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Search for "green" in Full Text gives 1013 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.

Generation of alkyl and acyl radicals by visible-light photoredox catalysis: direct activation of C–O bonds in organic transformations

  • Mithu Roy,
  • Bitan Sardar,
  • Itu Mallick and
  • Dipankar Srimani

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1348–1375, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.119

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  • heightened by the current energy crisis and the adverse impacts of industrialization. The development of green and energy-efficient methods in organic chemistry that use renewable sources of starting materials is considered highly sustainable [1][2][3]. Radical reactions have profound applications in organic
  • promote green chemistry principles. In this regard, in 2019, Banerjee et al. published a review article on the generation of acyl radicals in the presence of visible light [22]. Therein, they discussed the various ways in which visible light can generate acyl radicals from different organic molecules to
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Published 14 Jun 2024
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  • , chloroform, etc. Despite recent efforts by 'green chemists', synthetic chemists still use these traditional toxic organic solvents in many of their reactions, even though safer alternatives are available. However, in addition to the harmful effects of these petrochemical solvents on the environment, the
  • prediction that their resources will run out in the near future has led 'green chemists' to explore solvents that can be derived from renewable resources and used effectively in various organic transformations. In this context, we have shown for the first time that the 100% atom-economical tandem Diels–Alder
  • Diels–Alder reactions and can be used repeatedly without significant degradation. These materials also allow the reaction to be completed in less time, with less energy consumption and higher yields. Keywords: biobased solvent; epoxyisoindoles; furanics; green chemistry; intramolecular Diels–Alder
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Published 06 Jun 2024

Oxidative hydrolysis of aliphatic bromoalkenes: scope study and reactivity insights

  • Amol P. Jadhav and
  • Claude Y. Legault

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1286–1291, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.111

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  • Amol P. Jadhav Claude Y. Legault Department of Chemistry, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada 10.3762/bjoc.20.111 Abstract We have developed an operationally simple method for the synthesis of dialkyl α-bromoketones from bromoalkenes by
  • Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), and the Université de Sherbrooke.
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Published 03 Jun 2024

Mechanistic investigations of polyaza[7]helicene in photoredox and energy transfer catalysis

  • Johannes Rocker,
  • Till J. B. Zähringer,
  • Matthias Schmitz,
  • Till Opatz and
  • Christoph Kerzig

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1236–1245, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.106

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  • air-saturated solution (red spectrum) and used it to separate the signal that only stems from the oxidative quenching step (green spectrum). This correction likely overestimates the contribution of the two-photon process to the radical cation signal in the presence of 4CP, considering that quenching
  • (blue) and phosphorescence (green) spectra measured at 77 K in MeOH/EtOH (4:1). B) Transient absorption spectra of 25 µM (initial ground-state absorbance at the laser wavelength, 0.2) Aza-H in Ar-saturated (black) and air-saturated (red) MeCN/H2O (9:1) recorded after 250 ns and the difference spectrum
  • . Mechanistic LFP experiments of 25 µM Aza-H with 4CP in MeCN/H2O (9:1) after 355 nm laser pulses. A) TA spectra recorded after 250 ns of solely Aza-H in air-saturated solution (red), in Ar-saturated solution with 200 mM 4CP (blue) and the difference spectrum of both (green). Inset: Kinetic traces of Aza-H with
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Published 28 May 2024

The Ugi4CR as effective tool to access promising anticancer isatin-based α-acetamide carboxamide oxindole hybrids

  • Carolina S. Marques,
  • Aday González-Bakker and
  • José M. Padrón

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1213–1220, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.104

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  • ]. Carboxylic acids 2 and aldehydes/ketones 3 used in the Ugi4CR. GI50 range plot against human solid tumor cell lines of investigated α-acetamide carboxamide isatin hybrids. Green most potent, yellow intermediate, red less potent. (A) Library of isatin-based α-acetamide carboxamide oxindole derivatives
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Published 27 May 2024

Introduction of peripheral nitrogen atoms to cyclo-meta-phenylenes

  • Koki Ikemoto and
  • Hiroyuki Isobe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1207–1212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.103

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  • on the 0.0067 e·Å−3 isosurface for the electron density. Response towards acid treatment with nitrogen-doped CMPs. (a) Absorption spectra of 3a (CHCl3, 2.3 × 10−6 M) in the absence (black) and presence of trifluoroacetic acid (green: 4.3 × 10−2 M, blue: 2.1 × 10−1 M, red: 4.2 × 10−1 M). (b
  • ) Absorption spectra of 6 (CHCl3, 1.9 × 10−6 M) in the absence (black) and presence of trifluoroacetic acid (green: 4.3 × 10−2 M, blue: 2.1 × 10−1 M, red: 4.2 × 10−1 M). Syntheses of 3a and 3b. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 50: Experimental and copies of spectra. Supporting Information
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Published 24 May 2024

Stability trends in carbocation intermediates stemming from germacrene A and hedycaryol

  • Naziha Tarannam,
  • Prashant Kumar Gupta,
  • Shani Zev and
  • Dan Thomas Major

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1189–1197, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.101

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  • electron density (ρ) and the reduced-density gradient (RDG, s). The NCIplot provides qualitative information, and it can successfully map real-space regions where non-covalent interactions are prominent. The resulting plots have a color scheme of red–green–blue scale, where red represents attractive
  • are represented by dark shades. 6-6 bicyclic molecules are colored purple, 5-7 bicyclic molecules with the carbocation present on the seven membered ring in green, and 5-7 bicyclic molecules with the carbocation on the five membered ring in brown. NCI plot for A (left) and B (right). Blue corresponds
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Published 23 May 2024

Bismuth(III) triflate: an economical and environmentally friendly catalyst for the Nazarov reaction

  • Manoel T. Rodrigues Jr.,
  • Aline S. B. de Oliveira,
  • Ralph C. Gomes,
  • Amanda Soares Hirata,
  • Lucas A. Zeoly,
  • Hugo Santos,
  • João Arantes,
  • Catarina Sofia Mateus Reis-Silva,
  • João Agostinho Machado-Neto,
  • Leticia Veras Costa-Lotufo and
  • Fernando Coelho

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1167–1178, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.99

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  • classical Nazarov reaction. With the growing environmental concern and the need to use green reagents, interest in the use of bismuth in organic synthesis has increased significantly, as is reflected by the large number of works dedicated to this topic [52][53][54]. In addition to the replacement of toxic
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Published 21 May 2024

Manganese-catalyzed C–C and C–N bond formation with alcohols via borrowing hydrogen or hydrogen auto-transfer

  • Mohd Farhan Ansari,
  • Atul Kumar Maurya,
  • Abhishek Kumar and
  • Saravanakumar Elangovan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1111–1166, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.98

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  • synthesizing amines, the borrowing hydrogen approach is becoming increasingly popular in catalysis since this method provides an excellent example of a green chemistry and atom-efficient reaction [31][32][33]. This section focuses on manganese-catalyzed C–N bond formation reactions via BH or HA using alcohols
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Published 21 May 2024

Light on the sustainable preparation of aryl-cored dibromides

  • Fabrizio Roncaglia,
  • Alberto Ughetti,
  • Nicola Porcelli,
  • Biagio Anderlini,
  • Andrea Severini and
  • Luca Rigamonti

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1076–1087, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.95

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  • environment [15]. Nevertheless, in line with the European Union's 'green new deal' guidelines [16], addressing two pivotal issues could facilitate the environmentally conscious utilisation of halogenated compounds as intermediates in chemical processes: The development of more sustainable production methods
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Published 14 May 2024

Novel route to enhance the thermo-optical performance of bicyclic diene photoswitches for solar thermal batteries

  • Akanksha Ashok Sangolkar,
  • Rama Krishna Kadiyam and
  • Ravinder Pawar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1053–1068, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.93

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  • technological developments [1][2]. Fossil fuels like natural gas, oil, and coal are currently the chief energy resources whose excessive utilization causes serious environmental issues [2][3]. Further, their reserves are in a threat of being exhausted [3][4]. The sun is the most fundamental and green energy
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Published 13 May 2024

Spin and charge interactions between nanographene host and ferrocene

  • Akira Suzuki,
  • Yuya Miyake,
  • Ryoga Shibata and
  • Kazuyuki Takai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.89

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  • , resulting in the total curve (green). The base lines of the spectra are shifted vertically from each other for clarify. The raw infrared spectrum for FeCp2 (black) and differential absorbance spectra for FeCp2-ACFs-55 (red) and FeCp2-ACFs-150 (green) after subtracting the ACFs spectrum as a background
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Published 02 May 2024

Carbonylative synthesis and functionalization of indoles

  • Alex De Salvo,
  • Raffaella Mancuso and
  • Xiao-Feng Wu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 973–1000, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.87

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  • that kind of chemicals [74]. The reaction was cheap because it took place by irradiation with green light (5 W) in the presence of eosin Y as photocatalyst, under 70 bar of CO, in CH3CN at room temperature (Scheme 41). In 2018, Wu et al. published two papers about the functionalization of indoles. In
  • functionalize indole scaffolds. We have seen different approaches in which high catalyst efficiencies, mild conditions and the use of low-toxic chemicals as CO source, that do not require the use of autoclaves, have been successfully applied. Furthermore, in some cases, “green” oxidants such as air were used
  • making the process more environmentally friendly especially if we think about them in the industrial field. Clearly, the research in this field is ongoing and it will continue, and more active catalysts and new “green” synthetic approaches will be developed. Pd(0)-catalyzed domino C,N-coupling
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Published 30 Apr 2024

Innovative synthesis of drug-like molecules using tetrazole as core building blocks

  • Jingyao Li,
  • Ajay L. Chandgude,
  • Qiang Zheng and
  • Alexander Dömling

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 950–958, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.85

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  • . It aims to meet the growing demand for tetrazole-based compound libraries and novel scaffolds, which are challenging to synthesize through other methods. Keywords: building blocks; green chemistry; multicomponent reaction; Passerini tetrazole reaction; tetrazole; Ugi reaction; Introduction The
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Published 29 Apr 2024

One-pot Ugi-azide and Heck reactions for the synthesis of heterocyclic systems containing tetrazole and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline

  • Jiawei Niu,
  • Yuhui Wang,
  • Shenghu Yan,
  • Yue Zhang,
  • Xiaoming Ma,
  • Qiang Zhang and
  • Wei Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 912–920, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.81

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  • Chemistry and Center for Green Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA 10.3762/bjoc.20.81 Abstract A new method for the synthesis of heterocyclic systems containing tetrazole and tetrahydroisoquinoline is developed via the performance of one-pot Ugi-azide
  • , and Cs2CO3 (Table 1, entries 12–14). Investigating other Pd catalysts, suche as PdCl2 and Pd(dba)2 also gave low yields (Table 1, entries 15 and 16). Since CH3CN is a more favorable solvent than DMF in green chemistry consideration [52][53], the optimal reaction conditions for the Heck reaction were
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Published 23 Apr 2024

Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble C60–peptide conjugates

  • Yue Ma,
  • Lorenzo Persi and
  • Yoko Yamakoshi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 777–786, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.71

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  • ) revealed an extremely small hydrodynamic diameter (<10 nm) by DLS, 5b (green line) and 5c (purple line) revealed the presence of larger aggregates in water (pH 7.0), with a hydrodynamic diameters larger than 1 µm (Figure 3). In buffer at a higher pH value (e.g., pH 9, TRIS buffer), C60–oligo-Glu (5b
  • ) showed much smaller aggregation (dotted green line, ≈12 nm), providing a transparent solution, while C60–oligo-Arg (5c) remained insoluble over the tested pH value range (4.0–9.2). This was presumably due to the strong cation–π interactions between the cationic Arg moieties and the aromatic C60, which is
  • measured by the ESR spin trapping method under irradiation of visible light (527 nm green LED). 4-Oxo-TEMP was used as a spin trapping reagent to form an adduct with 1O2, i.e., 4-oxo-TEMPO, which was observed by ESR (Figure 7b). As shown in Figure 7a, upon visible light irradiation, three peaks
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Published 12 Apr 2024

Substrate specificity of a ketosynthase domain involved in bacillaene biosynthesis

  • Zhiyong Yin and
  • Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 734–740, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.67

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  • followed by buffer exchange and then digestion with proteinase K; F) (R)-11 is not bound to BaeJ-KS2-C222A after incubation and buffer exchange (5 centrifugations); G) the filtrate obtained from the incubation of (R)-11 BaeJ-KS2-C222A containing free (R)-11 (first centrifugation). Green dots represent 13C
  • = thioesterase. The black dot indicates a methyl branch introduced by the β-branching cassette. Synthesis of the BaeJ-KS2 substrate surrogates (S)-11 and (R)-11. Green dots represent 13C-labelled carbons. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 76: Experimental part and NMR spectra. Acknowledgements
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Published 05 Apr 2024

SOMOphilic alkyne vs radical-polar crossover approaches: The full story of the azido-alkynylation of alkenes

  • Julien Borrel and
  • Jerome Waser

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 701–713, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.64

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  • source such as green LEDs or a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) were used only a small decrease in yield could be observed, although 4 hours of irradiation were needed to reach full conversion using CFL (Table 5, entries 8 and 9). The concentration, a factor expected to play an important role in a three
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Published 03 Apr 2024

Organic electron transport materials

  • Joseph Cameron and
  • Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 672–674, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.60

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  • soluble in ethyl acetate, a green solvent, and solution-processed for PM6:Y6 bulk-heterojunction solar cells with power conversion efficiency > 13% [6]. In addition to orthogonal processing, it has been shown that treatment with base [7] or photo-crosslinking [8] can insolubilise solution-processed layers
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Published 28 Mar 2024

HPW-Catalyzed environmentally benign approach to imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines

  • Luan A. Martinho and
  • Carlos Kleber Z. Andrade

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 628–637, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.55

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  • expensive, extremely dangerous, strong oxidizing, and even explosive. In this scenario, heteropolyacids emerge as greener and safer alternatives due to their very strong Brønsted acidity. In particular, phosphotungstic acid (HPW) is an economical and green attractive catalyst for being cheap, non-toxic, and
  • green catalyst with greater chemical and thermal stability in comparison to other heteropolyacids [43]. HPW has been shown to catalyze MCRs in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with high efficiency and chemoselectivity (Figure 2), including functionalized benzo[c]chromeno[2,3-a]phenazine [44
  • -Aminopyridine (1a), 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (2a), and tert-butyl isocyanide (3a) were chosen as model substrates and different conditions were screened (Table 1). Glycerol, a green and sustainable solvent, was tried first, but unfortunately, the expected intense orange solid product 4a was obtained in low yields
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Published 19 Mar 2024

Chemical and biosynthetic potential of Penicillium shentong XL-F41

  • Ran Zou,
  • Xin Li,
  • Xiaochen Chen,
  • Yue-Wei Guo and
  • Baofu Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 597–606, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.52

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  • , compound 7, corresponding to the major peak in our optimized fermentation (Figure 1), was obtained at the gram level. Compound 1 (shentonin A) was obtained as a light green solid with a chemical formula of C20H26N2O3, as determined by HRMS m/z 365.1828 [M + Na]+ (calcd for C20H26N2O3Na+, 365.1835) and HRMS
  • calculated spectrum of 2R,3R,16R-1 matched better with the experimental one, so the absolute configuration of 1 was tentatively determined to be 2R,3R,16R, namely shentonin A. Compound 2 (shentonin B) was isolated as a light green solid. Its chemical formula, C19H24N2O2, was confirmed by HRMS with m/z
  • isolation of compound 3 (2.19 mg). Physical and spectroscopic data of compounds 1–3 Shentonin A (1): light green solid; [α]D20 +40.0 (c 0.17, CH3OH); UV (CH3OH) λmax, nm (log ε): 400 (3.45), 240 (4.24) nm; IR (KBr) νmax: 3347, 2960, 2926, 1688, 1654, 1612, 1260, 1078, 1021, 797 cm−1; for 1H NMR (CDCl3, 600
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Published 15 Mar 2024

A myo-inositol dehydrogenase involved in aminocyclitol biosynthesis of hygromycin A

  • Michael O. Akintubosun and
  • Melanie A. Higgins

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 589–596, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.51

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  • inositols with NAD+, (b) myo-inositol with NAD+ or NADP, and (c) myo-inositol at different pH values (orange is HEPEs, green is Tris, blue is CHES, and red is CAPS). NAD(P)H concentrations were measured after 20 minutes. Michaelis–Menten plots for Hyg17 using varying concentrations of (d) myo-inositol, (e
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Published 14 Mar 2024

Possible bi-stable structures of pyrenebutanoic acid-linked protein molecules adsorbed on graphene: theoretical study

  • Yasuhiro Oishi,
  • Motoharu Kitatani and
  • Koichi Kusakabe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 570–577, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.49

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  • activation barrier in detail. Figure 3 shows the structure at the activation barrier top. Two hydrogen atoms connected by the green line are characteristically close to each other. One hydrogen is on the pyrene skeleton and the other is on the alkyl chain. The distance between these hydrogens is close, with
  • of the torsion angle and the distance between hydrogen atoms reveal appearance of a steric hindrance effect. The dihedral angles formed by the four carbon atoms connected by the red line in Figure 3, and the distance between hydrogen atoms connected by the green line in Figure 3, for conformation 1
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Published 11 Mar 2024

Synthesis of photo- and ionochromic N-acylated 2-(aminomethylene)benzo[b]thiophene-3(2Н)-ones with a terminal phenanthroline group

  • Vladimir P. Rybalkin,
  • Sofiya Yu. Zmeeva,
  • Lidiya L. Popova,
  • Irina V. Dubonosova,
  • Olga Yu. Karlutova,
  • Oleg P. Demidov,
  • Alexander D. Dubonosov and
  • Vladimir A. Bren

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 552–560, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.47

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  • the phenanthroline unit was also involved in a π–π-stacking interaction (blue plane–green plane in Figure 4), with the plane centroid–plane centroid distance being 3.6998(8) Å (plane shift 1.4919(17) Å, twist and fold angles 1.54° and 1.92°, respectively). Cation-induced transformations of the
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Published 11 Mar 2024

Switchable molecular tweezers: design and applications

  • Pablo Msellem,
  • Maksym Dekthiarenko,
  • Nihal Hadj Seyd and
  • Guillaume Vives

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 504–539, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.45

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  • ) to produce a chiral nematic phase, whose reflected color can change from green to purple under cross-polarized view upon protonation. This system serves as an elegant example of a macroscopic effect induced by a conformational change at the molecular level. In a different approach where the stimuli
  • was easily detected by a large charge transfer absorption band (λmax = 725 nm) and a noticeable emission change (brown to green solution). This complexation happened only in the presence of Cl− and not with the tweezers in alternate conformation, demonstrating the allosteric regulation of the
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Published 01 Mar 2024
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