Halogen-containing thiazole orange analogues – new fluorogenic DNA stains

• Aleksey A. Vasilev,
• Meglena I. Kandinska,
• Stanimir S. Stoyanov,
• Stanislava B. Yordanova,
• David Sucunza,
• Juan J. Vaquero,
• Obis D. Castaño,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Silvia E. Angelova

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2902–2914, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.283

• monofluoro-substituted dye TO-1F. Reagents, conditions and yields: (i) sodium methanethiolate (NaSCH3), 7 h, reflux; (ii) methyl iodide, overnight, overall yield for (i) and (ii) 9%; (iii) 5-fluoro-2,3-dimethylbenzothiazolium iodide and triethylamine, rt, overnight, yield 24%. Synthesis of new halogen

CF₃SO₂X (X = Na, Cl) as reagents for trifluoromethylation, trifluoromethylsulfenyl-, -sulfinyl- and -sulfonylation. Part 1: Use of CF₃SO₂Na

• Hélène Guyon,
• Hélène Chachignon and
• Dominique Cahard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2764–2799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.272

Vinylphosphonium and 2-aminovinylphosphonium salts – preparation and applications in organic synthesis

• Anna Kuźnik,
• Roman Mazurkiewicz and
• Beata Fryczkowska

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2710–2738, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.269

• alkyl halides. Shutt and Trippett were able to alkylate vinylphosphines with methyl iodide or benzyl iodide, although attempts to use other alkyl halides, including benzyl bromide, ethyl bromoacetate and ethyl iodoacetate, in the presence of aprotic solvents provided only β-phosphonioylides 2 or

• addition reaction only in reactions with methyl iodide and benzyl iodide [9]. A similar alkylation of isopropenyldiphenylphosphine with methyl iodide in ether solution under a nitrogen atmosphere leading to isopropenylmethyldiphenylphosphonium iodide (3) in a yield of 97% was described by Schweizer and

• phosphorus ylides from vinylphosphonium salts. Intramolecular Wittig reaction with the use of vinylphosphonium salts. Alkylation of diphenylvinylphosphine with methyl or benzyl iodide. Methylation of isopropenyldiphenylphosphine with methyl iodide. Alkylation of phosphines with allyl halide derivatives and

Synthesis of 2-aminosuberic acid derivatives as components of some histone deacetylase inhibiting cyclic tetrapeptides

• Shital Kumar Chattopadhyay,
• Suman Sil and
• Jyoti Prasad Mukherjee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2153–2156, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.214

• an overall yield of 42% over five steps. One-pot deprotection–oxidation [14] of the oxazolidine moiety in 9 proceeded uneventfully to provide N-Boc-2-amino-6-heptenoic acid (10) in good yield. The latter was smothly protected as its methyl ester using methyl iodide in the presence of cesium carbonate

Synthesis of benzannelated sultams by intramolecular Pd-catalyzed arylation of tertiary sulfonamides

• Valentin A. Rassadin,
• Mirko Scholz,
• Anastasiia A. Klochkova,
• Armin de Meijere and
• Victor V. Sokolov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1932–1939, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.187

• methyl iodide (Scheme 2). Unfortunately, this apparently simple transformation yielded a mixture of C-, N- and C,N-methylation products due to similar reactivities of the C- and N-nucleophilic centers in 3a. At best, the tertiary sulfonamide 5 was isolated in 32% yield. In contrast to the behavior of 3a

The chemistry and biology of mycolactones

• Matthias Gehringer and
• Karl-Heinz Altmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1596–1660, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.159

A novel approach to oxoisoaporphine alkaloids via regioselective metalation of alkoxy isoquinolines

• Benedikt C. Melzer and
• Franz Bracher

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.156

• DreM did not appear to be promising. Finally, the alkaloids 6-O-demethylmenisporphine (4) and dauriporphinoline (5) were converted into their corresponding 6-methoxy derivatives, the oxoisoaporphine alkaloids menisporphine (2) and dauriporphine (3). Using Kunitomo’s [7][17] protocol (methyl iodide in

A speedy route to sterically encumbered, benzene-fused derivatives of privileged, naturally occurring hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline

• Olga Bakulina,
• Alexander Ivanov,
• Vitalii Suslonov,
• Dmitry Dar’in and
• Mikhail Krasavin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1413–1424, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.138

• to give pure compound 10. General procedure 3. Synthesis of methyl esters 10'. The Castagnoli–Cushman product 10 was dissolved in dry acetone (10 mL per 1 mmol). Methyl iodide (2.5 equiv) and K2CO3 (2.5 equiv) were added to the solution and the resulting suspension was stirred for 24 h at room

Total syntheses of the archazolids: an emerging class of novel anticancer drugs

• Stephan Scheeff and
• Dirk Menche

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1085–1098, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.108

• borohydride delivered the desired alcohol in a 10:1 diastereoselectivity. The alcohol was methylated by a protocol involving methyl iodide and LiHMDS, that had been previously used by the group [45]. The stannane was finally converted to the iodide 55 by iododestannylation [95] to complete the fragment

Transition-metal-free one-pot synthesis of alkynyl selenides from terminal alkynes under aerobic and sustainable conditions

• Adrián A. Heredia and
• Alicia B. Peñéñory

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 910–918, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.92

• -octyl bromide by the corresponding tosylated compound, the yield of 5a decreased from 78% to 67% (Table 3, entries 1 and 2). A comparable reactivity was found for the reactions with methyl iodide and n-butyl bromide, affording 5b and 5c in 77% and 79% yields, respectively (Table 3, entries 3 and 4

Fluorinated cyclohexanes: Synthesis of amine building blocks of the all-cis 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexylamine motif

• Tetiana Bykova,
• Nawaf Al-Maharik,
• Alexandra M. Z. Slawin and
• David O'Hagan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 728–733, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.72

• building blocks for discovery chemistry programmes. The synthesis starts from a Birch reduction of benzonitrile, followed by an in situ methyl iodide quench. The resultant 2,5-cyclohexadiene was progressed via double epoxidations and then hydrofluorination ring opening reactions. The resultant fluorohydrin

• reduction on benzoic acid, quenching with methyl iodide, and then subsequent conversion of the cyclohexadiene product to a tetrafluorocycloheane motif [11]. The methyl group was a design feature to block hydrogen fluoride elimination from the position alpha to the aldehyde. The diastereoisomers of all cis

• -tetrafluorocyclohexane aldehydes 4 were used successfully in Ugi multicomponent reactions [11][12]. In this paper we report the preparation of amines of this series starting from a Birch reduction on benzonitrile, and with a similar methyl iodide quench, to generate amines 5, which are stable to hydrogen fluoride

Derivatives of the triaminoguanidinium ion, 5. Acylation of triaminoguanidines leading to symmetrical tris(acylamino)guanidines and mesoionic 1,2,4-triazolium-3-aminides

• Jan Szabo,
• Julian Greiner and
• Gerhard Maas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 579–588, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.57

• atom of the betaine; in contrast to other 1,2,4-triazolium-3-aminides [21][23], methylation with methyl iodide was not successful. Salt 9b forms colorless hygroscopic crystals which assume an orange surface color when exposed to air for some minutes. The structures of 1,2,4-triazolium salts 8b and 9b

Total synthesis of a Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 12F CPS repeating unit hexasaccharide

• Peter H. Seeberger,
• Claney L. Pereira and
• Subramanian Govindan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 164–173, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.19

• basic conditions using methyl iodide in 32% yield over three steps [41]. Next, TMSOTf activation of fucosyl trichloroacetimidate 8 (Scheme 1) catalyzed the glycosylation of methyl uronate 48 to afford pentasaccharide 49 exclusively as the α-isomer by virtue of remote participation of the 3-O-acetate

O-Alkylated heavy atom carbohydrate probes for protein X-ray crystallography: Studies towards the synthesis of methyl 2-O-methyl-L-selenofucopyranoside

• Roman Sommer,
• Dirk Hauck,
• Annabelle Varrot,
• Anne Imberty,
• Markus Künzler and
• Alexander Titz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2828–2833, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.282

• instability in our system was likely resulting both from the more reactive methyl aglycon and the more reactive fucose carbohydrate part, in analogy to the differences in reactivity of related thioglycosides [37]. Next, the free hydroxy group was methylated using methyl iodide to give derivative 6 in 67

A versatile route to polythiophenes with functional pendant groups using alkyne chemistry

• Xiao Huang,
• Li Yang,
• Rikard Emanuelsson,
• Jonas Bergquist,
• Maria Strømme,
• Martin Sjödin and
• Adolf Gogoll

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2682–2688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.265

• carbon of the pendant group precursors, with yields of 61% (9), 82% (10) and 65% (12), respectively. Methylation of bipyridyl intermediate 10 by methyl iodide produced viologen derivative 11 after exchanging the iodide for the PF6− anion. For the methylation step drying of both the reactants 10 and

• methyl iodide and the solvent was essential, since its omission resulted in polymerization of the viologen-pyEDOT, as indicated by 1H NMR (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S11). We suspect that the polymerization was triggered by the acid generated from methyl iodide reacting with water

Synthesis of highly functionalized 2,2'-bipyridines by cyclocondensation of β-ketoenamides – scope and limitations

• Paul Hommes and
• Hans-Ulrich Reissig

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1170–1177, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.112

• or O-nonaflation led to functionalized pyridine derivatives. Scheme 1 illustrates this sequence with the synthesis of two 2,2´-bipyridine derivatives 4a or 5b that were obtained by employing picolinic acid chloride for the N-acylations followed by O-methylation with methyl iodide or by O-nonaflation

Synthesis of 2-oxindoles via 'transition-metal-free' intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling (IDC) of sp² C–H and sp³ C–H bonds

• Nivesh Kumar,
• Santanu Ghosh,
• Subhajit Bhunia and
• Alakesh Bisai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.111

• -catalyzed decarboxylative strategies [47]. Results and Discussion We decided to use iodine as an oxidant for the synthesis of 2-oxindoles [48][49][50][51][52][53], starting from β-N-arylamido ester 3a and methyl iodide as the substrates (Table 1). An elaborate optimization study suggested that the

• methylation can be done in the presence of 1.2 equivalents of KOt-Bu and 1.1 equivalents of methyl iodide. This was accompanied with an oxidative coupling using 1.2 equivalents of KOt-Bu and iodine to afford the desired product in 65% yield (Table 1, entries 1 and 2). Optimization studies in search of

Effective immobilisation of a metathesis catalyst bearing an ammonium-tagged NHC ligand on various solid supports

• Krzysztof Skowerski,
• Jacek Białecki,
• Stefan J. Czarnocki,
• Karolina Żukowska and
• Karol Grela

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 5–15, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.2

• quaternary ammonium group attached to the NHC ligand (Figure 2) [43][44][45][46][47]. These, now commercially available [48], complexes were synthesised by on-site quarternisation of catalysts containing a tertiary amine functional group with the use of either methyl chloride or methyl iodide. This simple

Robust bifunctional aluminium–salen catalysts for the preparation of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides

• Yuri A. Rulev,
• Zalina Gugkaeva,
• Victor I. Maleev,
• Michael North and
• Yuri N. Belokon

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1614–1623, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.176

• [30]. Ligand 7 was efficiently alkylated under mild reaction conditions using either methyl iodide or benzyl bromide, giving the corresponding positively charged salen ligands 8a and 8b in 95 and 78% yields respectively. The aluminium–salen complexes were prepared by treating 8a and 8b with

• . 5,5'-((1E,1'E)-((1R,2R)-Cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(3-(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenaminium iodide) (8a) To a solution of 7 (100 mg, 0.192 mmol) in dry acetonitrile (5 mL) was added methyl iodide (271 mg, 1.92 mmol). The solution was stirred at room

The enantioselective synthesis of (S)-(+)-mianserin and (S)-(+)-epinastine

• Piotr Roszkowski,
• Jan. K. Maurin and
• Zbigniew Czarnocki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1509–1513, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.164

• , desmethylmianserin (10) was obtained in 81% yield by reduction of the carbonyl groups using a 1.0 M solution of lithium aluminum hydride in THF. Finally, the reaction between derivative 10 and methyl iodide led to optical pure (S)-(+)-mianserin (1) (as confirmed by chiral HPLC) in 67% yield. In order to obtain

Selected synthetic strategies to cyclophanes

• Sambasivarao Kotha,
• Mukesh E. Shirbhate and
• Gopalkrushna T. Waghule

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1274–1331, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.142

The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry

• Marcus Baumann and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1194–1219, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.134

• an iodine mediated aromatisation, followed by high temperature mono-methylation using dimethyl carbonate/dimethylimidazole as a more benign alternative to methyl iodide at scale. The subsequent Claisen condensation step between ketone 112 and diethyl oxalate (113) was reportedly hampered by product

Hybrid macrocycle formation and spiro annulation on cis-syn-cis-tricyclo[6.3.0.0^2,6]undeca-3,11-dione and its congeners via ring-closing metathesis

• Sambasivarao Kotha,
• Ajay Kumar Chinnam and
• Rashid Ali

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1123–1128, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.126

•  2). The structure of the diindole 8 has been established on the basis of 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. The presence of 12 signals in the 13C NMR spectrum clearly indicated that the Cs-symmetry is present in molecule 8. Later, the diindole derivative was treated with methyl iodide in the presence

Advances in the synthesis of functionalised pyrrolotetrathiafulvalenes

• Luke J. O’Driscoll,
• Sissel S. Andersen,
• Marta V. Solano,
• Dan Bendixen,
• Morten Jensen,
• Troels Duedal,
• Jess Lycoops,
• Cornelia van der Pol,
• Rebecca E. Sørensen,
• Karina R. Larsen,
• Kenneth Myntman,
• Christian Henriksen,
• Stinne W. Hansen and
• Jan O. Jeppesen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1112–1122, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.125

• complex alkylating agents can be successfully used in place of methyl iodide. For example, functionalised ethylene glycol oligomers have been used in the preparation of rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes [28][41][42][45]. Although CsOH·H2O is most commonly used, other bases are also known to remove the

• a common, protected MPTTF intermediate, such as 4a, 4b or 4e, in large quantities, particularly in light of the good stability of the cyanoethyl and tosyl protecting groups. As a simple example of this protocol, it has previously been shown that caesium hydroxide monohydrate (CsOH·H2O) and methyl

• iodide can be used to accomplish the transformation of 2-cyanoethyl thioethers to methyl thioethers in high yield for both TTFs [38] and MPTTFs [25]. Thus deprotection and alkylation are achieved in a single synthetic step (e.g. the preparation of 4h from 4a in Scheme 4). Furthermore, when R1 and R2 are

Quarternization of 3-azido-1-propyne oligomers obtained by copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition polymerization

• Shun Nakano,
• Akihito Hashidzume and
• Takahiro Sato

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1037–1042, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.116

• –alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) polymerization, were quarternized quantitatively with methyl iodide in sulfolane at 60 °C to obtain soluble oligomers. The conformation of the quarternized oligoAP in dilute DMSO-d6 solution was examined by pulse-field-gradient spin-echo NMR based on the touched bead model

• . Keywords: 3-azido-1-propyne oligomer; CuAAC polymerization; hydrodynamic radius; methyl iodide; pulse-field-gradient spin-echo NMR; quarternization; Introduction The copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) efficiently yields 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole from rather stable azides and

• the quarternized AP oligomer may be applied as a polymeric ionic liquid or a precursor of polymeric ionic liquids. In this study, we investigate quarternization of an AP oligomer with methyl iodide to obtain a soluble oligomer (Scheme 1b) and characterize the quarternized oligomer in dilute solutions