Search for "key intermediate" in Full Text gives 268 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2842–2853, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.276
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: A) Natural threonine and its trifluoromethyl analogues sawhorse projections. B) Structure of Boc-pr...
Scheme 1: Synthesis of (2S,3R)-Boc-CF3-Thr(Bzl) 9.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of (2S,3S)-Boc-CF3-Thr 14.
Scheme 3: Synthesis of pentapeptides 1a–4a and 1b–4b.
Figure 2: Probability distribution of the peptide conformations as a function of end-to-end distance (defined...
Figure 3: Probability distribution of the peptide dihedral angles ψ for the three central residues Val2 (blac...
Figure 4: Effects of compounds 1–4 on Aβ1-42 fibrillization assessed by ThT-fluorescence spectroscopy at 10:1...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2764–2799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.272
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Trifluoromethylation of enol acetates by Langlois.
Scheme 2: Trifluoromethylation of (het)aryl enol acetates.
Scheme 3: Mechanism for the trifluoromethylation of enol acetates.
Scheme 4: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of unactivated olefins and mechanistic pathway.
Scheme 5: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of acetylenic substrates.
Scheme 6: Metal free trifluoromethylation of styrenes.
Scheme 7: Synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated ketones by oxytrifluoromethylation of heteroatom-functionalised ...
Scheme 8: Catalysed photoredox trifluoromethylation of vinyl azides.
Scheme 9: Oxidative difunctionalisation of alkenyl MIDA boronates.
Scheme 10: Synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl ketones from cyclopropanols.
Scheme 11: Aryltrifluoromethylation of allylic alcohols.
Scheme 12: Cascade multicomponent synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles via azotrifluoromethylation of alkenes.
Scheme 13: Photocatalytic azotrifluoromethylation of alkenes with aryldiazonium salts and CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 14: Copper-promoted intramolecular aminotrifluoromethylation of alkenes with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 15: Oxytrifluoromethylation of alkenes with CF3SO2Na and hydroxamic acid.
Scheme 16: Manganese-catalysed oxytrifluoromethylation of styrene derivatives.
Scheme 17: Oxytrifluoromethylation of alkenes with NMP/O2 and CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 18: Intramolecular oxytrifluoromethylation of alkenes.
Scheme 19: Hydrotrifluoromethylation of styrenyl alkenes and unactivated aliphatic alkenes.
Scheme 20: Hydrotrifluoromethylation of electron-deficient alkenes.
Scheme 21: Hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes by iridium photoredox catalysis.
Scheme 22: Iodo- and bromotrifluoromethylation of alkenes by CF3SO2Na/I2O5 or CF3SO2Na / NaBrO3.
Scheme 23: N-methyl-9-mesityl acridinium and visible-light-induced chloro-, bromo- and SCF3 trifluoromethylati...
Scheme 24: Carbotrifluoromethylation of N-arylacrylamides with CF3SO2Na / TBHP by Lipshutz.
Scheme 25: Carbotrifluoromethylation of N-arylacrylamides with CF3SO2Na/TBHP reported by Lei.
Scheme 26: Carbotrifluoromethylation of N-arylacrylamides with CF3SO2Na/(NH4)2S2O8.
Scheme 27: Metal-free carbotrifluoromethylation of N-arylacrylamides with CF3SO2Na/K2S2O8 reported by Wang.
Scheme 28: Metal-free carbotrifluoromethylation of N-arylacrylamides with CF3SO2Na/PIDA reported by Fu.
Scheme 29: Metal-free cascade trifluoromethylation/cyclisation of N-arylmethacrylamides (a) and enynes (b) wit...
Scheme 30: Trifluoromethylation/cyclisation of N-arylcinnamamides: Synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted dihydroquino...
Scheme 31: Trifluoromethylation/cyclisation of aromatic-containing unsaturated ketones.
Scheme 32: Chemo- and regioselective cascade trifluoromethylation/heteroaryl ipso-migration of unactivated alk...
Scheme 33: Copper-mediated 1,2-bis(trifluoromethylation) of alkenes.
Scheme 34: Trifluoromethylation of aromatics with CF3SO2Na reported by Langlois.
Scheme 35: Baran’s oxidative C–H trifluoromethylation of heterocycles.
Scheme 36: Trifluoromethylation of acetanilides and anilines.
Scheme 37: Trifluoromethylation of heterocycles in water.
Scheme 38: Trifluoromethylation of coumarins in a continuous-flow reactor.
Scheme 39: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of coumarins, quinolines and pyrimidinones.
Scheme 40: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of pyrimidinones and pyridinones.
Scheme 41: Phosphovanadomolybdic acid-catalysed direct C−H trifluoromethylation.
Scheme 42: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of imidazopyridines and imidazoheterocycles.
Scheme 43: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of imidazoheterocycles and imidazoles in ionic liquid/water.
Scheme 44: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of 8-aminoquinolines.
Scheme 45: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of various 8-aminoquinolines using the supported catalyst CS@Cu(OAc)2...
Scheme 46: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of the naphthylamide 70.
Scheme 47: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of various arenes in the presence of CF3SO2Na and sodium persulfate.
Scheme 48: Trifluoromethylation of electron-rich arenes and unsymmetrical biaryls with CF3SO2Na in the presenc...
Figure 1: Trifluoromethylated coumarin and flavone.
Scheme 49: Metal-free trifluoromethylation catalysed by a photoredox organocatalyst.
Scheme 50: Quinone-mediated trifluoromethylation of arenes and heteroarenes.
Scheme 51: Metal- and oxidant-free photochemical trifluoromethylation of arenes.
Scheme 52: Copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates.
Scheme 53: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids.
Scheme 54: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of aryl- and vinylboronic acids.
Scheme 55: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of unsaturated potassium organotrifluoroborates.
Scheme 56: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of (hetero)aryl- and vinyltrifluoroborates.
Scheme 57: Copper−catalysed decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of cinnamic acids.
Scheme 58: Iron-mediated decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids.
Scheme 59: Cu/Ag-catalysed decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of cinnamic acids.
Scheme 60: I2O5-Promoted decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of cinnamic acids.
Scheme 61: Silver(I)-catalysed denitrative trifluoromethylation of β-nitrostyrenes.
Scheme 62: Copper-catalysed direct trifluoromethylation of styrene derivatives.
Scheme 63: Transition-metal-free synthesis of β-trifluoromethylated enamines.
Scheme 64: I2O5-mediated iodotrifluoromethylation of alkynes.
Scheme 65: Silver-catalysed tandem trifluoromethylation/cyclisation of aryl isonitriles.
Scheme 66: Photoredox trifluoromethylation of 2-isocyanobiphenyls.
Scheme 67: Trifluoromethylation of potassium alkynyltrifluoroborates with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 68: N-trifluoromethylation of nitrosoarenes with CF3SO2Na (SQ: semiquinone).
Scheme 69: Trifluoromethylation of disulfides with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 70: Trifluoromethylation of thiols with CF3SO2Na/I2O5.
Scheme 71: Electrophilic trifluoromethylsulfenylation by means of CF3SO2Na/(EtO)2P(O)H/CuCl/DMSO.
Scheme 72: Electrophilic trifluoromethylsulfenylation by means of CF3SO2Na/(EtO)2P(O)H/TMSCl.
Scheme 73: Electrophilic trifluoromethylsulfenylation by means of CF3SO2Na/PPh3/N-chlorophthalimide.
Scheme 74: Electrophilic trifluoromethylsulfenylation by means of CF3SO2Na/PCl3.
Scheme 75: Electrophilic trifluoromethylsulfenylation by means of CF3SO2Na/PCl3.
Scheme 76: Trifluoromethylsulfenylation of aryl iodides with in situ generated CuSCF3 (DMI: 1,3-dimethyl-2-imi...
Scheme 77: Pioneering trifluoromethylsulfinylation of N, O, and C-nucleophiles.
Scheme 78: Trifluoromethylsulfinylation of (1R,2S)-ephedrine (Im: imidazole; DIEA: N,N-diisopropylethylamine).
Scheme 79: Trifluoromethylsulfinylation of substituted benzenes with CF3SO2Na/CF3SO3H.
Scheme 80: Trifluoromethylsulfinylation of indoles with CF3SO2Na/P(O)Cl3.
Scheme 81: Trifluoromethylsulfinylation of indoles with CF3SO2Na/PCl3.
Scheme 82: Formation of triflones from benzyl bromides (DMA: dimethylacetamide).
Scheme 83: Formation of α-trifluoromethylsulfonyl ketones, esters, and amides.
Scheme 84: Allylic trifluoromethanesulfonylation of aromatic allylic alcohols.
Scheme 85: Copper-catalysed couplings of aryl iodonium salts with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 86: Palladium-catalysed trifluoromethanesulfonylation of aryl triflates and chlorides with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 87: Copper-catalysed coupling of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 88: Synthesis of phenyltriflone via coupling of benzyne with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 89: Synthesis of 1-trifluoromethanesulfonylcyclopentenes from 1-alkynyl-λ3-bromanes and CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 90: One-pot synthesis of functionalised vinyl triflones.
Scheme 91: Regioselective synthesis of vinyltriflones from styrenes.
Scheme 92: Trifluoromethanesulfonylation of alkynyl(phenyl) iodonium tosylates by CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 93: Synthesis of thio- and selenotrifluoromethanesulfonates.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2569–2576, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.253
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: General scheme for intramolecular heterocylization of intermediate X-ylides.
Figure 1: Thioamides 1a–e, diazoesters 2a–d and Rh(II)-catalysts used in the project.
Figure 2: The structures of compounds 4a and 3b according to the data of X-ray analysis (Olex2 plot with 50% ...
Scheme 2: Rh(II)-Catalyzed reactions of α-diazocyanoacetic ester 2d with α-cyanothioacetamides 1a–e.
Figure 3: The structure of thiophene 5c according to the data of X-ray analysis (Olex2 plot with 50% probabil...
Scheme 3: Interaction of thioacetamide 1e with dirhodium pivalate to produce complex 6e.
Figure 4: The structure of the complex 6e according to the data of X-ray analysis (Olex2 plot with 50% probab...
Scheme 4: The assumed mechanism for the formation of thiophenes 3, 5.
Scheme 5: The plausible mechanism for the formation of thiophenes 4.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2214–2234, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.220
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Precursors of nitrosoalkenes NSA.
Scheme 2: Reactions of cyclic α-chlorooximes 1 with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
Scheme 3: C-C-coupling of N,N-bis(silyloxy)enamines 3 with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
Scheme 4: Reaction of N,N-bis(silyloxy)enamines 3 with nitronate anions.
Scheme 5: Reaction of α-chlorooximes TBS ethers 2 with ester enolates.
Scheme 6: Assembly of bicyclooctanone 14 via an intramolecular cyclization of nitrosoalkene NSA2.
Scheme 7: A general strategy for the assembly of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes via an intramolecular cyclization of ...
Scheme 8: Stereochemistry of Michael addition to cyclic nitrosoalkene NSA3.
Scheme 9: Stereochemistry of Michael addition to acyclic nitrosoalkenes NSA4.
Scheme 10: Stereochemistry of Michael addition to γ-alkoxy nitrosoalkene NSA5.
Scheme 11: Oppolzer’s total synthesis of 3-methoxy-9β-estra(1,3,5(10))trien(11,17)dione (25).
Scheme 12: Oppolzer’s total synthesis of (+/−)-isocomene.
Figure 1: Alkaloids synthesized using stereoselective Michael addition to conjugated nitrosoalkenes.
Scheme 13: Weinreb’s total synthesis of alstilobanines A, E and angustilodine.
Scheme 14: Weinreb’s approach to the core structure of apparicine alkaloids.
Scheme 15: Weinreb’s synthesis of (+/−)-myrioneurinol via stereoselective conjugate addition of malonate to ni...
Scheme 16: Reactions of cyclic α-chloro oximes with Grignard reagents.
Scheme 17: Corey’s synthesis of (+/−)-perhydrohistrionicotoxin.
Scheme 18: Addition of Gilman’s reagents to α,β-epoxy oximes 53.
Scheme 19: Addition of Gilman’s reagents to α-chlorooximes.
Scheme 20: Reaction of silyl nitronate 58 with organolithium reagents via nitrosoalkene NSA12.
Scheme 21: Reaction of β-ketoxime sulfones 61 and 63 with lithium acetylides.
Scheme 22: Electrophilic addition of nitrosoalkenes NSA14 to electron-rich arenes.
Scheme 23: Addition of nitrosoalkenes NSA14 to pyrroles and indoles.
Scheme 24: Reaction of phosphinyl nitrosoalkenes NSA15 with indole.
Scheme 25: Reaction of pyrrole with α,α’-dihalooximes 70.
Scheme 26: Synthesis of indole-derived psammaplin A analogue 72.
Scheme 27: Synthesis of tryptophanes by reduction of oximinoalkylated indoles 68.
Scheme 28: Ottenheijm’s synthesis of neoechinulin B analogue 77.
Scheme 29: Synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyrrolizinones 82 via addition of pyrrole to ethyl bromopyruvate oxime.
Scheme 30: Kozikowski’s strategy to indolactam-based alkaloids via addition of indoles to ethyl bromopyruvate ...
Scheme 31: Addition of cyanide anion to nitrosoalkenes and subsequent cyclization to 5-aminoisoxazoles 86.
Scheme 32: Et3N-catalysed addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to N,N-bis(silyloxy)enamines 3 leading to 5-amino...
Scheme 33: Addition of TMSCN to allenyl N-siloxysulfonamide 89.
Scheme 34: Reaction of nitrosoallenes NSA16 with malodinitrile and ethyl cyanoacetic ester.
Scheme 35: [4 + 1]-Annulation of nitrosoalkenes NSA with sulfonium ylides 92.
Scheme 36: Reaction of diazo compounds 96 with nitrosoalkenes NSA.
Scheme 37: Tandem Michael addition/oxidative cyclization strategy to isoxazolines 100.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2028–2048, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.201
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: The mechanistic outline of the intermolecular (a) and intramolecular (b) glycosylation reactions.
Figure 1: Three general concepts for intramolecular glycosylation reactions.
Scheme 2: First intramolecular glycosylation using the molecular clamping.
Scheme 3: Succinoyl as a flexible linker for intramolecular glycosylation of prearranged glycosides.
Scheme 4: Template-directed cyclo-glycosylation using a phthaloyl linker.
Scheme 5: Phthaloyl linker-mediated synthesis of branched oligosaccharides via remote glycosidation.
Scheme 6: Molecular clamping with the phthaloyl linker in the synthesis of α-cyclodextrin.
Scheme 7: m-Xylylene as a rigid tether for intramolecular glycosylation.
Scheme 8: Oligosaccharide synthesis using rigid xylylene linkers.
Scheme 9: Stereo- and regiochemical outcome of peptide-based linkers.
Scheme 10: Positioning effect of donor and acceptor in peptide templated synthesis.
Scheme 11: Synthesis of a trisaccharide using a non-symmetrical tether strategy.
Scheme 12: Effect of ring on glycosylation with a furanose.
Scheme 13: Rigid BPA template with various linkers.
Scheme 14: The templated synthesis of maltotriose in complete stereoselectivity.
Scheme 15: First examples of the IAD.
Scheme 16: Long range IAD via dimethylsilane.
Scheme 17: Allyl-mediated tethering strategy in the IAD.
Scheme 18: IAD using tethering via the 2-naphthylmethyl group.
Scheme 19: Origin of selectivity in boronic ester mediated IAD.
Scheme 20: Arylborinic acid approach to the synthesis of β-mannosides.
Figure 2: Facial selectivity during HAD.
Scheme 21: Possible mechanisms to explain α and β selectivity in palladium mediated IAD.
Scheme 22: DISAL as the leaving group that favors the intramolecular glycosylation pathway.
Scheme 23: Boronic acid as a directing group in the leaving group-based glycosylation method.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1900–1906, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.185
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Reactions of diphenyl and phenyl selenophen-2-yl thioketones with diazomethane (CH2N2; Sel = seleno...
Scheme 2: Reaction of diaryl thioketones with trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMS-CHN2).
Scheme 3: Formation of tetraaryl/hetarylethenes 9 from the reaction of TMS-CHN2 with diaryl/hetaryl thioketon...
Scheme 4: Synthesis of dibenzofulvenes 9g–k.
Scheme 5: a) Mechanistic explanation for formation of ethenes 9 from dithiolanes of type 6 and b) desilylatio...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1893–1899, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.184
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Nucleophilic substitution of the 4-toluenesulfonyl group. The formalism for the mechanochemical act...
Figure 1: Effect of jar size on the reaction time using an equal number (30) of steel balls (ø 1 mm) for the ...
Figure 2: Effect of ball size on the reaction time to a full conversion of Ts-β-CD: a) reactions performed at...
Figure 3: Reaction time as a function of ball materials at 550 min−1 in glass vials of 25 mL: a) equal weight...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1670–1692, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.162
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Representative bioactive heterocycles.
Scheme 1: The concept of oxidative dehydrogenation.
Scheme 2: IBX-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of various heterocycles [31-34].
Scheme 3: Potential mechanism of IBX-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles [31-34].
Scheme 4: IBX-mediated room temperature one-pot condensation–oxidative dehydrogenation of o-aminobenzylamines....
Scheme 5: Anhydrous cerium chloride-catalyzed, IBX-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of various heterocycles...
Scheme 6: Oxidative dehydrogenation of quinazolinones with I2 and DDQ [37-40].
Scheme 7: DDQ-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of thiazolidines and oxazolidines.
Scheme 8: Oxone-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of intermediates from o-phenylenediamine and o-aminobenzyl...
Scheme 9: Transition metal-free oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling.
Scheme 10: NaOCl-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation.
Scheme 11: NBS-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydro-β-carbolines.
Scheme 12: One-pot synthesis of various methyl(hetero)arenes from o-aminobenzamide in presence of di-tert-buty...
Scheme 13: Oxidative dehydrogenation of 1, 4-DHPs.
Scheme 14: Synthesis of quinazolines in the presence of MnO2.
Scheme 15: Selenium dioxide and potassium dichromate-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydro-β-carbol...
Scheme 16: Synthesis of substituted benzazoles in the presence of barium permanganate.
Scheme 17: Oxidative dehydrogenation with phenanthroline-based catalysts. PPTS = pyridinium p-toluenesulfonic ...
Scheme 18: Oxidative dehydrogenation with Flavin mimics.
Scheme 19: o-Quinone based bioinspired catalysts for the synthesis of dihydroisoquinolines.
Scheme 20: Cobalt-catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of Hantzch 1,4-DHPs and pyrazolines.
Scheme 21: Mechanism of cobalt-catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of Hantzch 1,4-DHPs.
Scheme 22: DABCO and TEMPO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of quinazolines and 4H-3,1-benzoxazines....
Scheme 23: Putative mechanism for Cu(I)–DABCO–TEMPO catalyzed aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydroq...
Scheme 24: Potassium triphosphate modified Pd/C catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydroisoqu...
Scheme 25: Ruthenium-catalyzed polycyclic heteroarenes.
Scheme 26: Plausible mechanism of the ruthenium-catalyzed dehydrogenation.
Scheme 27: Bi-metallic platinum/iridium alloyed nanoclusters and 5,5’,6,6’-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethyl-...
Scheme 28: Magnesium iodide-catalyzed synthesis of quinazolines.
Scheme 29: Ferrous chloride-catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines.
Scheme 30: Cu(I)-catalyzed oxidative aromatization of indoles.
Scheme 31: Putative mechanism of the transformation.
Scheme 32: Oxidative dehydrogenation of pyrimidinones and pyrimidines.
Scheme 33: Putative mechanisms (radical and metal-catalyzed) of the transformation.
Scheme 34: Ferric chloride-catalyzed, TBHP-oxidized synthesis of substituted quinazolinones and arylquinazolin...
Scheme 35: Iridium-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of quinolines.
Scheme 36: Microwave-assisted synthesis of β-carboline with a catalytic amount of Pd/C in lithium carbonate at...
Scheme 37: 4-Methoxy-TEMPO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative synthesis of 2-substituted benzazoles.
Scheme 38: Plausible mechanism of the 4-methoxy-TEMPO-catalyzed transformation.
Scheme 39: One-pot synthesis of 2-arylquinazolines, catalyzed by 4-hydroxy-TEMPO.
Scheme 40: Oxidative dehydrogenation – a key step in the synthesis of AZD8926.
Scheme 41: Catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinolines to afford bioactive molecules.
Scheme 42: Iodobenzene diacetate-mediated synthesis of β-carboline natural products.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1596–1660, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.159
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Initial proposal for the core macrolactone structure (left) and the established complete structure ...
Figure 2: Mycolactone congeners and their origins.
Figure 3: Misassigned mycolactone E structure according to Small et al. [50] (11) and the correct structure (6) f...
Figure 4: Schematic illustration of Kishi’s improved mycolactone TLC detection method exploiting derivatizati...
Figure 5: Fluorescent probes derived from natural mycolactone A/B (1a,b) or its synthetic 8-desmethyl analogs...
Figure 6: Tool compounds used by Pluschke and co-workers for elucidating the molecular targets of mycolactone...
Figure 7: Synthetic strategies towards the extended mycolactone core. A) General strategies. B) Kishi’s appro...
Scheme 1: Kishi’s 1st generation approach towards the extended core structure of mycolactones. Reagents and c...
Scheme 2: Kishi’s 2nd generation approach towards the extended core structure of mycolactones. Reagents and c...
Scheme 3: Kishi’s 3rd generation approach towards the extended core structure of mycolactones. Reagents and c...
Scheme 4: Negishi’s synthesis of the extended core structure of mycolactones. Reagents and conditions: a) (i) ...
Scheme 5: Burkart’s (incomplete) 1st generation approach towards the extended core structure of mycolactones....
Scheme 6: Burkart’s (incomplete) 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation approach towards the extended mycolactone core s...
Scheme 7: Altmann’s synthesis of alkyl iodide 91. Reagents and conditions: a) (i) PMB-trichloroacetimidate, T...
Scheme 8: Final steps of Altmann’s synthesis of the extended core structure of mycolactones. Reagents and con...
Scheme 9: Basic principles of the Aggarwal lithiation–borylation homologation process [185,186].
Scheme 10: Aggarwal’s synthesis of the C1–C11 fragment of the mycolactone core. Reagents and conditions: a) Cl...
Scheme 11: Aggarwal’s synthesis of the linear C1–C20 fragment of the mycolactone core. Reagents and conditions...
Figure 8: Synthetic strategies towards the mycolactone A/B lower side chain.
Scheme 12: Gurjar and Cherian’s synthesis of the C1’–C8’ fragment of the mycolactone A/B pentaenoate side chai...
Scheme 13: Gurjar and Cherian’s synthesis of the benzyl-protected mycolactone A/B pentaenoate side chain. Reag...
Scheme 14: Kishi’s synthesis of model compounds for elucidating the stereochemistry of the C7’–C16’ fragment o...
Scheme 15: Kishi’s synthesis of the mycolactone A/B pentaenoate side chain. (a) (i) NaH, (EtO)2P(O)CH2CO2Et, T...
Scheme 16: Feringa and Minnaard's incomplete synthesis of mycolactone A/B pentaenoate side chain. Reagents and...
Scheme 17: Altmann’s approach towards the mycolactone A/B pentaenoate side chain. Reagents and conditions: a) ...
Scheme 18: Negishi’s access to the C1’–C7’ fragment of mycolactone A. Reagents and conditions: a) (i) n-BuLi, ...
Scheme 19: Negishi’s approach to the C1’–C7’ fragment of mycolactone B. Reagents and conditions: a) (i) DIBAL-...
Scheme 20: Negishi’s synthesis of the C8’–C16’ fragment of mycolactone A/B. Reagents and conditions: a) 142, BF...
Scheme 21: Negishi’s assembly of the mycolactone A and B pentaenoate side chains. Reagents and conditions: a) ...
Scheme 22: Blanchard’s approach to the mycolactone A/B pentaenoate side chain. a) (i) Ph3P=C(Me)COOEt, CH2Cl2,...
Scheme 23: Kishi’s approach to the mycolactone C pentaenoate side chain exemplified for the 13’R,15’S-isomer 1...
Scheme 24: Altmann’s (unpublished) synthesis of the mycolactone C pentaenoate side chain. Reagents and conditi...
Scheme 25: Blanchard’s synthesis of the mycolactone C pentaenoate side chain. Reagents and conditions: a) (i) ...
Scheme 26: Kishi’s synthesis of the tetraenoate side chain of mycolactone F exemplified by enantiomer 165. Rea...
Scheme 27: Kishi’s synthesis of the mycolactone E tetraenoate side chain. Reagents and conditions: a) (i) CH2=...
Scheme 28: Wang and Dai’s synthesis of the mycolactone E tetraenoate side chain. Reagents and conditions: a) (...
Scheme 29: Kishi’s synthesis of the dithiane-protected tetraenoate side chain of the minor oxo-metabolite of m...
Scheme 30: Kishi’s synthesis of the mycolactone S1 and S2 pentaenoate side chains. Reagents and conditions: a)...
Scheme 31: Kishi’s 1st generation and Altmann’s total synthesis of mycolactone A/B (1a,b) and Negishi’s select...
Scheme 32: Kishi’s 2nd generation total synthesis of mycolactone A/B (1a,b). Reagents and conditions: a) 2,4,6...
Scheme 33: Blanchard’s synthesis of the 8-desmethylmycolactone core. Reagents and conditions: a) (i) TsCl, TEA...
Scheme 34: Altmann’s (partially unpublished) synthesis of the C20-hydroxylated mycolactone core. Reagents and ...
Scheme 35: Altmann’s and Blanchard’s approaches towards the 11-isopropyl-8-desmethylmycolactone core. Reagents...
Scheme 36: Blanchard’s synthesis of the saturated variant of the C11-isopropyl-8-desmethylmycolactone core. Re...
Scheme 37: Structure elucidation of photo-mycolactones generated from tetraenoate 224.
Scheme 38: Kishi’s synthesis of the linear precursor of the photo-mycolactone B1 lower side chain. Reagents an...
Scheme 39: Kishi’s synthesis of the photo-mycolactone B1 lower side chain. Reagents and conditions: a) LiTMP, ...
Scheme 40: Kishi’s synthesis of a stabilized lower mycolactone side chain. Reagents and conditions: a) (i) TBD...
Scheme 41: Blanchard’s variation of the C12’,C13’,C15’ stereocluster. Reagents and conditions: a) (i) DIBAL-H,...
Scheme 42: Blanchard’s synthesis of aromatic mycolactone polyenoate side chain analogs. Reagents and condition...
Scheme 43: Small’s partial synthesis of a BODIPY-labeled mycolactone derivative and Demangel’s partial synthes...
Scheme 44: Blanchard’s synthesis of the BODIPY-labeled 8-desmethylmycolactones. Reagents and conditions: a) (i...
Scheme 45: Altmann’s synthesis of biotinylated mycolactones. Reagents and conditions: a) (i) CDI, THF, rt, 2 d...
Figure 9: Kishi’s elongated n-butyl carbamoyl mycolactone A/B analog.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1478–1485, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.146
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Our strategy for the concise synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of DMPOPOP.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1407–1412, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.137
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Main synthetic strategies towards heterocyclic cores of D-series GE2270 and our present one.
Scheme 1: Synthesis of trithiazolylpyridine 9. Reaction conditions: a) Pd(OAc)2 (5 mol %), CyJohnPhos (10 mol...
Scheme 2: Synthesis of chiral thioamide 16. Reaction conditions: a) SnCl2∙2H2O, dioxane/H2O (1:3), 0 °C to rt...
Scheme 3: Synthesis of the heterocyclic core of the D-series GE2270. Reaction conditions: a) TBDMSOTf, NEt3, ...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 910–918, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.92
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: One-pot synthesis of vinyl and alkynyl selenides.
Scheme 2: Effect of t-BuOK on the formation of n-octyl alkynyl selenide 5a.
Scheme 3: Effect of reactants concentration on alkynyl selenide formation.
Scheme 4: Synthesis of N-ethyl-2-(n-octylselanyl)-1H-indole (9) and 3-iodo-2-(n-octylselanyl)benzofuran (10).
Scheme 5: Control reactions and mechanistic study.
Scheme 6: Proposed mechanism for the formation of selenides 5.
Scheme 7: Proposed mechanism for the formation of indole 9.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 675–693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.67
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Microwave-driven reaction of glucose in the presence of PEG-200 to afford blue-emissive CDs.
Scheme 2: Two-step synthesis of TTDDA-coated CDs generated from acid-refluxed glucose.
Scheme 3: Glucose-derived CDs using KH2PO4 as a dehydrating agent to both form and tune CD’s properties.
Scheme 4: Ultrasonic-mediated synthesis of glucose-derived CDs in the presence of ammonia.
Scheme 5: Tryptophan-derived CDs used for the sensing of peroxynitrite in serum-fortified cell media.
Scheme 6: Glucose-derived CDs conjugated with methotrexate for the treatment of H157 lung cancer cells.
Scheme 7: Boron-doped blue-emissive CDs used for sensing of Fe3+ ion in solution.
Scheme 8: N/S-doped CDs with aggregation-induced fluorescence turn-off to temperature and pH stimuli.
Scheme 9: N/P-doped hollow CDs for efficient drug delivery of doxorubicin.
Scheme 10: N/P-doped CDs applied to the sensing of Fe3+ ions in mammalian T24 cells.
Scheme 11: Comparative study of CDs formed from glucose and N-doped with TTDDA and dopamine.
Scheme 12: Formation of blue-emissive CDs from the microwave irradiation of glycerol, TTDDA and phosphate.
Scheme 13: Xylitol-derived N-doped CDs with excellent photostability demonstrating the importance of Cl incorp...
Scheme 14: Base-mediated synthesis of CDs with nanocrystalline cores, from fructose and maltose, without forci...
Scheme 15: N/P-doped green-emissive CDs working in tandem with hyaluronic acid-coated AuNPs to monitor hyaluro...
Scheme 16: Three-minute microwave synthesis of Cl/N-doped CDs from glucosamine hydrochloride and TTDDA to affo...
Scheme 17: Mechanism for the formation of N/Cl-doped CDs via key aldehyde and iminium intermediates, monitored...
Scheme 18: Phosphoric acid-mediated synthesis of orange-red emissive CDs from sucrose.
Scheme 19: Proposed HMF dimer, and its formation mechanism, that upon aggregations bestows orange-red emissive...
Scheme 20: Different polysaccharide-derived CDs in the presence of PEG-200 and how the starting material compo...
Scheme 21: Tetracycline release profiles for differentially-decorated CDs.
Scheme 22: Hyaluronic acid (HA) and glycine-derived CDs, suspected to be decorated in unreacted HA, allowing r...
Scheme 23: Cyclodextrin-derived CDs used for detection of Ag+ ions in solution, based on the formal reduction ...
Scheme 24: Cyclodextrin and OEI-derived CDs, coated with hyaluronic acid and DOX, to produce an effective lung...
Scheme 25: Cellulose and urea-derived N-doped CDs with green-emissive fluorescence.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 267–284, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.30
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Mechanism for the reduction under metal dissolving conditions.
Scheme 2: Example of decyanation in metal dissolving conditions coupled with deprotection [30]. TBDMS = tert-buty...
Scheme 3: Preparation of α,ω-dienes [18,33].
Scheme 4: Cyclization reaction using a radical probe [18].
Scheme 5: Synthesis of (±)-xanthorrhizol (8) [39].
Scheme 6: Mechanism for the reduction of α-aminonitriles by hydride donors.
Scheme 7: Synthesis of phenanthroindolizidines and phenanthroquinolizidines [71].
Scheme 8: Two-step synthesis of 5-unsubstituted pyrrolidines (25 examples and 1 synthetic application, see be...
Scheme 9: Synthesis of (±)-isoretronecanol 19. DBU = 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene [74].
Scheme 10: Proposed mechanism with 14a for the NaBH4 induced decyanation reaction (“BH3” = BH3·THF) [74].
Scheme 11: Reductive decyanation by a sodium hydride–iodide composite (26 examples) [81].
Scheme 12: Proposed mechanism for the reduction by NaH [81].
Scheme 13: Reductive decyanation catalyzed by nickel nanoparticles. Yields are given in weight % from GC–MS da...
Scheme 14: Decyanation of 2-cyanobenzo[b]thiophene [87].
Scheme 15: Simplified pathways involved in transition-metal-promoted reductive decyanations [93,95].
Scheme 16: Fe-catalyzed reductive decyanation. Numbers in square brackets represent turnover numbers. The TONs...
Scheme 17: Rh-catalyzed reductive decyanation of aryl nitriles (18 examples, 2 synthetic applications) [103].
Scheme 18: Rh-catalyzed reductive decyanation of aliphatic nitriles (15 examples, one synthetic application) [103].
Scheme 19: Ni-catalyzed reductive decyanation (method A: 28 examples and 2 synthetic applications; method B: 3...
Scheme 20: Reductive decyanation catalyzed by the nickel complex 58 (method A, 14 examples, yield ≥ 20% and 1 ...
Scheme 21: Proposed catalytic cycle for the nickel complex 58 catalyzed decyanation (method A). Only the cycle...
Scheme 22: Synthesis of bicyclic lactones [119,120].
Scheme 23: Reductive decyanation of malononitriles and cyanoacetates using NHC-boryl radicals (9 examples). Fo...
Scheme 24: Proposed mechanism for the reduction by NHC-boryl radicals. The other possible pathway (addition of ...
Scheme 25: Structures of organic electron-donors. Only the major Z isomer of 80 is shown [125,127].
Scheme 26: Reductive decyanation of malononitriles and cyanoacetates using organic electron-donors (method A, ...
Scheme 27: Photoreaction of dibenzylmalononitrile with 81 [128].
Scheme 28: Examples of decyanation promoted in acid or basic media [129,131,134,135].
Scheme 29: Mechanism proposed for the base-induced reductive decyanation of diphenylacetonitriles [136].
Scheme 30: Reductive decyanation of triarylacetonitriles [140].
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 164–173, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.19
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structure of the S. pneumoniae serotype 12F capsular polysaccharide repeating unit [15].
Scheme 1: Retrosynthetic analyses of the S. pneumoniae hexasaccharide 1.
Scheme 2: Attempted synthesis of mannosazide building block 15. Reagents and conditions: (a) levulinic acid, ...
Scheme 3: Synthesis of mannosazide building block 18. Reagents and conditions: (a) TBSCl, imidazole, DCM, 0 °...
Scheme 4: Synthesis of the reducing-end trisaccharide 3. Reagents and conditions: (a) TMSOTf, (CH3CH2)2O/CH2Cl...
Scheme 5: Synthesis of monosaccharide building blocks 8, 9 and 26. Reagents and conditions: (a) acetic anhydr...
Scheme 6: Synthesis of the non-reducing end trisaccharide 2. Reagents and conditions: (a) TMSOTf, CH2Cl2, −30...
Scheme 7: Attempted synthesis of hexasaccharide repeating unit 36 via a convergent [3 + 3] glycosylation stra...
Scheme 8: Linear assembly of fully protected hexasaccharide 51. Reagents and conditions: (a) DDQ, CH2Cl2/MeOH...
Scheme 9: Global deprotection to furnish S. pneumonia serotype 12F repeating unit hexasaccharide 1. Reagents ...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2689–2693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.266
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Natural oligostilbenoids.
Scheme 1: Synthetic plan.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of 4, 5, and 6.
Scheme 3: Iodocyclization.
Figure 2: Crystal structure of 8.
Scheme 4: Synthesis of 14.
Scheme 5: Synthesis of 18.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2556–2562, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.250
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of c3A described by Rousseau et al. in 1966 [22]. a) 1,2,3,5-Tetraacetyl-ß-D-ribofuranose, ch...
Scheme 2: Synthesis of c3A described by Montgomery et al. in 1977 [23]. The final step, displacement of the 2-chl...
Scheme 3: Synthesis of tribenzoylated 6-azido-3-deazapurine nucleoside 2. a) LiN3 (1.3 equiv), N,N-dimethylfo...
Scheme 4: Efficient 5-step synthesis of 3-deazaadenosine phosphoramidite 8 from commercially available, affor...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2364–2371, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.230
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of per-6-derivatized CDs. Ball milling conditions: 1500 steel balls of 1 mm diameter and ...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2325–2342, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.226
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structures of the enduracididine family of amino acids (1–6).
Figure 2: Enduracidin A (7) and B (8).
Figure 3: Minosaminomycin (9) and related antibiotic kasugamycin (10).
Figure 4: Enduracididine-containing compound 11 identified in a cytotoxic extract of Leptoclinides dubius [32].
Figure 5: Mannopeptimycins α–ε (12–16).
Figure 6: Regions of the mannopeptimycin structure investigated in structure–activity relationship investigat...
Figure 7: Teixobactin (17).
Scheme 1: Proposed biosynthesis of L-enduracididine (1) and L-β-hydroxyenduracididine (5).
Scheme 2: Synthesis of enduracididine (1) by Shiba et al.
Scheme 3: Synthesis of protected enduracididine diastereomers 31 and 32.
Scheme 4: Synthesis of the C-2 azido diastereomers 36 and 37.
Scheme 5: Synthesis of 2-azido-β-hydroxyenduracididine derivatives 38 and 39.
Scheme 6: Synthesis of protected β-hydroxyenduracididine derivatives 40 and 41.
Scheme 7: Synthesis of C-2 diastereomeric amino acids 46 and 47.
Scheme 8: Synthesis of protected β-hydroxyenduracididines 51 and 52.
Scheme 9: General transformation of alkenes to cyclic sulfonamide 54 via aziridine intermediate 53.
Scheme 10: Synthesis of (±)-enduracididine (1) and (±)-allo-enduracididine (3).
Scheme 11: Synthesis of L-allo-enduracididine (3).
Scheme 12: Synthesis of protected L-allo-enduracididine 63.
Scheme 13: Synthesis of β-hydroxyenduracididine derivative 69.
Scheme 14: Synthesis of minosaminomycin (9).
Scheme 15: Retrosynthetic analysis of mannopeptimycin aglycone (77).
Scheme 16: Synthesis of protected amino acids 87 and 88.
Scheme 17: Synthesis of mannopeptimycin aglycone (77).
Scheme 18: Synthesis of N-mannosylation model guanidine 92 and attempted synthesis of benzyl protected mannosy...
Scheme 19: Synthesis of benzyl protected mannosyl D-β-hydroxyenduracididine 97.
Scheme 20: Synthesis of L-β-hydroxyenduracididine 98.
Scheme 21: Total synthesis of mannopeptimycin α (12) and β (13).
Scheme 22: Synthesis of protected L-allo-enduracididine 102.
Scheme 23: The solid phase synthesis of teixobactin (17).
Scheme 24: Retrosynthesis of the macrocyclic core 109 of teixobactin (17).
Scheme 25: Synthesis of macrocycle 117.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2298–2314, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.223
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Chemical structures of molecular materials with the following variations; BTxR, alkyl side chains o...
Scheme 1: Synthesis of the key intermediates TMS-Tx-BPin (3), i) diisopropylamine (DIA), THF, n-BuLi, −78 °C ...
Scheme 2: Oligothiophenes 4–11 synthesised through reaction of the commercially available 5-bromo-2-thiophene...
Scheme 3: Synthesis of the bithiophene through palladium catalyzed direct arylation, a) i) Pd(OAc)2, PCy3, Pi...
Scheme 4: Synthesis of the key bis-borylated BDT core 13, i) 1.5 equiv B2Pin2, 0.025 equiv [Ir(COD)OMe]2, 0.0...
Scheme 5: Synthesis of the BXR and BTXR series of materials, i) 5-bromothiophene carboxaldehyde, 5b, 7a–c, 9b...
Figure 2: BQR thermal and POM properties. a) DSC thermogram of BQR under nitrogen at a ramp rate of 10 °C min...
Figure 3: BT4R thermal and POM images. a) DSC thermogram of BT4R under nitrogen at a ramp rate of 10 °C min−1...
Figure 4: UV–vis absorption spectra of the BXXR series in CHCl3. An expansion of the peak area is shown in th...
Figure 5: Normalised thin film UV–vis absorption profiles for the BXxR series for, a) as-cast films (from CDCl...
Figure 6: Normalised thin film UV–vis absorption profiles for a) BBR, b) BTR and c) BQR showing as-cast (blac...
Figure 7: Normalised thin film fluorescence emission profiles for BXxR series after excitation at 580 nm, a) ...
Figure 8: Variable temperature thin film UV–vis absorption profiles for BQR, collected using the transmission...
Figure 9: Variable temperature thin-film fluorescence emission profiles for BQR, a) heating and b) cooling, c...
Figure 10: BQR thin film UV–vis (solid lines) and fluorescence emission spectra (dashed lines) collected at rt...
Figure 11: Optimized geometry and molecular orbital surfaces of HOMO (bottom) and LUMO (top) for the BXR serie...
Figure 12: J–V characteristics of BXR:PC71BM BHJ solar cells. (a) device structure, (b) J–V curves for as-cast...
Figure 13: J–V characteristics of BTxR:PC71BM ternary BHJ solar cells, a) device architecture, and b) J–V curv...
Figure 14: J–V characteristics of PTB7-Th:BQR:PC71BM ternary BHJ solar cells. (a) PTB7-Th chemical structure, ...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2234–2239, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.215
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structure of rosaprostol (1) and numbering system.
Figure 2: The structures of stereoisomers of rosaprostol (1).
Scheme 1: Synthesis of stereoisomeric rosaprostols 1a and 1b from (−)-2a.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of racemic rosaprostol (±-1).
Scheme 3: Resolution of racemic cyclopentanone 3. Reagents and conditions: (a) Al2O3, SiO2, MS 5 Å, DCM, rt, ...
Scheme 4: Synthesis of rosaprostol stereoisomers 1a and 1c. Reagents and conditions: (a) KOH/Al2O3, OHC(CH2)5...
Scheme 5: Conversion of methyl ester (+)-6 into rosaprostol (−)-1a. Reagents and conditions: (a) L-Selectride...
Scheme 6: Synthesis of rosaprostol stereoisomers 1b and 1d. Reagents and conditions: (a) CH2N2, Et2O, −30 °C;...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2104–2123, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.200
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Putative structures of geraniol 1a (R = H) or 1b (R = H) (in 1924), their expected dihydroxylation ...
Scheme 2: Correlation between the substrate double bond geometry and relative stereochemistry of the correspo...
Scheme 3: Mechanisms and classification for the metal-mediated oxidative cyclizations to form 2,5-disubstitut...
Scheme 4: Synthesis of (+)-anhydro-D-glucitol and (+)-D-chitaric acid using an OsO4-mediated oxidative cycliz...
Scheme 5: Total synthesis of neodysiherbaine A via a Ru(VIII)- and an Os(VI)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization,...
Scheme 6: Formal synthesis of ionomycin by Kocienski and co-workers.
Scheme 7: Total synthesis of amphidinolide F by Fürstner and co-workers.
Scheme 8: Brown`s and Donohoe`s oxidative cyclization approach to cis-solamin A.
Scheme 9: Total synthesis of cis-solamin A using a Ru(VIII)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization and enzymatic des...
Scheme 10: Donohoe´s double oxidative cyclization approach to cis-sylvaticin.
Scheme 11: Permanganate-mediated approach to cis-sylvaticin by Brown and co-workers.
Scheme 12: Total synthesis of membranacin using a KMnO4-mediated oxidative cyclization.
Scheme 13: Total synthesis of membrarollin and its analogue 21,22-diepi-membrarollin.
Scheme 14: Total synthesis of rollidecin C and D using a late stage Re(VII)-catalyzed oxidative polycyclizatio...
Scheme 15: Co(II)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization in the total synthesis of asimilobin and gigantetrocin A.
Scheme 16: Mn(VII)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of a 1,5-diene in the synthesis of trans-(+)-linalool oxide....
Scheme 17: Re(VII)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization in the total synthesis of teurilene.
Scheme 18: Total synthesis of (+)-eurylene via Re(VII)- and Cr(VI)-mediated oxidative cyclizations.
Scheme 19: Synthesis of cis- and trans-THF Rings of eurylene via Mn(VII)-mediated oxidative cyclizations.
Scheme 20: Cr(VI)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization in the total synthesis of venustatriol by Corey et al.
Scheme 21: Ru(VIII)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of a 1,5-diene in the synthesis and evaluation of its ster...
Scheme 22: Ru(VII)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of a 5,6-dihydroxy alkene in the synthesis of the core stru...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1476–1486, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.144
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Previous (UA1776, UA2201 and UA2209 [7,8]) and new 1a–q phosphonate derivatives designed as potential cN...
Scheme 1: Synthesis of (1-azido-2,5-di-O-acetyl-3-O-benzoyl-6-deoxy-6-diethylphosphono)-β-ribo-(5S)-hexofuran...
Scheme 2: General synthetic pathway for the 1,2,3-triazolo-β-hydroxyphosphonate derivatives.
Figure 2: Black arrow indicates 1H,1H-COSY correlations for compound 2. Green (C1’ and H5) and blue (H1’ and ...
Figure 3: Arrows indicate 1H,1H-NOESY (blue) and 1H,13C-HMBC (green) correlations for compound 3h.
Figure 4: Arrows indicate 1H,1H-NOESY (blue) and 1H,13C-HMBC (green) correlations for compound 3i.
Figure 5: Inhibition of the nucleotidase activity in presence of representative triazole-based derivatives.
Figure 6: Comparison of the docking poses obtained for two active derivatives in the substrate binding site o...
Figure 7: Superimposition of the docking poses obtained for IMP (pink sticks), derivatives 1n (cyan sticks) a...
Figure 8: Comparison of the docking poses obtained for three active derivatives in the substrate binding site...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.136
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Reactions of aromatic thiocarbonyl S-methanides 2a,b with ferrocenyl thioketones 1 (Table 1).
Figure 1: ORTEP Plot [16] of the molecular structures of the ferrocenyl-substituted 1,3-dithiolanes 5b and 5f (wi...
Scheme 2: Reactions of cycloaliphatic thiocarbonyl S-methanides with ferrocenyl hetaryl thioketones 1 (Table 1).
Scheme 3: Reaction of 3c with ferrocenyl methyl thioketone 1e.
Scheme 4: Mesomeric stabilization of the 1,5-diradical intermediate in the reaction of aromatic thiocarbonyl S...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1000–1039, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.98
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: 3-Hydroxyoxindole-containing natural products and biologically active molecules.
Scheme 1: Chiral CNN pincer Pd(II) complex 1 catalyzed asymmetric allylation of isatins.
Scheme 2: Asymmetric allylation of ketimine catalyzed by the chiral CNN pincer Pd(II) complex 2.
Scheme 3: Pd/L1 complex-catalyzed asymmetric allylation of 3-O-Boc-oxindoles.
Scheme 4: Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed asymmetric direct addition of acetonitrile to isatins.
Scheme 5: Chiral tridentate Schiff base/Cu complex catalyzed asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of isatins ...
Scheme 6: Guanidine/CuI-catalyzed asymmetric alkynylation of isatins with terminal alkynes.
Scheme 7: Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides.
Scheme 8: Plausible catalytic cycle for the direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides.
Scheme 9: Ir-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of isatins with arylboronic acids.
Scheme 10: Enantioselective decarboxylative addition of β-ketoacids to isatins.
Scheme 11: Ruthenium-catalyzed hydrohydroxyalkylation of olefins and 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles.
Scheme 12: Proposed catalytic mechanism and stereochemical model.
Scheme 13: In-catalyzed allylation of isatins with stannylated reagents.
Scheme 14: Modified protocol for the synthesis of allylated 3-hydroxyoxindoles.
Scheme 15: Hg-catalyzed asymmetric allylation of isatins with allyltrimethylsilanes.
Scheme 16: Enantioselective additions of organoborons to isatins.
Scheme 17: Asymmetric aldol reaction of isatins with cyclohexanone.
Scheme 18: Enantioselective aldol reactions of aliphatic aldehydes with isatin derivatives and the plausible t...
Scheme 19: Enantioselective aldol reaction of isatins and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-one.
Scheme 20: Asymmetric aldol reactions between ketones and isatins.
Scheme 21: Phenylalanine lithium salt-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of 3-alkyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles.
Scheme 22: Aldolization between isatins and dihydroxyacetone derivatives.
Scheme 23: One-pot asymmetric synthesis of convolutamydine A.
Scheme 24: Asymmetric aldol reactions of cyclohexanone and acetone with isatins.
Scheme 25: Aldol reactions of acetone with isatins.
Scheme 26: Aldol reactions of ketones with isatins.
Scheme 27: Enantioselective allylation of isatins.
Scheme 28: Asymmetric aldol reaction of trifluoromethyl α-fluorinated β-keto gem-diols with isatins.
Scheme 29: Plausible mechanism proposed for the asymmetric aldol reaction.
Scheme 30: Asymmetric aldol reaction of 1,1-dimethoxyacetone with isatins.
Scheme 31: Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction of phenols with isatins.
Scheme 32: Enantioselective addition of 1-naphthols with isatins.
Scheme 33: Enantioselective aldol reaction between 3-acetyl-2H-chromen-2-ones and isatins.
Scheme 34: Stereoselective Mukaiyama–aldol reaction of fluorinated silyl enol ethers with isatins.
Scheme 35: Asymmetric vinylogous Mukaiyama–aldol reaction between 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)furan and isatins.
Scheme 36: β-ICD-catalyzed MBH reactions of isatins with maleimides.
Scheme 37: β-ICD-catalyzed MBH reactions of 7-azaisatins with maleimides and activated alkenes.
Scheme 38: Enantioselective aldol reaction of isatins with ketones.
Scheme 39: Direct asymmetric vinylogous aldol reactions of allyl ketones with isatins.
Scheme 40: Enantioselective aldol reactions of ketones with isatins.
Scheme 41: The MBH reaction of isatins with α,β-unsaturated γ-butyrolactam.
Scheme 42: Reactions of tert-butyl hydrazones with isatins followed by oxidation.
Scheme 43: Aldol reactions of isatin derivatives with ketones.
Scheme 44: Enantioselective decarboxylative cyanomethylation of isatins.
Scheme 45: Catalytic kinetic resolution of 3-hydroxy-3-substituted oxindoles.
Scheme 46: Lewis acid catalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles with electron-rich phenols.
Scheme 47: Lewis acid catalyzed arylation of 3-hydroxyoxindoles with aromatics.
Scheme 48: Synthetic application of 3-arylated disubstituted oxindoles in the construction of core structures ...
Scheme 49: CPA-catalyzed dearomatization and arylation of 3-indolyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles with tryptamines and 3-...
Scheme 50: CPA-catalyzed enantioselective decarboxylative alkylation of β-keto acids with 3-hydroxy-3-indolylo...
Scheme 51: BINOL-derived imidodiphosphoric acid-catalyzed enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reactions of indoles...
Scheme 52: CPA-catalyzed enantioselective allylation of 3-indolylmethanols.
Scheme 53: 3-Indolylmethanol-based substitution and cycloaddition reactions.
Scheme 54: CPA-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 3] cycloaddtion reactions of 3-indolylmethanols with azomethine ylide...
Scheme 55: CPA-catalyzed three-component cascade Michael/Pictet–Spengler reactions of 3-indolylmethanols and a...
Scheme 56: Acid-promoted chemodivergent and stereoselective synthesis of diverse indole derivatives.
Scheme 57: CPA-catalyzed asymmetric formal [3 + 2] cycloadditions.
Scheme 58: CPA-catalyzed enantioselective cascade reactions for the synthesis of C7-functionlized indoles.
Scheme 59: Lewis acid-promoted Prins cyclization of 3-allyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles with aldehydes.
Scheme 60: Ga(OTf)3-catalyzed reactions of allenols and phenols.
Scheme 61: I2-catalyzed construction of pyrrolo[2.3.4-kl]acridines from enaminones and 3-indolyl-3-hydroxyoxin...
Scheme 62: CPA-catalyzed asymmetric aza-ene reaction of 3-indolylmethanols with cyclic enaminones.
Scheme 63: Asymmetric α-alkylation of aldehydes with 3-indolyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles.
Scheme 64: Organocatalytic asymmetric α-alkylation of enolizable aldehydes with 3-indolyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles a...