Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• particles in the bottom phase (glycerol carbonate) increased for both metals (Figure 2). The fraction increases from 0.59 in propylene carbonate to 0.70 in glycerol carbonate and from 0.09 in propylene carbonate to 0.12 in glycerol carbonate for copper and iron, respectively. While the nanoparticle surface

• coverage with glycerol carbonate should be higher than for propylene carbonate, only a small increase for the fraction of iron particles (0.03) was visible, although they were assumed to be strongly oxidized. Instead, the mass concentration of copper in the more polar bottom phase increased, although the

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• development of these sensors, it becomes imperative to establish a mathematical model for economically predicting their behavior. The simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics is performed to obtain the surface coverage of the sensor by introducing carbon monoxide gas through a Gaussian pulse feed inlet at

• concentrations ranging from 1 to 7 ppm. The surface coverage over the range of 14% to 32.94% for the given range of concentrations is achieved giving the information of the amount of gas molecules adsorbed onto the surface of the sensing material at a given time. The surface coverage of the sensor is enhanced by

• using the nanocomposite materials which in turn enhances the sensitivity of the gas sensors. Keywords: CO gas; COMSOL Multiphysics; gas sensor; surface coverage; SWCNT/PEDOT:PSS; Introduction The field of nanotechnology has brought significant advancements in various scientific and engineering

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• distribution [27]. ʟ-Carnosine forms a monolayer around the nanoparticles, providing a consistent and uniform surface coverage. This uniformity in surface passivation contributes to the narrow size distribution of the nanoparticles. The formation of stable silver nanoparticles capped with ʟ-carnosine was

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• monolayer around the nanoparticles, providing a consistent and uniform surface coverage. This uniformity in surface passivation contributes to the narrow size distribution of the particles. The long hydrocarbon tails of the CTAB molecules extending from the nanoparticle surface create steric repulsive

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• the skewness (Rsk) and kurtosis (Rku). The most homogeneous surface coverage is observed for the as-grown and 2× samples. However, the 3× sample is the only one characterized by negative skewness, which, together with the high value of kurtosis, indicates that the surface is slightly dominated by

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• for the attenuation of the TaNNN signal, which reaches up to 50% in the case of Fe(CO)4MA (Figure 6d). Such an attenuation would indicate a surface coverage of roughly 0.3 nm of iron (one to two monolayers [56]) or 0.5 nm of carbon assuming a homogeneous thickness according to scenario A (Supporting

• is likely during a room-temperature EBID process [21][24][25]. However, if the increase in surface coverage reflected simply a larger number of aggregates or the growth of existing aggregates with constant composition, the OKLL intensity should increase together with the FeLMM signal. Again, the

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• modes is proposed to evaluate the surface coverage for each N (i.e., the ratio between the surface covered by exactly N layers and the total surface) in DLI-PP-CVD MoS2 samples. Keywords: molybdenum disulfide; number of layers; Raman spectroscopy; thin film; transition metal dichalcogenides

• . However, atomic force microscopy revealed that they are constituted of nanoflakes (with a lateral size of typically 50 nm) with possibly a distribution of thicknesses. Furthermore, depending on the synthesis conditions, the MoS2 surface coverage can be incomplete, and the thin film average thickness can

• of nanoflakes and, thus, significantly different from the reference samples. Finally, an original procedure based on the layer breathing mode intensities is proposed to evaluate the surface coverage for each N, that is, the ratio between the surface covered by exactly N layers and the total surface

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• on Si, example of crater measurements from line profiles on AFM images, variation of surface coverage with ion beam fluence, and SEM and AFM images of trenches etched by FIB on DNA-origami-covered Si. Supporting Information File 20: Additional experimental data Acknowledgements We thank the staff of

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• increased to 50 mM, a continuous ZIF-8 film with a high surface coverage was obtained (Figure 5b). In this case, the diffusion rate of 2-methylimidazole from 1-octanol solution into aqueous solution was relatively slow. As a result, homogeneous crystal formation was suppressed through the small number of

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• minute. This leads to a surface coverage of about 0.1–0.3 monolayers, as we readily observed on noble metals such as Cu, Ag or Au [45][46]. Iron adatoms were evaporated in the microscope head on the substrate at a temperature below 15 K. NaCl was evaporated from a quartz crucible on samples kept at room

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• nanostructures. In contrast to the earlier studies [13][15] we consider the case of low precursor surface coverage (below one monolayer), in which surface diffusion plays an important role in the formation of deposits. In particular, we focus on the atomistic characterization of the initial stage of the FEBID

• influence the rate of precursor molecule fragmentation. The chosen value of the deposited energy can be verified by comparing the dependence of surface coverage of precursor elements on the electron dose with the experimental data measured by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electron energy

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• . obtained an optimum concentration of 0.03 wt % of graphene in PEDOT:PSS [65]. A combination of MoS2 and graphene sheets has also displayed good HIL tendencies due to the high surface coverage, work function, and low LUMO levels of graphene [66]. With regards to SPR of MNP, green emission enhancement in

• OLED [50]. Depending on the surface coverage of the plasmonic NP, an increment in the current density by a factor of two as compared to a device without plasmonic NP has been observed. The presence of Au and Ag reduces the work function of ITO due to the formation of dipoles at the interface and

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• surface coverage of the glass SERS substrates, we used SEM images of the PEI-modified silicon support with analogous NP treatment supposing equal packing density (Figure 3). The surface coverage degree obtained was 58%, that is, 74% of the theoretical value for spherical particles with equal sizes and

• optimized procedure. The surface coverage degree is 58%. Schematic representation of the surface modification of immobilized Ag NPs by thiols bearing differently charged functional groups, and the oppositely charged model analytes CuTMpyP4 and CuTSPP4. SERS spectra of (a) CuTMpyP4 and (b) CuTSPP4 drop-cast

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• substrates after their synthesis. While the particle size slightly increases in most cases, with an exception of the toluene treatment, the surface coverage remains identical for all samples. However, it is clearly observed that the obtained Raman intensities are significantly influenced by the immersion of

• substrates after they have been immersed into those media. It was found that morphological changes and a significant decrease in the particle coverage is observed in particular for PBS systems, while organic solvents and other buffer systems only induce minor changes in the morphology and surface coverage of

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• surface coverage and to close gaps between the PM patches. This procedure for the immobilization of oriented dense PM facilitates the spontaneous fusion of individual PM patches, forming larger membrane areas. This is, to our knowledge, the very first procedure described to induce the oriented fusion of

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• ; Introduction Surface coverage by thin films for the improvement of mechanical, optical, and electrochemical properties of solid surfaces is of great technological importance. In this context, corrosion, which is an electrochemical process, is the main concern. In an oxidizing and humid atmosphere

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• %, respectively, indicating a surface coverage of the SiO2 core by NiPS. The data is also consistent with a 1:1 (as opposed to a 2:1) NiPS structure. The addition of the small amount of TiO2 to mSiO2@NiPS resulted in a coverage of Ni and Si as shown by the drop in their surface concentrations (1.8 atom % for Ni

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• a function of the substrate work function, for various 6P films on a number of different 2 ML MgO films is plotted. This is displayed in comparison to the 6P surface coverage, which is expressed by a wetting parameter in Figure 8b. The wetting parameter reflects the combined effects of the intensity

• . Right before their desorption at 160 °C, the attenuation of the substrate emission signal suggests a complete surface coverage. The temperature-induced wetting of the surface with neutral molecules is reflected in the pushback-induced lowering of Φ by ≈−0.1 eV. The desorption behavior on the low ΦMgO

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• diameter of each particle is derived from the mean diameter of these ellipses. The histogram plots (bar charts) in Figure 1f–j represent the normalised distribution of the particle diameters. The category width is 5 nm. The continuous line in Figure 1f–j shows the cumulative surface coverage of the given

• particles contribute significantly to surface coverage. The Au film covers 28% of the Si surface, while the Pd film covers more than 40% of the surface. This surface coverage comprises 1522 particles/μm2 at the Au wafers and 845 particles/μm2 at the Pd wafers, respectively. The wafers with copper show a

• broad particle size distribution. The surface is covered by more than 44%, which means 876 particles/μm2. The Pt particles mainly have a diameter below 10 nm with 495 particles/μm2. The total surface coverage did not exceed 1.0%. This result implies that the Pt film was significantly thinner than the

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• surface coverage (≈60%), another network with a significantly different unit cell (Figure 2b,e and Table 1) was observed. This network, referred hereon as polymorph B, lacks the peculiar bright-dark contrast observed in the STM images of polymorph A. Figure 2e,h shows a high-resolution STM image of

• , Figure 2h) with respect to the surface. The collection of such four benzene rings together with the co-adsorbed molecule of 1-phenyloctane is often imaged as a single bright feature in large-scale STM images (as evident from Figure 2b). At 9 × 10−5 M, the surface coverage of polymorph B was found to be

• ≈39%. At 9 × 10−5 M, another network, polymorph C, is observed that only slightly differs from polymorph B, and has the lowest surface coverage (≈5%). Polymorph C (white arrow, Figure 2c) tends to appear on the edges of the domains of polymorph B and can be identified by its distinct STM contrast

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces

• Karl Rothe,
• Alexander Mehler,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1157–1167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.100

• distance from the surface. Au(111)–C42H28 Figure 4a shows an overview STM image of C42H28 on Au(111) at a surface coverage of approx. 50%. The molecules form well-ordered large islands. In addition to the regular arrangement of C42H28, The STM image reveals a periodic pattern of stripes, which are due to

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• vitro and in vivo [24]. Also, the synthesis of nanoparticles larger than 20 nm requires a certain surface coverage of the nanoparticles to obtain a monodisperse colloidal solution and to prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles. The substances used for the synthesis are either lipids or surfactants. In

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• surface (platelet translocation distance), the number of platelets that stably adhered to the VWF-coated surface (static platelets), and the percent surface coverage on the final frame (percentage of platelet surface coverage). For this study we only considered the platelet adhesion parameters. Results

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• control the film morphology and the crystalline quality and to prepare high-quality perovskite films with complete surface coverage, uniform morphology and large well-crystallized grains [13][14][15][16]. At the same time, research also focuses on the preparation of large-area perovskite films of high

• perovskite solar cell with lower leakage current, better surface coverage and a PCE of 15.76% was fabricated. The addition of HBr shortened the crystallization time. However, the grains of the perovskite films were still not sufficiently large and dense to reach higher PCEs. In order to solve this problem