Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• in Figure 7d show the transparency levels of the plastic films. In the visible light range of 400–700 nm, the average light transmittance values of blank PLA, SG/PLA, and GO-SG-ZH/PLA films are 94%, 90%, and 75% respectively. The SG coating made the transparency decrease 4%, and the GO-SG-ZH coating

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• another study, the optoelectronic properties of FeS2 films in the visible light spectral region were made by doping and undoping Zn onto electrodeposited pyrite films. The Zn-doped samples exhibited a 9.2-fold increase in responsivity. The best Zn-doped condition showed a responsivity and detectivity of

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• surface reduces the reflection of UV–visible light because of light trapping by multiple reflections [47][48][49]. Ar-ion bombardment for 3 h leads to the development of a well-defined nanopattern on the silicon surface; hence, the reflectivity becomes minimal compared to the other two surfaces that were

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• (antibiotics + HO• and/or O2•− → CO2 + H2O). Mechanisms of metal, nonmetal, or co-doped photocatalysts The large bandgap and high electron–hole recombination rate of traditional and single semiconductor photocatalysts limit their effectiveness under visible light, which hinders their practical application. To

• CB of the material [58][59]. This action serves to reduce the bandgap, which in turn extends the absorption wavelength edge towards the region of visible light [60][61]. The idea of modifying semiconductor materials in the second generation involves the process of co-doping with both metal and

• nonmetal atoms. This method has attracted considerable interest because of its synergistic effect on improving the absorption of visible light and minimizing electron–hole recombination [62][63][64]. However, these synthesized materials not only remove antibiotic pollutants but also impact the formation of

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• light can be divided into ultraviolet (UV; 190–400 nm), visible light (400–780 nm) and near-infrared light (NIR; 780–2500 nm) [28][29]. UV light has shorter wavelengths and higher photon energies that can be absorbed by most body tissues. Hence, its penetration is limited, and it may trigger a number of

• photothermal conversion capabilities. For instance, titanium dioxide (TiO2) with a bandgap of 3.3 eV, which is transparent to visible light, primarily absorbs ultraviolet light, and common semiconductor materials are only weakly absorbent in the NIR range (Figure 2h) [78]. In comparison to LSPR metals and

• bandgap width of TiO2 (≈3.3 eV) is relatively large; thus, absorption of visible light is very weak. Through non-metallic doping, some localized states can be generated above the O 2p orbitals, and the valence band of TiO2 can be reconstructed, resulting in an upward shift of the valence band and a

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• present profiles like BE clay, with intense absorption in the UV region with a sharp drop of around 550 nm [8]. This fact indicates the feasibility of activating the A-BEPh, A-BEPhP, A-BEOx, and A-BEOXPh samples under visible light (above 400 nm) [8]. The indirect bandgap energy values for the BE, NbOPO4

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• risen considerable interest in recent years because of its potential applications in various fields, including optics, camouflage, and solar energy harvesting [1][2]. These colors are characterized by their ability to reflect an exceptionally low amount of visible light. Inspired by several biological

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• calculations and concluded that ψ-graphene has the potential to be employed in infrared (IR) sensors, ultraviolet (UV) optomechanical sensors, and visible-light sensors [39]. Li et al. theoretically reported a maximum theoretical storage capacity of 372 mAh·g−1 for Li, showing its capability to be utilized as

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• proposed wide reflected angle Ti3O5/SiO2 DBR (WRA-DBR) comprises six sub-DBRs tailored for various central wavelengths spanning from blue to red light. With superior reflectivity across the visible light spectrum and reduced angular dependency, the WRA-DBR achieves an average reflectivity of up to 99.73

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• photocatalytic properties of SG and MW. Based on these preliminary results, it is fully desirable to develop such engineered materials [57] for the removal of organic pollutants. It is important to expand the activity range of the materials from UV to visible light by tailoring the manganese addition to ZnO and

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• because of its high stability, good dispersibility, and narrow energy bandgap. However, pristine TiO2 shows only low photocatalytic efficiency because of the high recombination rate between holes and electrons and the low visible-light harvesting ability [20][21][22]. The rapid recombination of charge

• recorded in a batch reactor under different wavelengths of light. As shown in Figure 6b, no products were detected under the visible-light irradiation. The photocatalytic performance under UV illumination was significantly lower than that under full illumination. Figure 7 shows the recyclability of the p–n

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• Arab Emirates 10.3762/bjnano.15.68 Abstract Visible-light-driven photocatalysis using layered materials has garnered increasing attention regarding the degradation of organic dyes. Herein, transition-metal dichalcogenides MoS2 and WS2 prepared by chemical vapor deposition as well as their intermixing

• several cycles. This finding underscores the advantageous outcomes of intermixing WS2 and MoS2, shedding light on the development of an efficient and enduring photocatalyst for visible-light-driven photodegradation of methylene blue. Keywords: methylene blue; MoS2/WS2 composite; photocatalysis

• , with over 99% degradation of MB achieved within 60 min under visible light exposure by using 10 mg of the catalyst to degrade 10 mg/L of MB [22]. Other works have shown that the MoS2–ZnO composite achieved 97% of MB photodegradation in ≈30 min under visible irradiation by using 250 mg/L of the catalyst

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• µL of 500 µM URI and 20 µL of 500 µM HYT before dilution to 10 mL. Results and Discussion Characterization of materials The mixtures of GQDs and TiO2/GQDs suspensions were exposed to visible and UV light to confirm their fluorescence behavior. Under visible light, the aqueous suspension of GQDs is

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• ferromagnetic properties and demonstrated high visible-light photocatalytic activity when loaded onto titania nanotube arrays. Titanium nitride (TiN) has gained recognition as an advanced engineering material because of its outstanding chemical and thermal stability, extreme hardness, and electrical

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• also needed in view of the large specific surface area inherent to the produced aeromaterials and of the important role played by surface states in shifting the edge of the valence band, improving the visible-light photocatalytic properties, as shown by first-principle investigations in some

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The catalyst can be recycled with an external magnetic field and displays suitable stability. Also, it was reused in three successive experiments with a loss of efficiency of about 5%. The CF/GQDs are considered as an efficient photocatalyst for MB

• photocorrosion and exhibits excellent reusability for the degradation process. The mechanism of MB degradation over the CF/GQDs catalyst is illustrated in Scheme 2. Under visible light irradiation, photogenerated holes (h+) are created in the valence bands via the transfer of photogenerated electrons (e−) from

• min). (a) Effects of addition of KI, IPA, KBrO3, and BQ on the visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of MB with CF@GQDs; (b) dependence of the chemical oxygen demand on the reaction time. (a) Cyclic photocatalytic degradation experiments of MB with CF/GQDs-200 photocatalyst; (b) XRD pattern

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• ) passes through a flat maximum in the pigment MinFeret size range between 110 and 220 nm. Particles with a MinFeret well below 100 nm have limited capability to scatter visible light, resulting in poorer tinting strength, and are consequently inefficient as pigments. The CIE b* values depict the ability

• practical and reliable way of verifying EM results for nearly spherical, non-porous, and non-aggregated particles without rugged surface treatment, even if they have been prepared by different methods. Pigmentary TiO2 must have a specific particle size range to scatter visible light effectively. The

• . In the case of TiO2 with a refractive index of 2.5–2.9 (depending on the crystal structure), the optimum particle size for visible light scattering is around 200 nm [12]. Particles of this size scatter mostly red and green light, so the tint of such material is yellow. If a bluer shade is required, a

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods obtained via a simple and cost-effective synthesis process has great potential for optoelectronic applications. Keywords: CuO nanoparticles; heterojunction; optoelectronics; visible-light photodetector; ZnO nanorods; Introduction Optoelectronics is a field to accelerate the

• a particular wavelength [9][10][11][12][13][14] and broadband PDs that work over a wide wavelength range [15]. Many researchers have focused on developing sensing materials operating in the visible-light region because this region is the biggest fraction of the solar spectrum (around 43%) [16][17

• [21]. Regardless, pure ZnO still has the considerable drawback of a wide bandgap (ca. 3.35 eV), which limits its usability for visible-light photodetectors. ZnO absorbs light only in the UV region (less than 4% of the sunlight spectrum) [23]. Extending the operation range of ZnO nanomaterials toward

Nanomaterials for photocatalysis and applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy

• Viet Van Pham and
• Wee-Jun Ong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 722–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.58

• development of advanced materials based on semiconductors (i.e., carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride (MBN), MgO@g-C3N4, and TiO2@MWCNTs) have indicated a highly efficient photocatalytic performance for phenol removal using a low-power visible LED light source. For NO degradation, a visible light source

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• ) coloration of the mixed oxides was confirmed by XPS and visible-light absorption measurements. The colorimetric stability of the oxides in acid and alkaline environments was evaluated. After 240 h of exposure to harsh environments, both pigments demonstrated stability and showed no strong color difference

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• produced the homogeneous formation of the APDA layer on the wood surface. The APDA-coated wood sample efficiently absorbed UV–visible light to more than 96%. In addition, the NIR absorption efficiency was also improved to more than 87% (Figure 8c). SSG structure In order to obtain a high vaporization

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• incident radiation from the sun, 8% UV, 42.4% visible light, and 49.6% infrared radiation reach the earth's surface. Applications such as steam generation from solar power can evidently benefit from the use of materials that can absorb as much as possible of the entire spectrum of solar radiation. In this

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• ultraviolet light in the solar spectrum due to its broad bandgap of 3.2 eV, which limits the use of visible light. Because of this, the potential photocatalytic use of TiO2 is constrained and the photocatalytic effectiveness is reduced [19][20][25]. Table 1 compares some of the salient characteristics of some

• , nanometre-sized photocatalysts based on bismuth have recently been investigated and evaluated, because the majority of bismuth-based photocatalysts have a bandgap below 3.0 eV, making them usable in visible light. Additionally, their electrical structure produces a valence band with hybrid O 2p and Bi 6s

• . Different materials based on bismuth have been developed and used for a range of environmental remediation applications. For instance, Mu et al. [46] synthesised a Bi2S3/Bi4O7 heterostructure via an in situ sulfidation approach and utilised it for the degradation of rhodamine B dye under visible-light

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• opened for the release of encapsulated drug. In order to achieve photoinduced drug release through visible light, tetra-ortho-methoxy-substituted azobenzene (mAzo) can be used instead of unsubstituted azobenzene. The trans-to-cis isomerization of this chromophore proceeds under irradiation with red or

• green light, and the reverse cis-to-trans isomerization occurs under blue light [50]. Compared with UV light, visible light is advantageous for medical applications, since it can penetrate more deeply into tissues and causes less photodamage to healthy cells. In the same way as unsubstituted azobenzene

• ) light is more advantageous than UV and visible light, since it penetrates more efficiently into tissues, and the toxicity is marginal. However, most photoisomerizable dyes (azobenzenes and arylazopyrazoles) require UV or visible light and are incompatible with NIR. The most straightforward strategy is

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• and thermally stable, quasi-spherical, photoluminescent material with very good antibacterial and anticancer properties under visible light irradiation [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This material has very good biocompatibility, including low dark cytotoxicity and good cell proliferation

• (nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine) affected structural properties and ROS production with or without visible light irradiation. In addition, we examined antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. An important issue is the preparation of CQDs and polymer-based composites and their possible antibacterial

• toluene solution of CQDs has a strong broad absorption band at 248 nm with a shoulder at 224 nm, which represents the π–π* transition of C=C bonds. Apart from this broad band, there is a shoulder peak at 330 nm corresponding to the n–π* transition of C=O [32]. In the visible light region, at 444 nm, there