Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• media. A similar observation was made by Simon et al. [30], who attributed a difference in cellular uptake of PEGylated polystyrene nanocarriers in untreated or heat-inactivated FCS to the denaturation of important protein corona components. Indeed, heat inactivation did not reduce the amount of protein

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• . Polystyrene latex absorption coefficient and refractive index were used to measure synthesized nanoparticles, prefilled in the software with values of 0.01 and 1.59, respectively. All measurements were performed at 25 °C. The surface morphology of PEG–PCL nanoparticles was analyzed using scanning electron

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• assessed with a similar approach in a newly designed synthetic mucus hydrogel barrier system. The authors used differently sized polystyrene nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) modifications. PEGylated nanoparticles exhibited better penetration than non-PEGylated formulations, regardless of the

• polystyrene cuvettes were used during size distribution analysis, and the distributions were obtained at an angle of 90° with respect to the incident beam. The zeta potential measurements were performed in disposable plain folded capillary zeta potential cuvettes with the same instrument. Encapsulation

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

• Josiane A. D. Batista,
• Rayane M. de Oliveira,
• Carlos H. M. Lima,
• Milton L. Lana Júnior,
• Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
• Maria J. V. Bell and
• Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

• the stock solutions in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer with [Na+] = 150 mM, pH 7.4. The samples used for OT assays consist of biotin-labeled λ DNA molecules (New England Biolabs N3011S) tethered by the ends between a streptavidin-coated coverslip and a streptavidin-coated polystyrene bead (3

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• polystyrene NPs and thereby obtained the full corona. In principle, the effect of click chemistry and photomodification is the same. Both fix the full corona; however, the methods differ in details. When click chemistry is performed, soft corona proteins bind only to pre-modified hard corona proteins, whereas

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• ]. For the thermal images, a velvet ant specimen was carefully positioned on a polystyrene plate, serving as a thermal insulator, and covered with a layer of sand measuring 2 cm in thickness. Using a Fluke TiS75+ Thermal Camera, thermal images were captured before, during, and after a controlled heating

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• of 1 × 108 platelets/mL [33][34]. FXIIa assay Wells of interest of a nontreated 96-well polystyrene were blocked with 300 μL 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Milli-Q water for 2 h at 37 °C. After 2 h, the wells were rinsed three times with Milli-Q water. Plates were coated immediately prior to use

• experiments were performed for a total sample size of 18. Clot turbidity analysis Wells of interest of a non-treated polystyrene 96-well plate were blocked with 300 μL 1% BSA in Milli-Q water for 2 h at 37 °C. After 2 h, wells were rinsed three times with Milli-Q water. Plates were coated immediately prior to

• baseline absorbance value. 5% is a sufficient threshold to overcome the noise floor of the data [33]. Clot morphology Wells of interest of a non-treated 96-well polystyrene were blocked with 300 μL 1% BSA in Milli-Q water for 2 h at 37 °C. After 2 h, wells were rinsed three times with Milli-Q water. Plates

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• . Supporting Information A demo of integrated HDPE fibers within an SEBS biomimetic adhesive sheet showing high shear strength (and negligible adhesion) on fabrics like spandex, while also being capable of having high peel strength on smooth plastic surfaces like polystyrene. The demonstration was completed in

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• compounds triggered by liquid metals, leading to the formation of phenolic nanocoatings on substrates. In detail, nanocoatings of the phenolic compound pyrogallol deposited on polystyrene, glass beads, and paper yielded free radical scavenging activities of ca. 67%, ca. 84%, and ca. 92%, respectively [61

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• method is effective for loosely bound monodisperse particles such as polystyrene latex or gold particles. However, it can be challenging when dealing with highly agglomerated and cohesive particles such as TiO2, especially for laboratories without prior experience. The authors have chosen to use “E171

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• of QD-doped devices was compared to the reference system (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/aluminium). PEDOT:PSS ([poly(3.4-ethylene dioxythiophene] polystyrene sulfonate) is an intrinsically conductive polymer, a mixture of two ionomers, with a HOMO level equal to 5.17 eV [61]. It is widely used as a charge

Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• imaged a blend of polystyrene and low-density polyethylene (PS/LDPE) sample (SPM LABS LLC., Tempe, USA), mounting a RTESPA-300 cantilever (Bruker) and using both methods with the same ORT parameters, that is, 50 nm peak-to-peak amplitude and 2 kHz ORT frequency. Figure 5 shows 250 × 250 pixels images

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• guidance conduits. Experimental Materials Polystyrene nanospheres (ca. 1.1 µm diameter), laminin from Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm murine sarcoma, and nerve growth factor (2.5S, from murine submaxillary glands) were purchased from Sigma, Merck KGaA (Germany). SU-8 50 and SU-8 developer were obtained from Kayaku

• 1640 medium, sodium pyruvate, and HEPES buffer were purchased from Corning (NY, USA). The reusable polystyrene nanosphere lens array (1.1 µm) embedded in PDMS for UV-light focusing was prepared according to procedures described in our previous study [16]. Preparation of nano-/micropatterned SU-8 master

• . ratio 1:0.7) at 5000 rpm and soft-baked at 95 °C for 160 s. An array of polystyrene nanospheres (1.1 µm) embedded in PDMS was placed in conformal contact with the SU-8, and then exposure was performed at a dose of 35–42 mJ·cm−2 (Figure 1A(i)). (Older PS-NS/PDMS films seem to require slightly higher UV

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• ) with a diameter between 0.4 and 2.1 µm demonstrate this relationship, as Figure 6 and Figure 7 illustrate (incubation of heparin blood with 2 × 108 MP/mL) [41]. Champion et al. researched this relationship in a model as well [42]. Test particles (polystyrene microspheres) with diameters in the range of

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• AFM tip was taken to be a cylindrical punch, and the tip radius was calibrated by scanning on polystyrene (ET,PS = 2.7 GPa, Bruker) as a control substrate before and after each scan on a fiber surface. ET quantifications from fiber maps were only kept when mean ET,PS values varied by less than 10

• % between the pre- and post-scans on polystyrene. To ensure repeatability of measurements and observations, AFM maps and quantitative data were each obtained from at least one region in two separate Technora® and two separate Kevlar® fibers. The ET measurements were the most restrictive considering the need

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• smaller when proteins were bound to NPs [81]. Xiao et al. functionalized Tf onto the surface of PEGylated polystyrene NPs to evaluate the effect of the protein corona on blood–brain barrier transcytosis, endocytosis, and intracellular trafficking. They demonstrated that Tf-NPs completely lost their

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• polydispersion index Nano ZS Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments Corp, Worcestershire, UK) was used to measure particle size distribution and mean diameter by DLS at 25 °C in polystyrene cuvettes with a thickness of 10 mm. The zeta potential was determined by Doppler anemometry using the previously described

• to a formazan product (i.e., the MTT method). A 96-well polystyrene microplate containing 1 × 104 cells per well of CHO cells (obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA) were cultured in Ham’s F12 medium (Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• object it encounters, and the resulting optical force can be used to manipulate particles at the micro- or nanoscale. In this work, we present a detailed comparison through numerical simulations of the optical forces that can be exerted on polystyrene spheres of the same diameter. The spheres are placed

• nanoscale polystyrene (PS) spheres in the slot of the all-dielectric nanostructures. All these spheres have their own response to the incident radiations (e.g., Mie resonances). However, we noted that due to the small size of the spheres and the relatively lower refractive index of the polymeric material

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• coating method to obtain light-trapping coatings of nanofibers by the copolymerization of dopamine and pyrrole, which can be directly and rapidly synthesized on a polystyrene (PS) foam at room temperature (Figure 9). Due to its excellent wettability, the coating is water permeable and can be directly

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• cell–polystyrene NP (200 and 500 nm) complexes (RBCsNP complexes) [119]. Compared to the free NPs, the delivery of RBCsNP complexes to the lungs, that is, the first capillary bed downstream of the IV injection of the NPs, was five-fold increased, which makes RBCsNP complexes very useful for lung tissue

• , as in the case of RBCs anti-PECAM mAb-coated polystyrene NPs, the complex showed a 760-fold increase in the lung-to-liver distribution ratio compared to nonspecific NPs. Different studies envision RBCsNPs complexes as a highly performant platform for augmented NP localization, which can be easily

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• patch made of grafted polystyrene chains. The multistage synthesis allows for a fine control of the patch-to-particle size ratio from 0.23 to 0.57. The assembly of the patchy nanoparticles can be triggered by reducing the solvent quality for the polystyrene chains. Dimers or trimers can be obtained by

• assembly of silica/polystyrene (PS) dumbbells [28] and silica nanoparticles with two PS patches (2-PSN) [29][30][31] into multipod-like clusters and colloidal chains, respectively. We have recently reported that the same strategy can be used to assemble one-patch silica nanoparticles (1-PSN) with a well

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• networks were formed by densely packed monodispersed polystyrene spheres, ordered macropores could be created inside ZIF-8 single crystals or other coordination polymers (Figure 5) [117][118]. The inverse opal single crystals presented higher catalytic activity than microporous single crystals. These

• particles could be extended into more complex clusters. Each of exposed facets of the polyhedral coordination polymer crystals could be attached with one polystyrene sphere, forming clusters with various coordination numbers and geometries [136]. One problem regarding the assembly of monocrystalline

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and potential for mass production [12]. Polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(carbonate), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and cycloolefin polymers (COP), polystyrene, and SU-8 photoresists, have all been used for

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• substrate covered with polystyrene spheres by atomic layer deposition, followed by electrodeposition, which was used to grow ZnO nanowires onto the surface. The Au layer was deposited after burning off the polystyrene spheres by electron beam evaporation while monitoring its thickness. Considering the