field of cancer nanomedicine [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. This increased focus is attributed to their unique physicochemical properties, biological functionalities, and physiological

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• ), LAPTIAB 1, PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), LAPTIAB 1, PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia 10.3762/bjnano.15.89 Abstract Over recent decades, nanomedicine has

• ingredients. Cancer nanomedicine represents the most extensively studied nanotechnology application in the field of pharmaceutics and pharmacology since the first nanodrug for cancer treatment, liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®), has been approved by the FDA. The advancement of cancer nanomedicine and its

• enormous technological success also included various other target diseases, including hepatic fibrosis. This confirms the versatility of nanomedicine for improving therapeutic activity. In this review, we summarize recent updates of nanomedicine platforms for improving therapeutic efficacy regarding liver

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• high importance [19]. Particularly, cellular adhesion and a controlled immunological response are key features of any artificial device for being effectively implanted [20]. Additionally, responsive surfaces represent the last frontier in nanomedicine, and they require the exchange of signals and

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• excretion. Finally, we discuss requirements for bringing NPs into clinical use and aspects when it comes to usage of complex and slowly degraded or nondegradable NPs. Keywords: biodegradable; biodistribution; endocytosis; extracellular vesicles; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; Introduction Nanoparticles (NPs

• modify the NP synthesis, and which drugs to use to maximize the possibilities for successful use in nanomedicine. How stable should the NPs be under different physiological conditions to reach their target and then exert their action? To which extent can we make particles that both stimulate immune

When nanomedicines meet tropical diseases

• Eder Lilia Romero,
• Katrien Van Bocxlaer and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 830–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.69

• Eder Lilia Romero Katrien Van Bocxlaer Fabio Rocha Formiga Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876 Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School

• ; Chagas disease; leishmaniasis; nanomedicine; nanotechnology; neglected tropical diseases; schistosomiasis; In May 2021, the World Health Assembly from the World Health Organization (WHO) decided to officially recognize January 30th as the World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day. This initiative was done

• and research groups have dedicated their notable work to investigating vaccines, diagnostics, and medicines to prevent, diagnose, and treat NTDs. The field in which nanomaterials are used for diagnosing, monitoring, controlling, preventing, and treating diseases is called “nanomedicine” [1

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• the laser-generated nanoparticles in nanomedicine [60][61] and catalysis [13][54][62][63], including electro- and photocatalysis [13]. The liquid’s influence on the nanoparticle properties as well as its decomposition products, in contrast, have received significantly less attention. Some past reviews

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• possible nanomedicine strategies for NDD transport to the central nervous system (CNS) [9][10]. For simplicity, we are going to call them nanoparticle neuronal diseases drug delivery systems (N2D3Ss). N2D3Ss have the ability to protect NDDs from chemical and enzymatic degradation, direct the active

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez Yamila Roxana Simioni Kajal Ghosal Maria Jose Morilla Eder Lilia Romero Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pharmaceutical

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• Maria Jose Morilla Kajal Ghosal Eder Lilia Romero Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja

• released BNZ available for absorption [39][40]. Other studies determined the release profile of BNZ in different media [41][42][43][44] and its permeability across Caco-2 cells [43][44]. Between 2012 and 2018 the BERENICE (BEnznidazol and triazol REsearch group for Nanomedicine and Innovation on Chagas

• diseases has nanomedicine focused on in the last 28 years? There are currently between 50 [81] and 60 [82] nanomedicines on the market, and nearly 560 in clinical trials, most of them in clinical phase I (33%) and phase II (21%) [83]. 15% of marketed nanomedicines are antibody–drug conjugates, such as

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• address all these issues related to PZQ and bring new treatment alternatives [10]. Nanotechnology involves the creation and use of materials and technologies at the nanoscale, while nanomedicine focuses on the application of nanotechnology to treat, monitor, and prevent diseases [11]. Nanomedicine uses

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• Lester Uy Vinzons Guo-Chung Dong Shu-Ping Lin Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan (R.O.C.) Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• properties of drug carriers. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; drug delivery; elasticity; mechanical properties; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; stiffness measurement; tissue/body distribution; Introduction Drug delivery systems are developed with the aim to transport a given drug to the site of action

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• ://biorender.com/. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0.) Heat conversion by plasmonic nanoparticles (A & B), (Figure 4A was republished with permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry, from [37], "Emerging advances in nanomedicine with engineered gold nanostructures" by J. A. Webb and R. Bardhan, Nanoscale

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• current drugs used to treat the disease. The synthesized SPIONs showed promising activity against Leishmania and can be considered a strong candidate for a new therapeutic approach for treating leishmaniases. Keywords: coconut water; Leishmaniasis; Leishmania amazonensis; nanomedicine; SPIONs

• ][3][4][5]. These facts demonstrate the need to develop new treatments or alternatives that are safer, more effective, and more accessible to patients. In this context, nanomedicine is one of the most promising branches of contemporary medicine, currently concentrating a large part of the scientific