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Search for "thin films" in Full Text gives 65 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Synthesis of naturally-derived macromolecules through simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP

  • Paweł Chmielarz,
  • Tomasz Pacześniak,
  • Katarzyna Rydel-Ciszek,
  • Izabela Zaborniak,
  • Paulina Biedka and
  • Andrzej Sobkowiak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2466–2472, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.243

Graphical Abstract
  • , and 1H NMR prove the successful preparation of the star-shaped polymers. These new polymer materials create potential possibilities of using them as key elements of biologically active thin films in tissue engineering and as drug delivery systems. 1H NMR analysis of QC-Br5 (Mn = 1,050, Ð = 1.11) after
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Published 20 Nov 2017

Synthesis and application of trifluoroethoxy-substituted phthalocyanines and subphthalocyanines

  • Satoru Mori and
  • Norio Shibata

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2273–2296, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.224

Graphical Abstract
  • , it is considered that the performance of solar cells that use per(trifluoroethoxy)phthalocyanine, which exhibits a strong repulsion effect, will be low. It is expected that phthalocyanine will be put to practical use within solar cells by improving the orientation control in thin films. Development
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Published 27 Oct 2017

New electroactive asymmetrical chalcones and therefrom derived 2-amino- / 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)pyrimidines, containing an N-[ω-(4-methoxyphenoxy)alkyl]carbazole fragment: synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties

  • Daria G. Selivanova,
  • Alexei A. Gorbunov,
  • Olga A. Mayorova,
  • Alexander N. Vasyanin,
  • Igor V. Lunegov,
  • Elena V. Shklyaeva and
  • Georgii G. Abashev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1583–1595, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.158

Graphical Abstract
  • properties of the prepared compounds were investigated by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical oxidation of these heterocycles resulted in the formation of thin films on the surface of an ITO working electrode. The morphology of grown films has been investigated by means of
  • executed the electrochemical oxidation of compounds 6–8b using ITO covered glass plate as a working electrode. These processes resulted in the formation of thin films on the surface of the working electrode. Cyclic voltammograms, film images and the study of the morphology of their surface are presented in
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Published 10 Aug 2017

Fast and efficient synthesis of microporous polymer nanomembranes via light-induced click reaction

  • Qi An,
  • Youssef Hassan,
  • Xiaotong Yan,
  • Peter Krolla-Sidenstein,
  • Tawheed Mohammed,
  • Mathias Lang,
  • Stefan Bräse and
  • Manuel Tsotsalas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 558–563, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.54

Graphical Abstract
  • solid liquid interfacial layer-by-layer (LbL) synthesis of CMP-nanomembranes via Cu catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). However, this process featured very long reaction times and limited scalability. Herein we present the synthesis of surface grown CMP thin films and nanomembranes via light
  • induced thiol–yne click reaction. Using this reaction, we could greatly enhance the CMP nanomembrane synthesis and further broaden the variability of the LbL approach. Keywords: click chemistry; conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs); microporous materials; nanomembranes; thin films; thiol–yne coupling
  • catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) approach, respectively [16]. These procedures are still limited to conductive substrates or associated with long reaction times. In this work, we present a novel strategy for the LbL synthesis of CMP thin films and nanomembranes, using the light-induced and
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Published 17 Mar 2017

High performance p-type molecular electron donors for OPV applications via alkylthiophene catenation chromophore extension

  • Paul B. Geraghty,
  • Calvin Lee,
  • Jegadesan Subbiah,
  • Wallace W. H. Wong,
  • James L. Banal,
  • Mohammed A. Jameel,
  • Trevor A. Smith and
  • David J. Jones

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2298–2314, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.223

Graphical Abstract
  • spectra for thin films of the BXxR series, cast from chloroform and subject to both solvent vapour annealing (SVA, THF 20 s) or thermal annealing (TA, 120 °C 10 min, N2), are shown in Figure 5. On increasing the conjugation length from BMR to BPR the expected red-shift in the absorption peaks is now
  • , Figure 5a and d. Crystalline order develops for all films after SVA or TA, (Figure 5b and c). While after annealing λmax corresponds to the lowest energy band for most of the thin films, or the two peaks are close in intensity, BPR is the exception where the long wavelength absorption is a shoulder that
  • structural complexity in the as-cast thin films. BMR shows two emission peaks at 670 nm and 704 nm with a long tail at around 800 nm. A number of absorption peaks are evident for BMR, Figure 5a and d, and these may represent the multiple environments for emission. BBR, BTR and BQR show surprisingly
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Published 02 Nov 2016

Comparing blends and blocks: Synthesis of partially fluorinated diblock polythiophene copolymers to investigate the thermal stability of optical and morphological properties

  • Pierre Boufflet,
  • Sebastian Wood,
  • Jessica Wade,
  • Zhuping Fei,
  • Ji-Seon Kim and
  • Martin Heeney

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2150–2163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.205

Graphical Abstract
  • of thin films spin-cast from hot 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were measured. The thin film UV–visible absorption of polythiophene derivatives can provide some information about the molecular order of the polymer chains, via the interpretation of the vibronic shoulders [52][53][54][55]. In the case of
  • melting and crystallization temperatures, an effect that was predominantly attributed to the increased backbone planarity and rigidity in combination with the increased aggregation it engenders [42]. In order to probe the crystallization behavior of the block copolymers and blends in thin films, DSC was
  • of P3OT and F-P3OT in the same ratio (blue line). The dotted line indicates the corresponding sum of the UV–visible absorption of P3OT and F-P3OT, weighted according to the composition. Thin films were spin cast from hot 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Overlay of thin film UV–visible absorption spectra (a
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Published 10 Oct 2016

A flow reactor setup for photochemistry of biphasic gas/liquid reactions

  • Josef Schachtner,
  • Patrick Bayer and
  • Axel Jacobi von Wangelin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1798–1811, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.170

Graphical Abstract
  • solutions with high attenuation coefficients can be prevented by low-diameter reactor dimensions and flow conditions that favour the formation of thin films along the reactor walls. Energy-saving light bulbs and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of different wavelengths (red, green, blue, white) were used for
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Published 11 Aug 2016

Synthesis and characterization of benzodithiophene and benzotriazole-based polymers for photovoltaic applications

  • Desta Gedefaw,
  • Marta Tessarolo,
  • Margherita Bolognesi,
  • Mario Prosa,
  • Renee Kroon,
  • Wenliu Zhuang,
  • Patrik Henriksson,
  • Kim Bini,
  • Ergang Wang,
  • Michele Muccini,
  • Mirko Seri and
  • Mats R. Andersson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1629–1637, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.160

Graphical Abstract
  • chlorobenzene and in chloroform, respectively) and thin films are reported in Figure 1. The detailed absorption data are summarized in Table 1. Both polymers show a modest peak at 360 nm, likely due to the thiophene side groups linked to the BDT unit [17]. The two evident bands between 500 and 650 nm are likely
  • substitution is likely responsible for the partial twisting of the polymer backbone, however its enhanced solubility should promote the quality of the resulting thin films, highlighting the key role of the side chains to reach the best compromise between solubility and molecular packing in the solid state for
  • optical and electrochemical properties of the pristine polymer thin films as well as the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding solar cells. Indeed, the polymer with dihexylthiophene substituted BDT (PTzBDT-2) showed better solubility and hence formed a well-developed nanomorphology when mixed with
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Published 01 Aug 2016

Star-shaped and linear π-conjugated oligomers consisting of a tetrathienoanthracene core and multiple diketopyrrolopyrrole arms for organic solar cells

  • Hideaki Komiyama,
  • Chihaya Adachi and
  • Takuma Yasuda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1459–1466, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.142

Graphical Abstract
  • -DPP2, under N2 atmosphere, was determined to be 378 and 380 °C, respectively, suggesting the high thermal stability for these compounds as donor materials. Optical properties The UV–vis absorption spectra of TTA-DPP4 and TTA-DPP2 in chloroform solutions and as-spun thin films are depicted in Figure 4
  • consistent with the increment in the oscillator strength revealed by the DFT calculation results. The ICT absorption peaks are slightly red-shifted and broadened in the solid thin films as compared to those in the chloroform solutions, which can be ascribed to molecular aggregation in the condensed solid
  • ), indicating the enhanced photoabsorption property of the four-armed TTA-DPP4 in the visible region. The HOMO energy levels of TTA-DPP4 and TTA-DPP2 in the thin films were determined to be –5.36 and –5.40 eV, respectively, via photoelectron yield spectroscopy (Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1). The
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Published 14 Jul 2016

3,6-Carbazole vs 2,7-carbazole: A comparative study of hole-transporting polymeric materials for inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells

  • Wei Li,
  • Munechika Otsuka,
  • Takehito Kato,
  • Yang Wang,
  • Takehiko Mori and
  • Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1401–1409, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.134

Graphical Abstract
  • properties The UV–vis absorption spectra were employed to evaluate the optical properties of 3,6-Cbz-EDOT and 2,7-Cbz-EDOT. The spectra were measured in CH2Cl2 and in thin films (spin-coated on an ITO glass). The absorption maximum (λmax) of 3,6-Cbz-EDOT in CH2Cl2 was 362 nm, whereas the thin film showed the
  • from the solution to thin film states implied the presence of strong intermolecular interactions between the polymer backbones. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the polymer thin films was measured in CH3CN with 0.1 M (n-C4H9)4NPF6 as the supporting electrolyte at 20 °C. Both polymers displayed irreversible
  • . UV–vis absorption spectra were measured on a JASCO V-670 spectrophotometer. Polymer thin films were prepared on an ITO glass (about 0.8 × 2.5 cm2) by spray-coating of polymer solutions (5.0 g L−1 in CH2Cl2). Electrochemistry measurements were carried out on a BAS electrochemical analyzer model 612C
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Published 07 Jul 2016

Syntheses of dibenzo[d,d']benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b']difuran derivatives and their application to organic field-effect transistors

  • Minh Anh Truong and
  • Koji Nakano

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 805–812, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.79

Graphical Abstract
  • and syn-DNBDF 6 are expected to work as stable semiconducting materials under ambient conditions. Fabrication of OFETs with syn-DBBDF- and syn-DNBDF-based thin films and evaluation of semiconducting properties To study the semiconducting properties of syn-DBBDF 5 and syn-DNBDF 6, bottom-gate/top
  • -contact OTFTs were utilized as a device structure. Thin films of syn-DBBDF 5 and syn-DNBDF 6 were deposited by sublimation under high vacuum (p < 10−5 Pa) at a rate of ca. 1 Å·s−1 for syn-DBBDF and ca. 0.4 Å·s−1 for syn-DNBDF onto the Si/SiO2 substrates. The substrate temperature (Tsub) during deposition
  • has been known to have a great impact on the OTFT performance by affecting the nucleation and growth of the organic molecules [52][53]. Accordingly, the thin films were fabricated at different substrate temperatures. In addition to the bare Si/SiO2 substrates, the HMDS (hexamethyldisilazane)-treated
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Published 26 Apr 2016

Creating molecular macrocycles for anion recognition

  • Amar H. Flood

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 611–627, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.60

Graphical Abstract
  • unexpected; they showed concentration-driven stacking directly on top of one other into uneven multilayered ultra-thin films (Figure 17d) about three to four layers thick. This layering is unusual for such self-assemblies and, thus, this is a fruitful area for us to investigate further by considering how to
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Published 31 Mar 2016

Aggregation behavior of amphiphilic cyclodextrins in a nonpolar solvent: evidence of large-scale structures by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and solution studies

  • Giuseppina Raffaini,
  • Fabio Ganazzoli and
  • Antonino Mazzaglia

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 73–80, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.8

Graphical Abstract
  • investigation of nanoconstructs based on aCD, the dissolution in organic nonpolar solvent is mandatory to prepare stable nanoemulsions [4][8], thin films [9] or organic dispersions for spectroscopic characterization of aCD unimers [10]. In a previous paper ([11], henceforth referred to as paper I) we
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Published 14 Jan 2016

Synthesis and photophysical characteristics of polyfluorene polyrotaxanes

  • Aurica Farcas,
  • Giulia Tregnago,
  • Ana-Maria Resmerita,
  • Pierre-Henri Aubert and
  • Franco Cacialli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2677–2688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.288

Graphical Abstract
  • characteristics of 3, 3·TM-βCD and 3·TM-γCD. The electrochemical data for 3, 3·TM-βCD and 3·TM-γCD copolymers. Advancing contact angle of water and diiodometane measured on spin-coated film of compounds. Roughness and grains parameters collected from 3 × 3 µm2 AFM images of 3, 3·TM-βCD and 3·TM-γCD thin films
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Published 21 Dec 2015

Urethane tetrathiafulvalene derivatives: synthesis, self-assembly and electrochemical properties

  • Xiang Sun,
  • Guoqiao Lai,
  • Zhifang Li,
  • Yuwen Ma,
  • Xiao Yuan,
  • Yongjia Shen and
  • Chengyun Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2343–2349, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.255

Graphical Abstract
  • T1 ( = +0.514 V (I), = +0.841 V (II)). These changes indicated the formation of the CT complex. Electrical conductivity measurements The electrical conductivity of thin films obtained from the T1 and T2 samples with TCNQ (1:1 molar)/I2 (30 min) were further evaluated. To eliminate the influence of
  • contact resistance, the four-probe method was carried out instead of the two-probe method [29][30]. To prepare the thin films, a diluted ethyl acetate solution was dropcasted onto a glass substrates (20 mm × 20 mm) and dried overnight at 40 °C under vacuum. The T1 and T2 films in the neutral state before
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Published 27 Nov 2015

Polythiophene and oligothiophene systems modified by TTF electroactive units for organic electronics

  • Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
  • Neil J. Findlay and
  • Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1749–1766, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.191

Graphical Abstract
  • voltammograms of a thin film of 34 at various scan rates (25 mV, 50 × n mV/s, n = 1–10). Adapted with permission from [73].Copyright 2000 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Spectroelectrochemistry of polymers 37 (a) and 34 (b) as thin films deposited on the working electrode. Adapted with permission from [76
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Published 28 Sep 2015

Dicarboxylic esters: Useful tools for the biocatalyzed synthesis of hybrid compounds and polymers

  • Ivan Bassanini,
  • Karl Hult and
  • Sergio Riva

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1583–1595, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.174

Graphical Abstract
  • synthesis with carbinol (hydroxy) terminated polydimethylsiloxane catalyzed by CAL-B [67]. The curcumin moiety retained its fluorescence properties without quenching in thin films prepared from the polymer. Films exposed to low concentrations of vapors of the explosives DNT and TNT absorbed the explosives
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Published 09 Sep 2015

Thiazole-induced rigidification in substituted dithieno-tetrathiafulvalene: the effect of planarisation on charge transport properties

  • Rupert G. D. Taylor,
  • Joseph Cameron,
  • Iain A. Wright,
  • Neil Thomson,
  • Olena Avramchenko,
  • Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
  • Anto R. Inigo,
  • Tell Tuttle and
  • Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1148–1154, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.129

Graphical Abstract
  • functionalisation [3]. This has led to widespread use of TTF-containing compounds in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices [4][5][6][7] and in organic field effect transistors (OFETs), as both single crystals [8][9] and thin films [10][11] demonstrating charge carrier mobilities of up to 1.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 [2] for single
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Published 10 Jul 2015

IR and electrochemical synthesis and characterization of thin films of PEDOT grown on platinum single crystal electrodes in [EMMIM]Tf2N ionic liquid

  • Andrea P. Sandoval,
  • Marco F. Suárez-Herrera and
  • Juan M. Feliu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.40

Graphical Abstract
  • , E-03080 Alicante, Spain 10.3762/bjoc.11.40 Abstract Thin films of PEDOT synthesized on platinum single electrodes in contact with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium triflimide ([EMMIM]Tf2N) were studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, infrared spectroscopy and atomic force
  • properties. These properties allow their use in several electronic devices [1][2]. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is one of the most conducting and stable (thermal and chemical) conducting polymer. For these reasons PEDOT thin films have been extensively studied [3]. Special attention has been
  • paid to the use of electrochemical methods to synthesize conducting polymers due to the high degree of control afforded during the polymerization reaction. On the other hand, thin films of conducting polymers are more suitable to explore electrochemical properties such as stability, capacitance
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Published 13 Mar 2015

Solution processable diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) cored small molecules with BODIPY end groups as novel donors for organic solar cells

  • Diego Cortizo-Lacalle,
  • Calvyn T. Howells,
  • Upendra K. Pandey,
  • Joseph Cameron,
  • Neil J. Findlay,
  • Anto Regis Inigo,
  • Tell Tuttle,
  • Peter J. Skabara and
  • Ifor D. W. Samuel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2683–2695, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.283

Graphical Abstract
  • Thin films of compound 9 and 10 have favourable absorption when used as a donor for organic photovoltaic applications, absorbing in the region 500–700 nm (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). PC71BM, which absorbs in the range 300–500 nm, was used as an acceptor with these compounds as it gives
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Published 18 Nov 2014

The effect of permodified cyclodextrins encapsulation on the photophysical properties of a polyfluorene with randomly distributed electron-donor and rotaxane electron-acceptor units

  • Aurica Farcas,
  • Ana-Maria Resmerita,
  • Pierre-Henri Aubert,
  • Flavian Farcas,
  • Iuliana Stoica and
  • Anton Airinei

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2145–2156, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.222

Graphical Abstract
  • . The UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of the copolymers 4, 4a and 4b in DCM solutions and thin films are shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, and the results are summarized in Table 2. Figure 6 shows the UV–vis absorption spectra of the copolymers in dilute DCM solution (a) and thin films (b). The
  • . Termogravimetric curves (TG) of the copolymers. DSC traces on second heating scan of 4 (a), 4a (b) and 4b (c). Optical absorption spectra of the copolymers in DCM solutions (c = 1.5∙10−6 mg∙mL−1) (a) and thin films (b). Fluorescence emission spectra of the copolymers in DCM solutions (c = 1.5∙10−6 mg∙mL−1) (a) and
  • thin films (b). Fluorescence lifetime decay traces of 4a polyrotaxane at 440 nm in DCM solution. CV of 4 (a), 4a (b) and 4b (c) in 0.1 M TBAP/ACN solution at scan rate 20 mV∙s−1 copolymer films. Representative AFM images obtained over 20 × 20 and 5 × 5 µm2 areas of the non-rotaxane 4, 4a and 4b
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Published 09 Sep 2014

Theoretical study of the adsorption of benzene on coinage metals

  • Werner Reckien,
  • Melanie Eggers and
  • Thomas Bredow

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1775–1784, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.185

Graphical Abstract
  • ; dispersion correction; template; Introduction The adsorption of organic molecules on metals is of great interest since the formation of thin films and self-assembled monolayers opens the way toward a functionalization of surfaces [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The adsorbed molecules often contain an aromatic
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Published 04 Aug 2014

Aryl substitution of pentacenes

  • Andreas R. Waterloo,
  • Anna-Chiara Sale,
  • Dan Lehnherr,
  • Frank Hampel and
  • Rik R. Tykwinski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1692–1705, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.178

Graphical Abstract
  • properties of the new pentacene chromophores have been analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy (solution and thin films), thermoanalytical methods (DSC and TGA), cyclic voltammetry, as well as X-ray crystallography (for 8 derivatives). X-ray crystallography has been specifically used to study the influence of
  • acetone. UV–vis spectroscopy Aryl pentacenes 3a–k have been studied by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy in CH2Cl2 solutions and as thin films cast from CH2Cl2 onto quartz. Solution-state UV–vis spectra show characteristic absorptions in the high-energy region with a maximum intensity absorption centered at
  • –vis spectra of thin films (drop cast on quartz from a CH2Cl2 solution) for pentacenes a) 3a–c and b) 3i–k. Schematic classification of three common solid-state arrangements of pentacene derivatives a) herringbone packing, b) 1D slipped-stack packing, and c) 2D “bricklayer” packing (as viewed side-on
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Published 28 Jul 2014

One-pot three-component synthesis and photophysical characteristics of novel triene merocyanines

  • Christian Muschelknautz,
  • Robin Visse,
  • Jan Nordmann and
  • Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 599–612, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.51

Graphical Abstract
  • recorded in dichloromethane solution and of thin films prepared by dropcasting of concentrated dichloromethane solutions on glass-probe cuvettes (Table 4). For the powders and films of the merocyanines 8 intense deep-red luminescence was detected upon eyesight. The emission spectra of the films of 8 were
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Published 05 Mar 2014

Bis(benzylamine) monomers: One-pot preparation and application in dendrimer scaffolds for removing pyrene from aqueous environments

  • Olivia N. Monaco,
  • Sarah C. Tomas,
  • Meghan K. Kirrane and
  • Amy M. Balija

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2320–2327, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.266

Graphical Abstract
  • organic pollutants, saturated aqueous solutions of pyrene [28], a representative PAH, were introduced to beakers containing thin films of the hydrophobic dendrimers [29][30]. Aliquots were taken at 30 min, 60 min, and two days, and the pyrene fluorescence intensity was determined by fluorescence
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Published 31 Oct 2013
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