Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• synthesis of AuNPs and served as a surface coating for AuNPs, promoting the coupling of DOX, enhancing anti-tumor activity, and improving the biocompatibility of AuNPs. The significant extinction coefficient of these nanoparticles enhances the contrast in photoacoustic imaging within the tumor region

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• the shear stress test. The coating is still water repelling. (A,B) Photos of the samples before and after the explosion/decompression test. The samples are still intact after the test, no delamination is visible on the samples. (C) SEM image of an SNF surface coating after the decompression/explosion

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• strategy involves surface coating with specific ligands which interact with elevated levels of target-specific receptors. Both delivery systems aim to achieve responsive drug release directly at the therapeutic target (Figure 2B) [19][30]. Therefore, a crucial step in constructing efficient biomimetic

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• the name suggests, the structural arrangement of these nanocarriers involves the surface coating of liposomes with biodegradable polymers/copolymers. The surface modification not only imparts surface functionality to the nanocarrier but also enhances its therapeutic efficacy by site-specific targeting

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• through surface coating of the inorganic core with small molecules, such as glutathione (GSH), glucose, low molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG), and various short peptides, among others [60][61][62][63]. This characteristic stands in sharp contrast to conventional large NPs, which often necessitate

• surface coating with bulkier molecules, such as long-chain PEG or various polymers. The strategic coating of usNPs with small molecules therefore preserves the overall ultrasmall size of the particles even within complex biofluids, such as human plasma. AuNCs coated with GSH exemplify this concept

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• ), and CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Figure 2a–c). The sizes of Fe3O4 NCs, CUR-Fe NPs, and CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs were 50.72 ± 10.16 nm, 94.00 ± 12.21 nm, and 96.27 ± 19.14 nm, respectively. The Fe3O4 NCs surface coating can be seen in Figure 1b, indicating that CUR

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• natural antioxidants because of their high stability, easy storage, time effectiveness, and low cost. Also, progress in nanotechnology enables us to easily control size, morphology, surface coating, and chemical configuration, which are highly related to the antioxidant activities. The integration of

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• electron microscopy (SEM) Scanning electron microscopy data was acquired using a Hitachi S-4800, with a beam energy of 5 keV. The samples on silicon wafers were directly investigated without any surface coating. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy studies were performed on a Hitachi S-4800

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• distributed in tumor tissue for effective imaging because of the lack of targeting capability. An appropriate surface coating could enhance their diagnostic value for medical imaging [122]. Biomimetic nanodelivery systems are of great significance for imaging agents [101]. H460 lung cancer cell membrane

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• was then measured between the two lines. Furthermore, different solvents were used to wash fresh mandibles in order to try removing any potential surface coating. Mandibles were washed in an ultrasonic bath with distilled water for 10 min or with either chloroform (Rotisolv® HPLC stabilised with 1

• (P < 0.0001) when the contact time of the propolis sample was increased to 60 s. Surface coating on bee mandibles To figure out possible reasons for low propolis adhesion on bee mandibles, freeze fractures of freshly prepared mandibles were studied in the cryo-SEM (Figure 8). The different layers of

• studied with the same method (Figure 9D–F). On mandibles washed with acetone (Figure 9G–I) and chloroform (Figure 9J–L) the majority of the surface coating was removed. Though, cryo-SEM studies of chloroform-washed mandibles showed that minor remnants of the surface coating remained on some areas of the

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• irradiation-sensitive resists. The EBL process includes the surface coating with a resist, exposure to the energetic electron beam, and further development of the surface to remove irradiated or non-irradiated material. Another technique, focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) [2][3][4][5], is based

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• surface coating with nanoparticles through electrodeposition. A general electrodeposition setup consists of three electrodes, that is cathode, anode, and a reference electrode [78]. The solvation property and the conductivity of DESs also play a critical role in determining the physical structure, yield

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• ), indicative of some organic surface coating, as previously reported [7]. The TGA weight loss for the solvothermally synthesized nanoceria was much greater (ca. 15%) due to its citrate coating (Figure 8 of [35]). FTIR, not previously reported for NM-212, showed small peaks at ca. 1630, 1420, and 1320 cm−1

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• .12.22 Abstract The efficient entry of nanotechnology-based pharmaceuticals into target cells is highly desired to reach high therapeutic efficiency while minimizing the side effects. Despite intensive research, the impact of the surface coating on the mechanism of nanoparticle uptake is not sufficiently

• involved in the internalization of polyethylene glycol-coated MNPs. Our data indicate that surface engineering can contribute to an enhanced delivery efficiency of nanoparticles. Keywords: bovine serum albumin; cellular uptake; magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; polyethylene glycol; surface coating

• 40–50 nm in diameter [14], or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins [15]. Inorganic nanoparticles are frequently engineered with an organic surface coating to improve their biocompatibility, colloidal stability, and bioavailability. Moreover, the coating facilitates their further

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• variation in the nature of nanoparticles, nanoparticle concentration, cell type or in the surface coating. Therefore, for comparison reasons, several independent experiments should be performed using the same type of nanomaterial. Nontoxic, inexpensive and highly efficient photothermal nanoparticles, such

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• nanoparticles only at certain dimensions, as shown in in vitro tests. Larger particles, exceeding 500 nm are endocytosed to a far smaller extent [75][76]. Surface coating, charge, and corona Due to the fact that iron oxides have a certain toxicity when in direct contact with cell components, SPIONs designed for

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• also accumulate in other organs [128][129]. Influence of size and zeta potential It has been shown that surface functionalization or surface coating are the most important determinants for BBB crossing. For functionalized nanoparticles, size seems to have little impact and nanoparticles in a large size

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• proteins, resulting in the formation of protein corona [48][49]. To minimize the adverse effects of the presence of the protein corona in vivo, the surface coating using PEG can endow the NPs with so-called “stealth” properties to reduce the adsorption of high molecular weight proteins, allowing them to

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• of a silica-core doped with rhodamine to enable visualization via fluorescence microscopy, followed by a layer of PCL/ICG and a surface coating with either PCL or PLLA. Characterization of these particle types showed a size of 90 nm for PCL-NPs and 95 nm for PLLA-NPs. The zeta potential was −25.4 mV

Development of an anti-pollution coating process technology for the application of an on-site PV module

• Sejin Jung,
• Wonseok Choi,
• Jung Hyun Kim and
• Jang Myoun Ko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 332–336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.32

• pollution of PV modules [3][4]. The PV module surface coating materials that are currently under research must have anti-pollution functions and must endure severe temperature differences, and harsh physical (e.g., external shock) and chemical environments (e.g., animal excrement). They must also have a

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• using a magnetic field allowing for easy separation and/or targeted delivery in the organism [26]. In this report, citrate-treated maghemite nanoparticles and a novel PHPMA-based surface coating were used to ensure biocompatibility, minimal immunogenicity and to provide reactive functional groups for

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• lead to new, easily prepared, NIR-activated, reusable, antibacterial materials suitable for surface coating. Experimental Materials PVA with an average molecular weight of 72000 g/mol (degree of hydrolysis 98%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Anhydrous citric acid and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-200

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• /bjnano.9.114 Abstract The effect of nanoparticle surface coating characteristics on colloidal stability in solution is a critical parameter in understanding the potential applications of nanoparticles, especially in biomedicine. Here we explored the modification of the surface of poly(ethylene glycol

• cell labeling, gene and drug delivery, molecular imaging, and biosensors [1][2][3][4]. Nanoparticles can be manipulated or modified to fulfill a specific, engineered purpose, partially through changing the surface chemistry or surface coating of the particle. As such, changes in particle surface

• ][28][29]. The properties of SPIOs vary considerably based on the particle size and surface coating, properties, which also greatly affect the particles’ in vivo biodistribution and effectiveness in biological applications [30][31]. During circulation, it is generally understood that larger