(Thio)urea-mediated synthesis of functionalized six-membered rings with multiple chiral centers

• Giorgos Koutoulogenis,
• Nikolaos Kaplaneris and
• Christoforos G. Kokotos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 462–495, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.48

• reaction proceeds very smoothly for a variety of substrates affording the desired products in excellent yields and selectivities. In 2012, Xu and co-workers described an alternative route to highly-functionalized tetrahydroquinolines employing a domino aza-Michael–Michael reaction of substituted anilines

• reaction between malonitirile 184 and substituted aromatic imine 185 catalyzed by bifunctional thiourea 88 (Scheme 60) [81]. Many functional groups were tolerated, obtaining the desired densely functionalized tetrahydroquinolines 186. Additional mechanistic studies by the authors strongly suggest the

Recent advances in copper-catalyzed asymmetric coupling reactions

• Fengtao Zhou and
• Qian Cai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2600–2615, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.280

• enantioselectivity and efficiency. In 2012, Cai et al. [45] developed the first copper-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular Ullmann C–N coupling reaction through a desymmetrization strategy. The reaction lead to the enantioselective formation of indolines and tetrahydroquinolines in high yields and up to >99% ee

Copper-mediated synthesis of N-alkenyl-α,β-unsaturated nitrones and their conversion to tri- and tetrasubstituted pyridines

• Dimitra Kontokosta,
• Daniel S. Mueller,
• Dong-Liang Mo,
• Wiktoria H. Pace,
• Rachel A. Simpson and
• Laura L. Anderson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2097–2104, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.226

• tetrahydroquinolines such as 5 (Scheme 1A). These studies encouraged us to consider if similar N-alkenylnitrones 8 could be accessed by a Chan–Lam coupling and transformed into the corresponding substituted pyridines 9 (Scheme 1B). Pyridines are important heterocycles that are often found in biologically active

• to the β-position of the conjugated olefin followed by nucleophilic attack of the enamine. Use of a Chan–Lam reaction for the synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines and potential extension to pyridines [8]. Examples of pyridine synthesis from oxime precursors [51][52]. Solvent effect on conversion of N

An intramolecular C–N cross-coupling of β-enaminones: a simple and efficient way to precursors of some alkaloids of Galipea officinalis

• Hana Doušová,
• Radim Horák,
• Zdeňka Růžičková and
• Petr Šimůnek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 884–892, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.99

• , University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjoc.11.99 Abstract 2-Aroylmethylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines with the appropriate substituents can be suitable precursors for the synthesis of alkaloids from Galipea officinalis (cuspareine, galipeine, galipinine

• to give (S)-cuspareine in high yields and excellent stereoselectivity (Scheme 1). This method, however, suffers from a low-yielding (28%) synthesis of the enaminone 1a [30]. Only two methods for the synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines 1 have been described in the literature [30][31][32] based on a

• , the corresponding tetrahydroquinolines 1 were obtained in moderate to high yields (Table 3). The deprotection of the hydroxy group in 1c was accomplished using BCl3 in DCM (Figure 3) to obtain the precursor 1e for galipeine (Figure 1). On the basis of relatively high chemical shifts of NH protons in

Eosin Y-catalyzed visible-light-mediated aerobic oxidative cyclization of N,N-dimethylanilines with maleimides

• Zhongwei Liang,
• Song Xu,
• Wenyan Tian and
• Ronghua Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 425–430, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.48

• Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiahang Road 118, Zhejiang 314001, China 10.3762/bjoc.11.48 Abstract A novel and simple strategy for the efficient synthesis of the corresponding tetrahydroquinolines from N,N-dimethylanilines and maleimides using visible light in an air atmosphere in the presence of Eosin Y

• -dimethylanilines incorporating methyl and bromo on the phenyl ring reacted with 2 to afford the corresponding tetrahydroquinolines 3 in good yields. N-arylmaleimides with electron-donating groups such as methyl, methoxy and electron-withdrawing groups such as chloro, bromo, and N-methylmaleimide all underwent the

• formation of a mixture of regioisomers 3q1 and 3q2 with 81% combined yield. The major product was the sterically more hindered 3q1 [43][44][45]. On the basis of our observations and literature reported [19][36][38][43][44], a proposed mechanism for the formation of the corresponding tetrahydroquinolines 3

Studies on the interaction of isocyanides with imines: reaction scope and mechanistic variations

• Ouldouz Ghashghaei,
• Consiglia Annamaria Manna,
• Esther Vicente-García,
• Marc Revés and
• Rodolfo Lavilla

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 12–17, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.3

• prepared in a straightforward manner. A part of the azetidine structure distinct scaffolds have been obtained from the interaction of different reactant combinations: α-aminoamides, α-aminoamidines, indoles, bis(imino)tetrahydroquinolines and tris(imino)pyrrolidines. Finally, a unified reaction mechanism

New developments in gold-catalyzed manipulation of inactivated alkenes

• Michel Chiarucci and
• Marco Bandini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2586–2614, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.294

• is woth mentioning, that a 1:1 mixture of AuCl3 and AgOTf promoted the ring-closing processes of arenes 68, delivering the corresponding dihydrobenzopyrans, tetralins and tetrahydroquinolines 69 in good yields (Scheme 19a). Experimental controls with deuterium labelled compounds suggested the step

A combined continuous microflow photochemistry and asymmetric organocatalysis approach for the enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines

• Erli Sugiono and
• Magnus Rueping

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2457–2462, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.284

• the synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines from readily available 2-aminochalcones using a combination of photochemistry and asymmetric Brønsted acid catalysis. The photocylization and subsequent reduction was performed with catalytic amount of chiral BINOL derived phosphoric acid diester and Hantzsch

• dihydropyridine as hydrogen source providing the desired products in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. Keywords: asymmetric transfer hydrogenation; binolphosphate; continuous-flow reactors; flow chemistry; microreactors; organocatalysis; photochemistry; Introduction Tetrahydroquinolines [1][2

• ][3][4] represent a well-known structural motif found in a large number of biologically active natural products. Optically active tetrahydroquinolines are important building blocks for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Due to their importance, new and efficient procedures for their

The chemistry of amine radical cations produced by visible light photoredox catalysis

• Jie Hu,
• Jiang Wang,
• Theresa H. Nguyen and
• Nan Zheng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1977–2001, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.234

• (Scheme 26) [93]. Functionalization of the sp3 C–H bond α to the nitrogen atom in tetrahydroquinolines and indolines via iminium ions is challenging because the corresponding iminium ions are enolizable and thus tend to tautomerize to enamines [94][95] and/or aromatize [96][97]. The authors adopted a

Inter- and intramolecular enantioselective carbolithiation reactions

• Asier Gómez-SanJuan,
• Nuria Sotomayor and
• Esther Lete

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 313–322, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.36

• carbolithiation of N-alkenyl substituted o-iodoanilines 51 affords enantiomerically enriched 2,4-disubstituted tetrahydroquinolines 52 and 53 by using (−)-sparteine (L1) as chiral ligand [52]. An amide group is also required to favor the cyclization, and also has an important effect in both the

• ethers. Formation of six-membered rings: pyrroloisoquinolines. Formation of six-membered rings: tetrahydroquinolines. Acknowledgements We wish to thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTQ2009-07733) and Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UFI11/22, GIU 0946) for their

Facile synthesis of functionalized tetrahydroquinolines via domino Povarov reactions of arylamines, methyl propiolate and aromatic aldehydes

• Jing Sun,
• Hong Gao,
• Qun Wu and
• Chao-Guo Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1839–1843, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.211

• proceeded smoothly to give polysubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines in moderate yields. The reaction is believed to involve the Povarov reaction of in situ generated β-enamino ester with the in situ formed aromatic imine. Keywords: β-enamino ester; domino reaction; electron-deficient alkyne; Povarov

• enantiomerically enriched 4-amino-tetrahydroquinolines [43][44]. In this work our aim is to describe the domino Povarov reaction with both in situ formed aldimine and in situ generated β-enamino ester for the facile synthesis of the functionalized tetrahydroquinoline. Results and Discussion It is known that the

• used in the reaction under the same conditions. The results are summarized in Table 1. All the reactions proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding functionalized tetrahydroquinolines (1a–1m) in moderate to good yields (41–67%). Arylamines and aromatic aldehydes with an electron-donating alkyl or

Asymmetric Brønsted acid-catalyzed aza-Diels–Alder reaction of cyclic C-acylimines with cyclopentadiene

• Magnus Rueping and
• Sadiya Raja

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1819–1824, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.208

• construction of optically active, nitrogen-containing, six-membered rings, such as tetrahydroquinolines and piperidines. N-heterocycles are found in a wide range of natural products and many biologically active compounds [1][2][3][4]. To date, most aza-asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions have been catalyzed by

Organocatalytic C–H activation reactions

• Subhas Chandra Pan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1374–1384, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.159

• organocatalytic asymmetric C–H activation reaction was disclosed by Kim and co-workers for the synthesis of chiral tetrahydroquinolines 14 (Scheme 10) [24]. ortho-(Dialkylamino)cinnamaldehydes were employed as the substrates for this aminocatalytic intramolecular redox reaction. The authors first demonstrated a

• tetrahydroquinolines by C–H activation, the authors embarked on the asymmetric transformation utilizing chiral secondary amine catalysis. After the screening of different chiral amine catalysts, solvents, and acid additives, as well as temperatures, chiral pyrrolidine catalyst 15 in combination with

• regenerated (Scheme 11). The following year, Akiyama and co-workers reported another organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines using chiral phosphoric acid as the catalyst [25]. In this instance, benzylidene malonates were used as the hydride acceptor. Another important feature of this

Continuous-flow catalytic asymmetric hydrogenations: Reaction optimization using FTIR inline analysis

• Magnus Rueping,
• Teerawut Bootwicha and
• Erli Sugiono

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 300–307, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.32

• asymmetric continuous-flow transfer hydrogenation of 2-substituted quinolines 5 proceeded well and afforded tetrahydroquinolines 6a–e with excellent yields and enantioselectivities (Table 4). Having established a protocol for a general and highly enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of quinolines, we

Multicomponent reaction access to complex quinolines via oxidation of the Povarov adducts

• Esther Vicente-García,
• Rosario Ramón,
• Sara Preciado and
• Rodolfo Lavilla

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.110

• tetrahydroquinolines obtained through the Povarov multicomponent reaction have been oxidized to the corresponding quinoline, giving access to a single product through a two-step sequence. Several oxidizing agents were studied and manganese dioxide proved to be the reagent of choice, affording higher yields, cleaner

• reactions and practical protocols. Keywords: manganese dioxide; multicomponent reactions; oxidation; Povarov; quinolines; tetrahydroquinolines; Introduction Heterocycles are ubiquitous scaffolds in pharmaceuticals, natural products and biologically active compounds. Quinoline systems in particular

• ideal reaction, such as atom- and step economy, convergence, and exploratory power, together with new avenues in connectivity, leading to the straightforward synthesis of previously unobtainable scaffolds [3]. In this context, it is possible to obtain a wide variety of complex tetrahydroquinolines