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Search for "conductivity" in Full Text gives 94 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Polythiophene and oligothiophene systems modified by TTF electroactive units for organic electronics

  • Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
  • Neil J. Findlay and
  • Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1749–1766, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.191

Graphical Abstract
  • of the neutral TTF into a mixed valence state and further to an aggregated cation radical; 2) contrary to formation of the cation radical, the oxidation to the dication is not limited by charge transport through the film as the conductivity of the latter is ensured by both charged TTF species and the
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Published 28 Sep 2015

Star-shaped tetrathiafulvalene oligomers towards the construction of conducting supramolecular assembly

  • Masahiko Iyoda and
  • Masashi Hasegawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1596–1613, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.175

Graphical Abstract
  • attention of chemists and physicists on high electrical conductivity and superconductivity with high Tc temperature. Recently, however, TTF and its derivatives are frequently employed as a redox-active moiety for organic electronic devices such as field-effect-transistors (FET), dye-sensitized solar cells
  • hand, the conductivities of the corresponding neutral nanoobjects are determined by pulse-radiolysis or flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity techniques [48][49]. Current-sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM) and combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS
  • ) are also employed for determining the conductivities of nanoobjects [50][51]. The electrical conductivity of nanostructures mainly depends on the alignment of stacked TTFs or their radical salts. The first fibrous material was fabricated by using arborol-TTF 11 in 1994 by Joergensen, Bechgaard, and co
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Published 10 Sep 2015

Synthesis of racemic and chiral BEDT-TTF derivatives possessing hydroxy groups and their achiral and chiral charge transfer complexes

  • Sara J. Krivickas,
  • Chiho Hashimoto,
  • Junya Yoshida,
  • Akira Ueda,
  • Kazuyuki Takahashi,
  • John D. Wallis and
  • Hatsumi Mori

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1561–1569, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.172

Graphical Abstract
  • )methyloxazoline)2X, (52X, X = AsF6 [7], PF6 [8]) where disorder within the racemic salt leads to lower conductivity. Recently, Pop et al., have also reported electrical magnetochiral anisotropy in chiral molecular conductors, (R,R)- and (S,S)-[dimethyl-(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene]2ClO4 (62ClO4) [9][10
  • current electrical conductivity measurement was made by the conventional four-probe method using carbon paste and gold wires. Synthesis of racemic-1 trans-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-5,6-dihydro[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiine-2-thione (9). A solution of trithione 7 (1 g, 5.1 mmol, 1 equiv) and alkene 8
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Published 08 Sep 2015

Tetrathiafulvalene-based azine ligands for anion and metal cation coordination

  • Awatef Ayadi,
  • Aziz El Alamy,
  • Olivier Alévêque,
  • Magali Allain,
  • Nabil Zouari,
  • Mohammed Bouachrine and
  • Abdelkrim El-Ghayoury

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1379–1391, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.149

Graphical Abstract
  • derivatives [1] has been initiated by the high electrical conductivity discovered in a chloride salt of TTF [2] and metallic behavior in the charge-transfer complex with 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ) [3]. These systems have played a major role for the preparation of molecular materials designed
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Published 07 Aug 2015

New tris- and pentakis-fused donors containing extended tetrathiafulvalenes: New positive electrode materials for rechargeable batteries

  • Shintaro Iwamoto,
  • Yuu Inatomi,
  • Daisuke Ogi,
  • Satoshi Shibayama,
  • Yukiko Murakami,
  • Minami Kato,
  • Kazuyuki Takahashi,
  • Kazuyoshi Tanaka,
  • Nobuhiko Hojo and
  • Yohji Misaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1136–1147, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.128

Graphical Abstract
  • ]. Fused TTF donors also play important roles in the development of highly functional materials. For example, TTP and its derivatives have yielded a large number of molecular conductors retaining metallic conductivity down to ≤4.2 K, because they have a tendency to construct two-dimensional molecular
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Published 08 Jul 2015

Regioselective synthesis of chiral dimethyl-bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene sulfones

  • Flavia Pop and
  • Narcis Avarvari

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1105–1111, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.124

Graphical Abstract
  • conductivity in enantiopure mixed-valence metallic salts formulated as [DM-EDT-TTF]2[ClO4] [11]. This is referred to as the electrical magnetochiral anisotropy (eMChA) effect. This effect, which translates the influence of chirality on the transport properties measured in a parallel magnetic field [12], was
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Published 02 Jul 2015

Carboxylated dithiafulvenes and tetrathiafulvalene vinylogues: synthesis, electronic properties, and complexation with zinc ions

  • Yunfei Wang and
  • Yuming Zhao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 957–965, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.107

Graphical Abstract
  • materials and supramolecular assemblies [1][2][3][4][5], since the first discovery by Wudl and others in the early 1970s that TTF upon interactions with suitable electron acceptors could give rise to charge-transfer complexes exhibiting excellent metallic conductivity [6][7]. The remarkable electron
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Published 03 Jun 2015

TTFs nonsymmetrically fused with alkylthiophenic moieties

  • Rafaela A. L. Silva,
  • Bruno J. C. Vieira,
  • Marta M. Andrade,
  • Isabel C. Santos,
  • Sandra Rabaça,
  • Dulce Belo and
  • Manuel Almeida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 628–637, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.71

Graphical Abstract
  • in a polycrystalline sample, with an electrical conductivity at room temperature of 200 S/cm. These complexes have been prepared from cyanoethyl-substituted TTF-thiophenedithiolates [9][11]. One of the limitations in the study of these complexes and their possible applications is their low solubility
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Published 05 May 2015

Electrochemical oxidation of cholesterol

  • Jacek W. Morzycki and
  • Andrzej Sobkowiak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 392–402, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.45

Graphical Abstract
  • cell was responsible for the appearance of cholesteryl acetate (1a) among the oxidation products. To avoid this problem the anodic and cathodic parts of the cell were connected with an electrolytic bridge, which contained acetonitrile among other components to increase conductivity. However, its
  • ., dichloromethane, which lowers the conductivity of the supporting electrolyte. Therefore, the galvanostatic regime of electrolyzes is often applied, which favors the occurrence of side reactions. The cholesterol oxidation products are often adsorbed at the electrode surface, which lowers the effectiveness of the
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Published 25 Mar 2015

IR and electrochemical synthesis and characterization of thin films of PEDOT grown on platinum single crystal electrodes in [EMMIM]Tf2N ionic liquid

  • Andrea P. Sandoval,
  • Marco F. Suárez-Herrera and
  • Juan M. Feliu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.40

Graphical Abstract
  • reaction of PEDOT were studied using in situ FTIR spectroscopy. Keywords: AFM; [EMMIM]Tf2N ionic liquid; in situ IR; PEDOT; Pt single crystals; Introduction Conducting polymers have been subject of an intense research during the last decades because they exhibit high conductivity and interesting optical
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Published 13 Mar 2015

Anionic sigmatropic-electrocyclic-Chugaev cascades: accessing 12-aryl-5-(methylthiocarbonylthio)tetracenes and a related anthra[2,3-b]thiophene

  • Laurence Burroughs,
  • John Ritchie,
  • Mkhethwa Ngwenya,
  • Dilfaraz Khan,
  • William Lewis and
  • Simon Woodward

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 273–279, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.31

Graphical Abstract
  • (ca. 800 nm) of 7a and 7j showed dielectric behaviour (σ <10−10 S cm−1) indicating that additional derivitisation and radical cation salt formation is required for the attainment of high electrical conductivity, as in the case of tetrathiotetracene [30]. Conclusion Typical [3,3]-sigmatropic
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Published 20 Feb 2015

Release of β-galactosidase from poloxamine/α-cyclodextrin hydrogels

  • César A. Estévez,
  • José Ramón Isasi,
  • Eneko Larrañeta and
  • Itziar Vélaz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3127–3135, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.330

Graphical Abstract
  • molecular weight M90R4 ≈ 7200 g/mol (as given by the manufacturer). The chemical composition was determined by 1H NMR: PO16EO18 per arm (Figure 6). Dissolution media were prepared using type I deionized water (Millipore Elix 3, minimum resistivity at 25 °C, 18 MOhm, electrical conductivity <0.1 µS/cm
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Published 24 Dec 2014

Synthesis of an organic-soluble π-conjugated [3]rotaxane via rotation of glucopyranose units in permethylated β-cyclodextrin

  • Jun Terao,
  • Yohei Konoshima,
  • Akitoshi Matono,
  • Hiroshi Masai,
  • Tetsuaki Fujihara and
  • Yasushi Tsuji

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2800–2808, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.297

Graphical Abstract
  • ; permethylated cyclodextrin; [3]rotaxane; Introduction Insulated molecular wires (IMWs) [1][2], which feature π-conjugated polymer chains covered by protective sheaths, have attracted considerable attention as next-generation mono-molecular electronic devices because of their potential conductivity and
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Published 28 Nov 2014

Mono- and multilayers of molecular spoked carbazole wheels on graphite

  • Stefan-S. Jester,
  • A. Vikas Aggarwal,
  • Daniel Kalle and
  • Sigurd Höger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2783–2788, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.295

Graphical Abstract
  • scheme as shown in Figure 2b is proposed. Alternatively, it cannot be excluded that all intraannular alkoxy chains point to the solution phase. Due to the high flexibility and the weak electrical conductivity of the alkoxy chains, this commonly does (rather) not affect the image quality if the molecules
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Published 27 Nov 2014

Self-assembled monolayers of shape-persistent macrocycles on graphite: interior design and conformational polymorphism

  • Joscha Vollmeyer,
  • Friederike Eberhagen,
  • Sigurd Höger and
  • Stefan-S. Jester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2774–2782, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.294

Graphical Abstract
  • , interfere with the STM tip. However, the high flexibility, the low electric conductivity, and the low number of only two dangling alkyl chains per molecule allow a (rather) undisturbed STM imaging. In addition, the molecules are still fixed on the substrate by the remaining six adsorbed side chains and the
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Published 26 Nov 2014

Detonation nanodiamonds biofunctionalization and immobilization to titanium alloy surfaces as first steps towards medical application

  • Juliana P. L. Gonçalves,
  • Afnan Q. Shaikh,
  • Manuela Reitzig,
  • Daria A. Kovalenko,
  • Jan Michael,
  • René Beutner,
  • Gianaurelio Cuniberti,
  • Dieter Scharnweber and
  • Jörg Opitz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2765–2773, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.293

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  • nanodiamonds are a promising nanoscale material in various applications such as microelectronics, polishing, optical monitoring, medicine and biotechnology. Beyond the typical diamond characteristics like extreme hardness or high thermal conductivity, they have additional benefits as intrinsic fluorescence due
  • its outstanding properties, like extreme hardness and high thermal conductivity [1][2][3]. Beyond this, lattice defects, predominantly originating from nitrogen vacancy centers [4][5], enable fluorescence without photobleaching. Nanodiamonds can thus be used as markers for optical monitoring [6][7
  • Na2SO4 was used as an electrolyte. The pH of an equal mixture of buffer and nanodiamond suspension is set to be 7.42 with an electrical conductivity of 8.70 mS/cm. Immobilization of modified ND For immobilization and incorporation experiments, a setup developed by Michael et al. [22] is used. It consists
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Published 26 Nov 2014

Electrocarboxylation: towards sustainable and efficient synthesis of valuable carboxylic acids

  • Roman Matthessen,
  • Jan Fransaer,
  • Koen Binnemans and
  • Dirk E. De Vos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2484–2500, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.260

Graphical Abstract
  • ]. Their negligible vapor pressure, large electrochemical window, good intrinsic conductivity and high CO2 solubility make them interesting solvents for electrochemical CO2 valorization [81][82][83][99][100][101]. Under similar conditions, ketones are carboxylated with higher selectivity for the α-hydroxy
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Published 27 Oct 2014

Molecular ordering at electrified interfaces: Template and potential effects

  • Thanh Hai Phan and
  • Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2243–2254, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.233

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  • electrode, while a Pt wire is employed as counter electrode. High purity water from a Milli-Q purification system (conductivity > 18 MΩ·cm, TOC < 4 ppb) and highest reagent grade chemicals were used for the preparation of all solutions. All electrolyte solutions were purged with oxygen-free argon gas for
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Published 23 Sep 2014

Efficient CO2 capture by tertiary amine-functionalized ionic liquids through Li+-stabilized zwitterionic adduct formation

  • Zhen-Zhen Yang and
  • Liang-Nian He

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1959–1966, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.204

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  • . These efforts include the development of liquid and solid absorbents and membranes [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Ionic liquids (ILs), which have attractive properties such as negligible vapor pressure, a wide liquid temperature ranges, good thermal stability, high ionic conductivity, and versatile solvation
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Published 21 Aug 2014

Pd/C-catalyzed aerobic oxidative esterification of alcohols and aldehydes: a highly efficient microwave-assisted green protocol

  • Marina Caporaso,
  • Giancarlo Cravotto,
  • Spyros Georgakopoulos,
  • George Heropoulos,
  • Katia Martina and
  • Silvia Tagliapietra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1454–1461, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.149

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  • thanks to its high electrical and thermal conductivity [46][47]. It is now widely accepted that MW can dramatically enhance reaction rates in organic synthesis [48], while the kinetics and yields of any chemical modification are strongly improved by the optimal heat transfer provided by selective
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Published 26 Jun 2014

Substitution effect and effect of axle’s flexibility at (pseudo-)rotaxanes

  • Friedrich Malberg,
  • Jan Gerit Brandenburg,
  • Werner Reckien,
  • Oldamur Hollóczki,
  • Stefan Grimme and
  • Barbara Kirchner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1299–1307, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.131

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  • –Sham frontier orbitals of wheel and axle upon conductivity and electron tunneling along the rotaxane [21]. A quantum chemical shuttling motion study of rotaxane-based molecular switching devices has revealed how the modification of the redox states of both entities results in changes of the
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Published 05 Jun 2014

Automated solid-phase peptide synthesis to obtain therapeutic peptides

  • Veronika Mäde,
  • Sylvia Els-Heindl and
  • Annette G. Beck-Sickinger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1197–1212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.118

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  • special features such as automated monitoring (e.g., via chromophors [67] or conductivity [68]), microwave heating, capability for inert atmosphere and automated peptide cleavage [65]. The systems are mostly based on filtration by vacuum or pressure application [69], or centrifugation [70] and can work in
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Published 22 May 2014

Columnar/herringbone dual crystal packing of pyrenylsumanene and its photophysical properties

  • Binod Babu Shrestha,
  • Shuhei Higashibayashi and
  • Hidehiro Sakurai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 841–847, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.80

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  • of the columns: unidirectional (Figure 1a) and opposite (Figure 1b). These columnar structures allow buckybowls to exhibit specific solid-state properties, including high electron conductivity and solid-state emission [14][15][16][17][18]. In contrast, planar π-conjugated aromatic compounds tend to
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Published 11 Apr 2014

Unusual polymorphism in new bent-shaped liquid crystals based on biphenyl as a central molecular core

  • Anna Kovářová,
  • Svatopluk Světlík,
  • Václav Kozmík,
  • Jiří Svoboda,
  • Vladimíra Novotná,
  • Damian Pociecha,
  • Ewa Gorecka and
  • Natalia Podoliak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 794–807, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.75

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  • parameter of the relaxation, ε0 is the permittivity of a vacuum, ε∞ is the high frequency permittivity and n, m, A are the parameters of fitting. The terms in brackets of Equation 1 are used to eliminate a low frequency contribution from DC conductivity, σ, and a high frequency contribution due to
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Published 07 Apr 2014

Continuous flow nitration in miniaturized devices

  • Amol A. Kulkarni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 405–424, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.38

Graphical Abstract
  • conversion rate but lower selectivity for the desired product. Contrary to a patent description [45], glass is less suited than metal SS316 or Hastelloy due to lower thermal conductivity. Thus, the choice of material of the reactor plays a significant role in controlling the yield and selectivity of the
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Published 14 Feb 2014
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