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Search for "morphology" in Full Text gives 194 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Natural phenolic metabolites with anti-angiogenic properties – a review from the chemical point of view
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 249–264, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.28
- metastases. Nevertheless, the morphology and pathophysiology of these blood vessels differs significantly from physiological ones as they are less effective and show a lower state of organization and control [3]. Since the discovery of the mechanism of angiogenesis and its crucial role in tumor development
Formulation development, stability and anticancer efficacy of core-shell cyclodextrin nanocapsules for oral chemotherapy with camptothecin
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 204–212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.22
- , 0.1% w/v polymer, 1% v/v oil and 1:2 organic to aqueous phase volume ratios were selected as parameters for the CPT-loaded nanocapsule preparation. CPT-loaded CD nanocapsules were characterized in terms of mean particle size and size distribution, surface charge and morphology (see Supporting
Synthesis and characterization of pH responsive D-glucosamine based molecular gelators
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3111–3121, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.328
- about 500 Pa. The gel formed by amide 11 had smaller G' and G'' values. These results indicate that all the gels are stable and have elastic properties. The gels formed by urea derivatives are more stable than the amide gels. The morphology of the amide and urea gels was also studied by optical
Thermal and oxidative stability of the Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil/β-cyclodextrin supramolecular system
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2809–2820, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.298
- complexation process, was 74.2%. This relatively high recovery yield for the β-CD complex can be explained by the lower water (as well as ethanol/water) solubility. The quality of the essential oil/β-CD complex formation was sustained by the morphology of the complex crystals, evaluated by scanning electron
Detonation nanodiamonds biofunctionalization and immobilization to titanium alloy surfaces as first steps towards medical application
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2765–2773, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.293
- -PEA. Immobilization of DND Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface morphology of titanium samples coated with previously functionalized nanodiamonds. DND before and after functionalization were used to evaluate the improvement on the interaction of DND with the titanium
Anomalous diffusion of Ibuprofen in cyclodextrin nanosponge hydrogels: an HRMAS NMR study
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2715–2723, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.286
- )2 to achieve sufficient contrast. The picture clearly illustrates the porous morphology of the material and the structural heterogeneities in the pore size distribution. Confinement effects are expected to drive the diffusion process from normal to subdiffusive behaviour and interaction with the
- structure of the CDNSEDTA 1:8 is expected to show a high degree of heterogeneity in the distribution of pores, due to rearrangements caused by the steric hindrance. The TEM image of Figure 4b shows the details of the pores heterogeneity and the sponge-like morphology. The slightly superdiffusive behaviour
Synthesis and properties of novel star-shaped oligofluorene conjugated systems with BODIPY cores
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2704–2714, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.285
- structures [17]. A multidimensional molecular architecture provides excellent film-forming properties of the materials and an isotropic morphology of the final film. In the case of oligofluorenes with benzene [18] and truxene cores [19][20][21][22], this design methodology has yielded promising materials for
Linear-g-hyperbranched and cyclodextrin-based amphiphilic block copolymer as a multifunctional nanocarrier
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2696–2703, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.284
- employed to obtain a deeper insight into the self-assembly morphology and size of P3 in aqueous solution. Figure 1 presents the diameter distributions of P1, P2 and P3 micelles (denoted as MP1, MP2, and MP3) in aqueous solution at 25 ºC. Compared with the Z–average diameter values of P1 (242 nm) and P2
Solution processable diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) cored small molecules with BODIPY end groups as novel donors for organic solar cells
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2683–2695, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.283
- pair or exciton into free charge and their transport to the electrodes are critical for device operation. Dissociation and transport are two processes that are strongly linked with the morphology of the active layer. Therefore, controlling the morphology can lead to improved device performance. A
- common technique to optimise morphology is to vary the donor/acceptor ratio. A screening of various donor/acceptor ratios revealed that the most promising performance was evident with the ratio 1:3 (Figures S15 and S16, Supporting Information File 1). As the concentration of the acceptor is increased
- propensity to aggregate. As such, an investigation into the morphology of the optimised blends was carried out. Wide-field images indicate more aggregates in the blend 10:PC71BM (1:3) compared to that in 9:PC71BM (1:3). These aggregates are contained within red circles (Figures S9 and S10, Supporting
Encapsulation of biocides by cyclodextrins: toward synergistic effects against pathogens
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2603–2622, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.273
- of the complexes by observing the morphology of E. coli. When butylparaben or triclosan were used as biocidal agent in the presence of CP-β-CD, the cell membrane was not affected by the complex suggesting that the biocide/CP-β-CD complexes inhibit only the metabolism. Indeed, triclosan exhibits its
- nitrate solution with glucose as a reducing agent, sodium hydroxide as a reaction catalyst and β-CD as a stabilizer [90]. They also investigated the structure and morphology of the stabilizing layer around the silver nanoparticles. The modification of the surface of the nanoparticles by β-CD thus
Loose-fit polypseudorotaxanes constructed from γ-CDs and PHEMA-PPG-PEG-PPG-PHEMA
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2461–2469, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.257
- PEP26M27CD. Noteworthy is the fact that the –CH3 resonance of PEP26M27CD similarly displays weak peak splits. This implies that the PHEMA and PPO blocks probably adopt unusual substructure conformations in the cavity of γ-CDs, different from the general morphology in the original PEP26M. As a result, they
Molecular ordering at electrified interfaces: Template and potential effects
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2243–2254, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.233
- the potential regime above the first reduction peak P1 in Figure 1, results in the instantaneous formation of a highly ordered DBV2+ film. Figure 4 shows representative STM images describing the surface morphology and molecular structure of the DBV2+adlayer. First, the straight step-edges in Figure 4a
- running by each other at a typical angle of 120° still remain, providing a first indication of the persistence of the c(p × √3)Cl layer underneath the organic molecules (see also Figure 6). This indicates that the DBV2+ adlayer has no significant impact on the substrate-surface morphology, which is
- structure: 14.4 nm × 14.4 nm, 5.58 nm × 5.58 nm, It = 2.0 nA, Ub = 75 mV, E = 0.0 mV; c) Hard-sphere model of the chloride-modified Cu(111) surface. Typical STM images of the surface morphology and high-resolution images of the DBV2+ related herring-bone phase on Cl/Cu(111): a) Surface morphology of the
Expanding the scope of cyclopropene reporters for the detection of metabolically engineered glycoproteins by Diels–Alder reactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2235–2242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.232
- additional experiments see Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). Brightfield images were recorded to check the cell morphology. These experiments show that all three cyclopropene derivatives 1, 2, and 3 are accepted by the cell’s biosynthetic machinery. However, membrane staining resulting from
Synthesis and optical properties of pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid carrying a clicked Nile red label
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2166–2174, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.224
- fashion. PNA–DNA duplexes have different structural morphology and electrostatic potential surfaces from DNA–DNA duplexes and therefore they are interacting differently with DNA-binding dyes [23][24][25]. We had recently introduced a new conformationally constrained pyrrolidinyl PNA known as acpcPNA that
The effect of permodified cyclodextrins encapsulation on the photophysical properties of a polyfluorene with randomly distributed electron-donor and rotaxane electron-acceptor units
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2145–2156, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.222
- granular morphology with a lower dispersity supported by a smaller roughness exponent compared with the non-rotaxane counterpart. Keywords: cyclodextrins; energy band gaps; fluorescence lifetimes; persilylated cyclodextrins; supramolecular encapsulation; surface morphology; Introduction Semiconducting π
- have been widely employed to investigate the solid state redox behavior of some hole-transporting layers [41], semiconducting polymer layers [13][29][30][42], or electrodeposited layers [43]. In order to remove any precedent electrochemical processes, which could change the film morphology by the
- large scan length, each curve turns into a plateau. The non-rotaxane 4 film surface displays granular morphology with grain diameters of 99 ± 17 nm. The dispersity of grain sizes was supported by a higher roughness exponent of 0.303 (Figure 11). 4a and 4b polyrotaxanes also show a granular morphology
Scalable synthesis of 5,11-diethynylated indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones and exploration of their solid state packing
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2122–2130, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.219
- gram amounts of material. With this new methodology, we explored the effects on crystal packing morphology for the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones by varying the substituents on the silylethynyl groups. Keywords: crystal packing; electron accepting; indenofluorenes; organic electronics; polycyclic
Supercritical carbon dioxide: a solvent like no other
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1878–1895, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.196
- microemulsions. Investigations were carried out with a range of ethylene oxide (EO) repeat units, with an inversion of emulsion morphology from water-in-carbon dioxide to carbon dioxide-in-water as EO repeat units increased from 2 to 7. There was noteworthy stability at EO7 thought to be due to the strong
- polyoxypropylene (PPO) unit edged by two hydrophilic polyoxyethylene (PEO) units (Table 2, compound 29). It is hypothesised that the increased hydrophobic interaction of the internal PPO blocks with CO2 during addition is responsible for the change in morphology. These polymeric micelles differ slightly from those
- known that rhyd of the M+ ion can impact preferred curvature and therefore impact surfactant morphology, and exchanging counterion induces a change in effective ion size through the hydrated radius (Figure 6). The study indicated that micelles in water and CO2 should have a range of geometric packing
Sacrolide A, a new antimicrobial and cytotoxic oxylipin macrolide from the edible cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1808–1816, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.190
- inhibitory concentration (MIC). Cytotoxicity testing and cell morphology observation The cytotoxicity against 3Y1-B clone 1-6 rat fibroblasts and the action of sacrolide A (1) on the morphology of the same cell line were evaluated by the procedures described in [22]. Method to precook raw alga for the
Improving the reactivity of phenylacetylene macrocycles toward topochemical polymerization by side chains modification
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1613–1619, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.167
- heating the gel from 223 to 298 K, an endotherm was observed in both cases, which is closely related to the melting point of free cyclohexane [39]. To explore the morphology of the structures created during the gel formation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on PAM2 only since PAM3 did not
Biantennary oligoglycines and glyco-oligoglycines self-associating in aqueous medium
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1372–1382, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.140
- dynamics study was considered impossible. No tectomer structure was observed under acidic conditions (рН < 5), whereas under neutral and basic conditions the reaction proceeded similarly in terms of both the velocity and the morphology of formed tectomers. The oligoethylene glycol derivatives Н-Glyn-NH
- washing with buffer solution (рН 6.5 or 9.0). The morphology of the first layer remains unchanged and the available defects (‘holes’) are preserved. The layer height is 3.7–4.0 nm, which may correspond to both mono- and bilayer (conformations “1 + 1” and “2 + 0”, respectively, see Figure 4). The dynamics
- cell. The layer morphology was identical to the one observed in experiments in air (Figure 5). Dynamic light scattering data give evidence that in neutral aqueous solutions the association of compounds Н-Gly5-NH-X-NH-Gly5-Н (cores С2 and С10) leads to the formation of large aggregates. By means of SFM
Molecular recognition of surface-immobilized carbohydrates by a synthetic lectin
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1354–1364, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.138
- morphology [47][48][49][50]. Therefore, the epoxide SAMs were prepared by the method of Julthongpiput et al. because well-defined monolayers of epoxides on glass and silicon substrates can be obtained by using (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane in toluene [42]. The successful surface modification was
Novel indolin-2-one-substituted methanofullerenes bearing long n-alkyl chains: synthesis and application in bulk-heterojunction solar cells
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1121–1128, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.111
- suggested that the coarser surface morphology in the P3HT/HBIM blends is a result of the fullerene-rich domains, which are too large for the optimal polymer–fullerene phase separation. Possibly, the coarser surface morphology is due to the lower solubility of HBIM as compared to PCBM. Usually, alkyl
- heterojunction morphology, in which the typical size of the phase-separated domains is about tens of nanometers. The optimal morphology supports efficient charge separation and charge transport in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Our studies showed that the increasing of the alkyl chain length from C1 to C9 had
- , for which the features at 550 and 600 nm are more pronounced) so that more or less optimal morphology in the P3HT/PCBM blend is achieved. However, according to Figure 6, the content of the P3HT crystalline phase in the as-prepared P3HT/AIM blends is already no less than in that in the optimized P3HT
A new building block for DNA network formation by self-assembly and polymerase chain reaction
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1037–1046, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.104
- Supporting Information File 1). This DH is variable at different angles because DNA networks were not expected to have spherical morphology in solution [47]. Furthermore, different DH values in the case of branched DNA samples were owed to the dynamics in solution. Comparing scattering intensity of linear
Tanzawaic acids I–L: Four new polyketides from Penicillium sp. IBWF104-06
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 251–258, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.20
- by morphology. Strain IBWF104-06 has been deposited in the culture collection of the Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research (IBWF e.V.), Kaiserslautern, Germany. For maintenance, the fungus was grown on agar slants on YMG agar (yeast extract 4.0 g/L, malt extract 10 g/L, glucose 10 g/L, the pH
Charge-transfer interaction mediated organogels from 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid appended pyrene
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2877–2885, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.324
- acceptor in these CT gels. Microscopic study Generally, it is believed that the gelation system is the result of a gelator network formed during the cooling or shaking process [52]. The morphology of the xerogels obtained from CT gels was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to
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